Energetics and dynamics of a light-driven sodium-pumping rhodopsin.

abstract：:Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; thyroliberin) on membrane electrical properties were studied in the clonal rat anterior pituitary cell (GH3) by continuous recording of the intracellular potential. Application of TRH, which stimulates the release of prolactin and growth hormone from the GH3 cell, elicite...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ozawa S,Kimura N

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recently described organ culture system for human thymocytes is shown to support the generation of a diverse T-cell receptor repertoire in vitro: thymocytes of the alpha beta lineage, including representatives of the V beta families 5.2/5.3, 6.7, and 8, accounted for the majority of T-cell receptor-positive cells th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merkenschlager M,Fisher AG

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:From a consideration of (varphi, Psi) values of the amino acids of myoglobin, lysozyme, the alpha and beta chains of horse oxyhemoglobin, tosyl-alpha-chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase A, an empirical procedure of predicting whether amino-acid residues in proteins are in a non-helical or may be in a helical conformati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu TT,Kabat EA

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erythroid cells which are homogeneous with regard to stage of maturation are naturally available from the circulation of chick embryos at various times of development. This provides a convenient system for examining the changes in plasma membrane protein composition during red cell maturation. Plasma membranes are iso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan LL

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflicts of interest between the community and its members are at the core of human social dilemmas. If observed selfishness has future costs, individuals may hide selfish acts but display altruistic ones, and peers aim at identifying the most selfish persons to avoid them as future social partners. An interaction in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rockenbach B,Milinski M

更新日期：2011-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone H3 phosphorylation is a critical step that couples signal transduction pathways to gene regulation. To specifically assess the transcriptional regulatory functions of H3 phosphorylation, we developed an in vivo targeting approach and found that the H3 kinase MSK1 is a direct and potent transcriptional activato...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lau PN,Cheung P

更新日期：2011-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Small RNAs (sRNAs) are hypothesized to contribute to hybrid vigor because they maintain genome integrity, contribute to genetic diversity, and control gene expression. We used Illumina sequencing to assess how sRNA populations vary between two maize inbred lines (B73 and Mo17) and their hybrid. We sampled sRNAs from t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barber WT,Zhang W,Win H,Varala KK,Dorweiler JE,Hudson ME,Moose SP

更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome editing with engineered site-specific endonucleases involves nonhomologous end-joining, leading to reading frame disruption. The approach is applicable to dominant negative disorders, which can be treated simply by knocking out the mutant allele, while leaving the normal allele intact. We applied this strategy ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shinkuma S,Guo Z,Christiano AM

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotes, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed in the nucleus yet function in the cytoplasm; thus, tRNA movement within the cell was believed to be unidirectional--from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It is now known that mature tRNAs also move in a retrograde direction from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via retrog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kramer EB,Hopper AK

更新日期：2013-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Ischemia of the myocardium and lower limbs is a common consequence of arterial disease and a major source of morbidity and mortality in modernized countries. Inducing neovascularization for the treatment of ischemia is an appealing therapeutic strategy for patients for whom traditional treatment modalities cannot be p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jang E,Albadawi H,Watkins MT,Edelman ER,Baker AB

更新日期：2012-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease, in which the death of mutant rod photoreceptors leads secondarily to the non-cell autonomous death of cone photoreceptors. Gene therapy is a promising treatment strategy. Unfortunately, current methods of gene delivery treat only a fraction of diseas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koch SF,Duong JK,Hsu CW,Tsai YT,Lin CS,Wahl-Schott CA,Tsang SH

更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Aire is a transcriptional regulator that induces expression of peripheral tissue antigens (PTA) in thymic medullary epithelial cells (MECs), driving immunological self-tolerance in differentiating T cells. To elucidate its mechanistic pathways, we examined its transcriptional impact in MECs in vivo by microarray analy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giraud M,Yoshida H,Abramson J,Rahl PB,Young RA,Mathis D,Benoist C

更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS) plays a key role in nonphotochemical quenching, a photoprotective mechanism for dissipation of excess excitation energy in plants. The precise function of PsbS in nonphotochemical quenching is unknown. By reconstituting PsbS together with the major light-harvesting complex of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilk L,Grunwald M,Liao PN,Walla PJ,Kühlbrandt W

更新日期：2013-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A dynamical theory for the evolution of the genetic code is presented, which accounts for its universality and optimality. The central concept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early communal life generically lead to refinement and selection of innovation-sharing pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vetsigian K,Woese C,Goldenfeld N

更新日期：2006-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A 320-base-pair repeated sequence was observed when DNA samples from the filarial parasites Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi were digested with the restriction endonuclease Hha I. A 640-base-pair dimer of the repeated sequence from B. malayi was inserted into the plasmid pBR322. When dot hybridization was used, the co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McReynolds LA,DeSimone SM,Williams SA

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection induces transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in both transiently and permanently transfected cells containing the HIV-LTR/CAT hybrid gene. To define the mechanism by wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mosca JD,Bednarik DP,Raj NB,Rosen CA,Sodroski JG,Haseltine WA,Hayward GS,Pitha PM

