Collective evolution and the genetic code.

abstract：:We determined the frequency of integrated viral DNA in the livers of three woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus before and during 30 weeks of therapy with the nucleoside analog L-FMAU [1-(2-fluoro-5-methyl-beta, L-arabinofuranosyl)uracil, clevudine]. We found that although viral covalentl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Summers J,Mason WS

更新日期：2004-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Groups of subjects with different degrees of glucose intolerance were examined in order to determine, first, the capacity of the beta cells to release insulin upon glucose stimulation and, second, sensitivity to insulin. The groups were selected on the basis of fasting blood glucose value and tolerances to oral and in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Efendić S,Wajngot A,Cerasi E,Luft R

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eosinophils have been associated with fibrosis. To investigate their direct role in fibrosis, human peripheral blood eosinophil sonicate was added to human lung or dermal fibroblasts, and proliferation ([(3)H]thymidine) and collagen synthesis ([(3)H]proline) were evaluated. Proliferation was enhanced significantly in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levi-Schaffer F,Garbuzenko E,Rubin A,Reich R,Pickholz D,Gillery P,Emonard H,Nagler A,Maquart FA

更新日期：1999-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The cochlear implant (CI) is a neuroprosthesis that allows profoundly deaf patients to recover speech intelligibility. This recovery goes through long-term adaptative processes to build coherent percepts from the coarse information delivered by the implant. Here we analyzed the longitudinal postimplantation evolution ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rouger J,Lagleyre S,Fraysse B,Deneve S,Deguine O,Barone P

更新日期：2007-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In vertebrate retinal photoreceptors, photoisomerization of opsin-bound visual chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal triggers phototransduction events. Regeneration of the chromophore is a critical step in restoring photoreceptors to their dark-adapted state. This regeneration process, called the retinoid cy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Golczak M,Kuksa V,Maeda T,Moise AR,Palczewski K

更新日期：2005-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromosomal locations of members of the xenotropic-related env gene family in the mouse genome have been determined. Endonuclease restriction site polymorphisms detected by molecular hybridization were used to study the inheritance of mink cell-focus inducing and xenotropic env gene-related sequences in recombinant in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blatt C,Mileham K,Haas M,Nesbitt MN,Harper ME,Simon MI

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the folding dynamics of Thermus thermophilus cytochrome c(552) by time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer between the heme and each of seven site-specific fluorescent probes. We have found both an equilibrium unfolding intermediate and a distinct refolding intermediate from kinetics studies. De...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamada S,Bouley Ford ND,Keller GE,Ford WC,Gray HB,Winkler JR

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have identified an ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity intrinsic to the human minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex, composed of MCM subunits 4, 6, and 7 [Ishimi, Y. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24508-24513]. In contrast to the presence of multiple MCM genes (at least six) in eukaryotes, the archaeon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kelman Z,Lee JK,Hurwitz J

更新日期：1999-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Measures of complexity derived from ergodic theory of dynamical systems were developed and applied to an exemplary data set describing locomotor movements of rats in a bounded space. A symbolic dynamical system was obtained by partitioning the event space into equally probable partition elements, using a k-dimensional...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paulus MP,Geyer MA,Gold LH,Mandell AJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutant alleles at the dilute unconventional myosin heavy chain locus cause diluted coat color, opisthotonic seizures, and death. The dilute coat color phenotype is caused by irregular clumping of pigment in the hair, but amounts of melanin are unchanged from wild-type controls. The melanocyte phenotype has been descri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Provance DW Jr,Wei M,Ipe V,Mercer JA

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In the course of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by an unconventional agent, a normal cellular protein is converted to an abnormal form that copurifies with infectivity and aggregates to form deposits of amyloid. We have used immunocytochemistry and methods that enhance detection of amyloidog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diedrich JF,Bendheim PE,Kim YS,Carp RI,Haase AT

更新日期：1991-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We present the use of our recently described multiple-loci polymorphic DNA markers ("alumorphs") for linkage mapping of the human genome. By using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with an Alu-specific primer we could reveal, in a single experiment, up to 20 genomic polymorphisms seen as the presence or absence of a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zietkiewicz E,Labuda M,Sinnett D,Glorieux FH,Labuda D

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) has several putative roles in metal detoxification, in Zn and Cu homeostasis, in scavenging free radicals, and in the acute phase response. Mice of mixed 129/Ola and C57BL/6J background with targeted disruption of MT-I and MT-II genes are more sensitive to toxic metals and oxidative stress. We not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beattie JH,Wood AM,Newman AM,Bremner I,Choo KH,Michalska AE,Duncan JS,Trayhurn P

更新日期：1998-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied regional cerebral blood flow using the H2(15)O method while normal subjects performed four similar tasks involving three-letter word beginnings (stems). Prior to each task, subjects studied a list of words. Local blood flow was then monitored during a 40-sec period while subjects (i) silently viewed word st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Squire LR,Ojemann JG,Miezin FM,Petersen SE,Videen TO,Raichle ME

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesencephalic dopamine neurons from the embryonic mouse brain were dissociated, aggregated in vitro in the presence of dissociated cells from appropriate or inappropriate target neuron areas, and visualized by the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence technique after exposure to 1 microM exogenous dopamine. When aggregated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hemmendinger LM,Garber BB,Hoffmann PC,Heller A

