Abstract：
:Making the correct decision based on results from DNA analyses and other information in family reunification cases can be complicated for a number of reasons. These include stratified populations, cultural differences in family constellations, families with different population origin, and complicated family relations giving complex pedigrees. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of erroneous conclusions in immigration cases and to propose alternative procedures to current methods to reduce the risk of making such errors. A simulation model was used to study different issues. For simplicity, we focus on cases which can be formulated as questions about paternity. We present an overview of error rates (of falsely included men as the true father and of falsely excluded true fathers) for fairly standard computations, and we show how these are affected by different factors. For example, adding more DNA markers to a case will decrease the error rates, as will the inclusion of more children. We found that using inappropriate population frequency databases had just minor effects on the error rates, but the likelihood ratios varied from an underestimation of 100 times up to an overestimation of 100,000 times. To reduce the risk of falsely including a man related to the true father we propose a more refined prior including five hypotheses instead of the two normally used. Simulations showed that this method gave reduced error rates compared with standard computations, even when the prior does not exactly correspond to reality.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Karlsson AO,Holmlund G,Egeland T,Mostad Pdoi
10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.12.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-25 00:00:00pages
144-9issue
2-3eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(07)00017-5journal_volume
172pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In prosecution, Belgian judiciary currently uses outdated yield figures (28.1g per plant, sold at € 3/g at grower level) for fining illicit indoor cannabis plantations. Using state-of-the-art cultivation techniques, our growth experiments showed that yield is better expressed in g/m(2) cultivated surface area rather t...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.013
更新日期：2012-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The investigation of deaths due to the inhalation of volatile substances may be complicated by a lack of scene and autopsy findings. Mechanisms of death may not be determinable at autopsy, and there may be very few markers of inhalant abuse. A 21-year-old man is reported who died from the combined effects of methadone...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.10.008
更新日期：2007-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have mentioned to the high percentage of violent deaths in prison psychiatric hospitals, with suicide being the principal cause. The aim of this study was to analyze the circumstances related with the deaths recorded in a high security institution. Postmortem reports on all the deaths at the Alicante ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00441-2
更新日期：2001-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:For almost three decades, the Association for the Recovery of the Fallen in Eastern Europe (Verein zur Bergung Gefallener in Osteuropa e.V., VBGO) has committed itself to the location, recovery, documentation, and identification of the missing victims of World War II. Through the tireless efforts of the VBGO volunteer...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110473
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discrimination of sex is central to the process of establishing a personal identification from human skeletal remains. Previous study has demonstrated that osteometric analysis of the sternal extremity of the fourth rib provides a reasonably accurate method for assessing this biological attribute in diverse human ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.09.007
更新日期：2012-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The intradural sagittal diameter at the second cervical vertebra (SD/C2) of 62 SIDS cases was measured myelographically. This SD/C2 proved to be dependent on body size, body weight, and age. A clear, age-dependent difference is to be found in the primarily narrow spinal canal. This parameter (SD/C2), which is more pre...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(86)90184-2
更新日期：1986-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in human hair can provide information on nicotine intake and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke over a long period of time. Nonetheless, to better assess the usefulness of hair analysis to determine smoking habits or exposures, all procedures have to be standardized. Various solv...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(96)02068-3
更新日期：1997-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Urine morphine levels after the consumption of poppy seeds were measured in two separate trials. Maximum levels of approximately 18 micrograms/ml were found using RIA, EMIT-ST and GC methodologies. Positive immunoassay results were seen up to 60 h post-ingestion. Several different lots of seeds from various sources we...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(85)90173-2
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein-based medicines, or large molecule medicines, are innovative products used to treat various diseases like hepatitis or cancer. This new generation of molecules are usually expensive, and thus represents an attractive target for the counterfeiters. Due to the complexity of their chemical structure, their analys...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.012
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A collaborative exercise was carried out by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) in order to evaluate the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy amongst the hairs of an individual who displays point heteroplasmy in blood and buccal cells. A second aim of the exercise was to study reproducibility of...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00181-6
更新日期：2004-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:A duplex primer set for the amplification of mitochondrial DNA HVI and HVII control regions was evaluated for the optimization of a DNA sequencing protocol suitable for forensic casework. HVI and HVII products, with the absence of non-specific products, could be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis when as little a...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.128
更新日期：2005-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have proposed a quantitative method for assessing weight of evidence in the case where a fingermark from a crime scene is compared with a set of control prints from the ten fingers of a suspect. The approach is based on the notion of calculating a Likelihood Ratio (LR) that addresses a pair of propositions...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.08.008
更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Diastereomeric dipeptides were derived from the amino acid enantiomers in dentin by O-phthalaldehyde-N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The products were separated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected by fluorescence detector. A short analysis time (total analysis time was 15 min, including retention tim...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(95)01709-7