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examined the effects of the Great Recession on maternal harsh parenting. We found that changes in macroeconomic conditions, rather than current conditions, affected harsh parenting, that declines in macroeconomic conditions had a stronger impac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee D,Brooks-Gunn J,McLanahan SS,Notterman D,Garfinkel I

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infections including the life-threatening conditions endocarditis, necrotizing pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, and septicemia. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, a membrane-bound microbial sensor, detects staphylococcal components, but macrophages ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hruz P,Zinkernagel AS,Jenikova G,Botwin GJ,Hugot JP,Karin M,Nizet V,Eckmann L

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Seizure activity regulates gene expression for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN), and their receptor components, the transmembrane c-Ret tyrosine kinase and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptor (GFR) alpha 1 and alpha 2 in limbic structures. We demonstrat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nanobashvili A,Airaksinen MS,Kokaia M,Rossi J,Asztély F,Olofsdotter K,Mohapel P,Saarma M,Lindvall O,Kokaia Z

更新日期：2000-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously reported that in four transcription factor families the DNA-recognition rules can be described as (i) chemical rules, which list possible pairings between the 20 amino acid residues and the four DNA bases, and (ii) stereochemical rules, which describe the base and amino acid positions in contact. We...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suzuki M,Yagi N

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytotoxic lymphocytes eliminate virus-infected and cancerous cells by immune recognition and killing through the perforin-granzyme pathway. Traditional killing assays measure average target cell lysis at fixed times and high effector:target ratios. Such assays obscure kinetic details that might reveal novel physiology...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Choi PJ,Mitchison TJ

更新日期：2013-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used electron microscopy to examine freshly isolated Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli basal flagellar fragments, purified without resort to extremes of pH or ionic strength. Such fragments contain the large bell-like basal structures visualized recently in freeze-substituted or fixed preparations. W...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khan IH,Reese TS,Khan S

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing interest in the role of the frontal lobe in relation to psychiatric and neurologic disorders has popularized tests of frontal function. One of these is the antisaccade task, in which both frontal lobe patients and schizophrenics are impaired despite normal performance on (pro)saccadic tasks. We used positio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Driscoll GA,Alpert NM,Matthysse SW,Levy DL,Rauch SL,Holzman PS

更新日期：1995-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Although neutrophils are known to be fundamental in controlling innate immune responses, their role in regulating adaptive immunity is just starting to be appreciated. We report that human neutrophils exposed to pregnancy hormones progesterone and estriol promote the establishment of maternal tolerance through the ind...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nadkarni S,Smith J,Sferruzzi-Perri AN,Ledwozyw A,Kishore M,Haas R,Mauro C,Williams DJ,Farsky SH,Marelli-Berg FM,Perretti M

更新日期：2016-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In many of their compounds the transition metals have covalence 9, forming nine bonds with use of nine hybrid spd bond orbitals. A set of maximum-valence single-bond radii is formulated for use in these compounds. These radii are in reasonably good agreement with observed bond lengths. Quadruple bonds between two tran...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pauling L

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biological roles of estrogen-responsive finger protein (efp) in vivo were evaluated in mice carrying a loss-of-function mutation in efp by gene-targeted mutagenesis. Although efp homozygous mice were viable and fertile in both sexes, the uterus that expressed abundant estrogen receptor alpha exhibited significant ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orimo A,Inoue S,Minowa O,Tominaga N,Tomioka Y,Sato M,Kuno J,Hiroi H,Shimizu Y,Suzuki M,Noda T,Muramatsu M

更新日期：1999-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The DnaE intein in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the first and only naturally split intein that has been identified so far. It is capable of catalyzing a protein trans-splicing mechanism to assemble a mature protein from two separate precursors. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for protein modification and engin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Fox GC Jr,Henry-Smith TV

更新日期：2003-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) plays a major role in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions and behaviors by estrogens. Although the generation of ERalpha knockout mice advanced our knowledge of ERalpha functions, gene deletion using this method is global and potentially confounded by developmental consequences...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Musatov S,Chen W,Pfaff DW,Kaplitt MG,Ogawa S

更新日期：2006-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV) was isolated in acidic hot springs where it infects the archeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. We determined the STIV structure using near-atomic resolution electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography allowing tracing of structural polypeptide chains and visualization of transm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Veesler D,Ng TS,Sendamarai AK,Eilers BJ,Lawrence CM,Lok SM,Young MJ,Johnson JE,Fu CY

更新日期：2013-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood vessels and nerves often follow parallel trajectories, suggesting that distal targets use common cues that induce vascularization and innervation. Netrins are secreted by the floor plate and attract commissural axons toward the midline of the neural tube. Here, we show that Netrin-1 is also a potent vascular mit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park KW,Crouse D,Lee M,Karnik SK,Sorensen LK,Murphy KJ,Kuo CJ,Li DY

更新日期：2004-11-16 00:00:00