Abstract：
:Mesencephalic dopamine neurons from the embryonic mouse brain were dissociated, aggregated in vitro in the presence of dissociated cells from appropriate or inappropriate target neuron areas, and visualized by the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence technique after exposure to 1 microM exogenous dopamine. When aggregated with the surrounding rostral mesencephalic tegmentum cells only or with the addition of rostral tectum cells, the dopamine neurons formed a dense dendritic arborization, but no axons were observed. In the presence of dopamine-neuron target cells from the corpus striatum, a dense axonal plexus characteristic of that formed in this area in vivo was observed. In contrast, in aggregates formed with target cells from the frontal cortex, branching fluorescent axons bearing irregularly spaced and shaped varicosities were found coursing through the neuropil, as is characteristic of the dopaminergic innervation to the frontal cortex in vivo. Only proximal dendrites were observed in the presence of these axonal target cells. Dopamine neurons cultured with inappropriate target cells from the occipital cortex did not form either extensive axonal or dendritic processes. Thus, the presence, type, and distribution of dopamine neuronal processes are dependent on the presence of appropriate target cells. The formation of unique patterns of neuronal processes by dissociated neurons in vitro suggests that the information necessary for this differentiation is intrinsic to the dopamine neurons and their target cells. This system provides a useful model with which to study basic mechanisms underlying neuronal recognition.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Hemmendinger LM,Garber BB,Hoffmann PC,Heller Adoi
10.1073/pnas.78.2.1264subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-02-01 00:00:00pages
1264-8issue
2eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Resting-state functional connectivity is used throughout neuroscience to study brain organization and to generate biomarkers of development, disease, and cognition. The processes that give rise to correlated activity are, however, poorly understood. Here we decompose resting-state functional connectivity using a tempo...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.2005531117
更新日期：2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) that is required for DNA repair, damage-induced mutagenesis, and sporulation. We have cloned the two human RAD6 homologs, designated HHR6A and HHR6B. The two 152-amino acid human proteins share 95% sequence identity with each other a...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.88.20.8865
更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse social conditions have been linked to a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) in circulating leukocytes that may contribute to social gradients in disease. However, the CNS mechanisms involved remain obscure, in part because CTRA gene-expression profiles often track external social-environment...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1707373114
更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:We modeled the behavior of recessive mutations with deleterious effects to either the sporophyte or the gametophyte, or both, in polysomic tetraploid populations by allowing for varying levels of double reduction, mutation, and self-fertilization. Double reduction causes a decrease of the equilibrium frequencies of de...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.100101097
更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrically excitable cells harness voltage-coupled calcium influx to transmit intracellular signals, typically studied in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Despite intense study in higher organisms, investigations of voltage and calcium signaling in bacteria have lagged due to their small size and a lack of sensitive tool...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1703084114
更新日期：2017-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional transcription elongation complexes can be formed by adding RNA polymerase in trans to a preformed nucleic acid construct. This construct consists of a double-stranded DNA fragment that contains a noncomplementary (permanent DNA bubble) region into which an RNA primer oligonucleotide has been hybridized. By ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.91.20.9539
更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Human breast cancers contain an RNA related to that of mouse mammary tumor virus. In 79% of the breast malignancies examined, this type of RNA is a 70S-component encapsulated with RNA-instructed DNA polymerase in a particle possessing the density characteristics of RNA tumor viruses. Further, the DNA synthesized by th...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.69.11.3133
更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of specific gangliosides to function as host cell receptors for Sendai virus was investigated by using Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells which become resistant to infection upon treatment with Vibrio cholerae sialidase. Sialidase-treated cells were incubated for 20 min at 37 degrees C with individual, highly...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.78.9.5406
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The RuvB protein is induced in Escherichia coli as part of the SOS response to DNA damage. It is required for genetic recombination and the postreplication repair of DNA. In vitro, the RuvB protein promotes the branch migration of Holliday junctions and has a DNA helicase activity in reactions that require ATP hydroly...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.91.16.7618
更新日期：1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor heterogeneity confounds cancer diagnosis and the outcome of therapy, necessitating analysis of tumor cell subsets within the tumor mass. Elevated expression of hyaluronan (HA) and HA receptors, receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM)/HA-mediated motility receptor and cluster designation 44 (CD44), in breast tu...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1402383111
更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously demonstrated that platelets express high levels of the tyrosine protein kinase pp60c-src. By a quantitative immunoblot assay, it is shown in this report that pp60c-src represents 0.2-0.4% of total platelet protein. The expression of high levels of pp60c-src in platelets correlated with high levels of tot...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.86.3.901
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV infection leads to a state of chronic immune activation and progressive deterioration in immune function, manifested most recognizably by the progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells. A substantial percentage of natural killer (NK) cells from patients with HIV infection are activated and express the natural cytotoxic...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0504315102
更新日期：2005-08-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent genome-wide nucleosome mappings along with bioinformatics studies have confirmed that the DNA sequence plays a more important role in the collective organization of nucleosomes in vivo than previously thought. Yet in living cells, this organization also results from the action of various external factors like D...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0909511106