更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:This study reports on the relationships between the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and the cause of death - which is of course common knowledge for forensic scientists! Our special aim was to gain unselected data for generalizing conclusions. The blood of 2465 consecutive cases (86% of all 2852 sudden unexpected an...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(91)90098-4
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Identification of deceased persons is the most common role of the forensic dentist. Forensic physical comparison of antemortem and postmortem dental data is used to establish that a found body and a missing person are one and the same to a high degree of certainty. An overview of this role is presented as a review of ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.030
更新日期：2010-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite indicating numerous demographic features such as sex, stature, and age; the sacrum remains a relatively insufficiently researched skeletal element. A set pattern of ossification and fusion of the sacrum makes it a useful bone for estimating age-at-death in unknown skeletal individuals. The aims of this study, ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.02.011
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present two non fatal cases of intoxication with carbofuran (CBF) documented by hair analysis. Carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran (OHCBF, its main metabolite) hair concentrations were determined using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The obtained results were surprising if we consider severa...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.011
更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Timing of fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is correlated with age. Previous research, however, has demonstrated variation in the timing of closure among different global populations. The present study aims to quantify the timing of SOS fusion in Malaysian individuals as visualised in multi-detector c...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.046
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten X-chromosomal STRs from two multiplex PCR approaches (DXS9898, DXS6807, HPRTB, DXS101, and androgen receptor (ARA); DXS7133, DXS10011, DXS7424, DXS8377, and DXS8378) have been typed in a Latvian population sample. ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.006
更新日期：2006-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of victims involved in mass fatality incidents has become an increasingly important issue nowadays, and identification of unknown individuals is an important aspect in criminal cases and Disaster Victim Identification scenarios. Therefore, the sex estimation is one of the most important biological a...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.015
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hair analysis has been presented by some authors as a possible tool of investigation for estimating patients' compliance to long-term therapies. This paper summarises the different publications that have been devoted to this topic and highlights the available statistically data presented to support this proposition. Q...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(94)01626-g
更新日期：1995-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have suggested that postmortem serum catecholamine levels reflect the magnitude of physical stress responses or toxic/hyperthermic neuronal dysfunction during the death process. The present study investigated postmortem adrenaline (Adr), noradrenaline (Nad), and dopamine (DA) levels in pericardial flu...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.02.008
更新日期：2013-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The experience of the Northern Ireland State Pathology Service is drawn on to illustrate the forensic aspects of death by shooting and bombing caused by terrorists. The investigations into these deaths have to contend with rumours and allegations which can inflame feelings in the community or mislead the investigators...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(88)90215-0
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myxoid heart disease (MHD), more commonly known as mitral valve prolapse, is a very common cardiac abnormality affecting 5-10% of the general population. This article reviews the history, symptoms, physical findings, pathology, associated conditions and complications of this entity. Special emphasis is given to sudden...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(89)90177-1
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Capillary electrophoresis, the modern approach to instrumental electrophoresis, is probably the most rapidly expanding analytical technique that has appeared in recent years. In the hands of forensic toxicologists, capillary electrophoresis (CE) represents a powerful new analytical tool, which has proved suitable for ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(94)01612-9
更新日期：1995-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Reconstruction of ripped-up documents can be a very time-consuming task for forensic experts. Currently, this task is often carried out using various homespun or loosely defined procedures. Under the main assumption that a (partially) ordered set of fragments can be recovered, we propose and discuss a more formal anal...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.07.013
更新日期：2008-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim of this work is to test the stability of mephedrone added to whole blood collected from alive and dead mephedrone free-users and stored at three different temperatures (-20, +4 and +20°C) with and without preservatives up to 6 months, trying to establish the best storage condition in order to reduce possib...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.021
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phentermine capsules labelled Ionamin were suspected of being counterfeit. Examination of the contents revealed no phentermine, but caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. The usual microcrystalline and spectrodensitometry was used to confirm results of spectrophotometric identity tests. ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(83)90144-5
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In forensic science, the determination of diatoms bears several goals, for example to estimate the post mortem interval (PMI), to determine the cause of death of a corpse found in water as well as to further locate the suspected drowning site. However, to identify diatoms using morphological method beyond the genus le...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.028
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have indicated that metal particles remain on bone after sharp force injury or gunshot and that their detection by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) could greatly help in tool identification. However, the presence of metal particles on bone surfaces in th...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.007
更新日期：2012-11-30 00:00:00