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli AlkB protein protects against the cytotoxicity of methylating agents by repair of the DNA lesions 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine, which are generated in single-stranded stretches of DNA. AlkB is an alpha-ketoglutarate- and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase that oxidizes the relevant methyl groups...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duncan T,Trewick SC,Koivisto P,Bates PA,Lindahl T,Sedgwick B

更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Preferential phosphorylation of specific proteins by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) may be mediated in part by the anchoring of PKA to a family of A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) positioned in close proximity to target proteins. This interaction is thought to depend on binding of the type II regulatory (RII) sub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burton KA,Johnson BD,Hausken ZE,Westenbroek RE,Idzerda RL,Scheuer T,Scott JD,Catterall WA,McKnight GS

更新日期：1997-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term plasticity can differ from short-term in recruiting the growth of new synaptic connections, a process that requires the participation of both the presynaptic and postsynaptic components of the synapse. How does information about synaptic plasticity spread from its site of origin to recruit the other componen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin I,Puthanveettil S,Udo H,Karl K,Kandel ER,Hawkins RD

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary surfactant contains two hydrophobic polypeptides, SP-B and SP-C, with known amino acid sequences and with truncated subforms lacking the N-terminal residues. Treatment of SP-C with KOH releases fatty acids (palmitic acid to more than 85%) in molar ratios of 1.8-2.0 relative to the polypeptide. Furthermore, p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Curstedt T,Johansson J,Persson P,Eklund A,Robertson B,Löwenadler B,Jörnvall H

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The only known product of the Snyder-Theilen strain of feline sarcoma virus (ST-FeSV) is a 85,000-dalton protein, designated ST P85, that contains feline leukemia virus gag gene encoded proteins (p15, p12, and a fragment of p30) and a sarcoma virus-specific polypeptide. Antibodies directed against the latter immunopre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barbacid M,Beemon K,Devare SG

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following over 3 decades of gradual but uneven increases in sea ice coverage, the yearly average Antarctic sea ice extents reached a record high of 12.8 × 106 km2 in 2014, followed by a decline so precipitous that they reached their lowest value in the 40-y 1979-2018 satellite multichannel passive-microwave record, 10...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parkinson CL

更新日期：2019-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16 is a common genetic alteration in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To clarify the pathogenetic significance of allele loss on chromosome 16, we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 70 surgically resected tumors by using 15 polymorphic DNA markers f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuda H,Zhang WD,Shimosato Y,Yokota J,Terada M,Sugimura T,Miyamura T,Hirohashi S

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Donor DNA molecules carrying Tn1 or Tn3 deletion mutants do not need to replicate in order to participate in replicon fusion recombination events during which the Tn1/Tn3 element is duplicated. We have assayed Tn1 delta Ap-mediated replicon fusion events involving plasmid R388 and the bacteriophage lambda-derived plas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Muster CJ,Shapiro JA,MacHattie LA

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging to determine the in situ structures of mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers from two organisms belonging to the phylum euglenozoa: Trypanosoma brucei, a lethal human parasite, and Euglena gracilis, a photosynthetic protist. At a resolution of 32.5 Å and 27.5 Å, re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mühleip AW,Dewar CE,Schnaufer A,Kühlbrandt W,Davies KM

更新日期：2017-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of RNA secondary structure on rho-independent and rho-dependent termination of transcription of T3 DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase has been studied by incorporating, into nascent transcripts, base analogs that lead to altered base-pairing properties. A guanine --> hypoxanthine substitution, with atte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adhya S,Sarkar P,Valenzuela D,Maitra U

更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants can defend themselves from herbivorous insects by emitting volatile chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. For example, maize seedlings attacked by beet armyworm larvae (Spodoptera exigua) produce a mixture of terpenoid and indole volatiles that serve to attract parasitic wasps. A key s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shen B,Zheng Z,Dooner HK

更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We carried out a large-scale screen to identify interactions between integral membrane proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using a modified split-ubiquitin technique. Among 705 proteins annotated as integral membrane, we identified 1,985 putative interactions involving 536 proteins. To ascribe confidence levels to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller JP,Lo RS,Ben-Hur A,Desmarais C,Stagljar I,Noble WS,Fields S

更新日期：2005-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the importance of Mg(2+) for numerous cellular activities, the mechanisms underlying its import and homeostasis are poorly understood. The CorA family is ubiquitous and is primarily responsible for Mg(2+) transport. However, the key questions-such as, the ion selectivity, the transport pathway, and the gating ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guskov A,Nordin N,Reynaud A,Engman H,Lundbäck AK,Jong AJ,Cornvik T,Phua T,Eshaghi S

更新日期：2012-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Without a fully developed initial segment, the most proximal region of the epididymis, male infertility results. Therefore, it is important to understand the development and regulation of this crucial region. In addition to distinctively high activity levels of the components of the ERK pathway, which are essential fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu B,Washington AM,Hinton BT

更新日期：2014-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important human pathogen in both children and adults. In children, it causes otitis media, the most common childhood infection and the leading cause of conductive hearing loss in the United States. In adults, it causes lower respiratory tract infections in the setting of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shuto T,Xu H,Wang B,Han J,Kai H,Gu XX,Murphy TF,Lim DJ,Li JD

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00