更新日期：2009-12-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection of BALB/3T3 cells by polyoma virus causes an alteration in the cell surface, characterized by enhanced agglutination of the cells by wheat germ agglutinin or concanavalin A. Infection by the thermosensitive mutant of polyoma, ts-3, causes the cell surface alteration at the permissive temperature, but not at ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.68.2.283
更新日期：1971-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite their importance for biological activity, slower molecular motions beyond the nanosecond range remain poorly understood. We have assembled an unprecedented set of experimental NMR data, comprising up to 27 residual dipolar couplings per amino acid, to define the nature and amplitude of backbone motion in prote...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0505129102
更新日期：2005-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Heteroduplex molecules of pneumococcal DNA, prepared by cross-annealing resolved complementary strands, have been used as donors in transformation. A number of pairs of genetic markers are situated exclusively in the trans configuration in these heteroduplexes. Insertion of two markers from trans configuration into op...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.69.2.466
更新日期：1972-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have isolated a cold-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which there is a deficit of 60S ribosomal subunits. Cold sensitivity and the assembly defect are recessive and cosegregate, defining a single essential gene that we designated DRS1 (deficiency of ribosomal subunits). The wild-type DRS1 gene was cl...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.89.23.11131
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current methodologies that monitor immune responses rely on invasive techniques that sample tissues at a given point in time. New technologies are needed to elucidate the temporal patterns of immune responses and the spatial distribution of immune cells on a whole-body scale. We describe a noninvasive, quantitative, a...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0508698102
更新日期：2005-11-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments reported here show that some UV-irradiated wild-type T7 phage markers can be rescued efficiently by coinfection with T7 amber mutant phage in a permissive host. Other results show that the segments of a UV-irradiated genome that replicate efficiently are those that also are rescued efficiently during a mar...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.75.12.6144
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiation therapy is a widely used cancer treatment, but it causes side effects even when localized radiotherapy is used. Extensive apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells of the lamina propria is the primary lesion initiating intestinal radiation damage after abdominal radiation therapy. Many in vitro studies su...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0307575101
更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and the resulting elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, triggers transmitter release in nerve terminals. However, it is controversial whether in addition to the opening of Ca2+ channels, membrane potential directly affects transmitter release. Here, we ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.2433276100
更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual deficits caused by abnormal visual experience during development are hard to recover in adult animals. Removal of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans from the mature extracellular matrix with chondroitinase ABC promotes plasticity in the adult visual cortex. We tested whether chondroitinase ABC treatment of adult...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0602657103
更新日期：2006-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A genetic defect in a CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-5, the principal coreceptor for the macrophage-tropic HIV type 1 (HIV-1), recently was found to naturally protect CCR-5-defective, but healthy, individuals from HIV-1 infection. In this study, we mimic the natural resistance of the CCR-5-defective individuals by design...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.94.21.11567
更新日期：1997-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Urbanization represents an extreme transformation of more natural systems. Populations of most species decline or disappear with urbanization, and yet some species persist and even thrive in cities. What determines which species persist or thrive in urban habitats? Direct competitive interactions among species can inf...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1809317115
更新日期：2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Peptidoglycan (PGN) recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system that bind and, in some cases, hydrolyze bacterial PGNs. We determined the crystal structure, at 2.30-A resolution, of the C-terminal PGN-binding domain of human PGRP-Ialpha in complex with a muramyl tripeptid...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0407856101
更新日期：2004-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence suggests cancer cells exhibit a dependency on metabolic pathways regulated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Nevertheless, how the regulation of this metabolic cofactor interfaces with signal transduction networks remains poorly understood in glioblastoma. Here, we report nicotinamide ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1610921114
更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions between proliferation and multilineage differentiation are unclear. Members of the Wnt family of ligands that activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which utilizes beta-catenin to relay the signal, have been demonstrated to regulate HSC f...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0704747104
更新日期：2007-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:This article briefly summarizes the research activities in the field of hydrogen storage in sorbent materials and reports our recent works and future directions for the design of such materials. Distinct features of sorption-based hydrogen storage methods are described compared with metal hydrides and complex chemical...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1217137109
更新日期：2012-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether the regulatory protein of an inducible operon for a catabolic pathway is a positive or a negative element in the control of expression is correlated with the frequent or infrequent presence, respectively, of the system's substrate in the natural environment. ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.71.6.2453
更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual awareness has been proposed to depend on recurrent processing in early visual cortex areas including the primary visual cortex (V1). Here, we address this hypothesis with high spatiotemporal resolution magnetoencephalographic recordings in subjects performing a substitution masking paradigm. Neural activity ref...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0801999105
更新日期：2008-06-24 00:00:00
