An attempt to locate the non-helical and permissively helical sequences of proteins: application to the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains.

abstract：:Although heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) have been widely used clinically as anticoagulants, their broader use has been limited by the lack of noninvasive delivery methods for this class of molecules. In this study, we demonstrate an efficient, rapid, and reproducible delivery system for heparin throu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qi Y,Zhao G,Liu D,Shriver Z,Sundaram M,Sengupta S,Venkataraman G,Langer R,Sasisekharan R

更新日期：2004-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Teratocarcinoma is a germ-line carcinoma giving rise to an embryoid tumor with structures derived from the three embryonic layers: mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm. Teratocarcinoma is widely used as an in vitro model system to study regulation of cell determination and differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis. M...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trojan J,Johnson TR,Rudin SD,Blossey BK,Kelley KM,Shevelev A,Abdul-Karim FW,Anthony DD,Tykocinski ML,Ilan J

更新日期：1994-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The cerebral cortex of mammals differentiates into functionally distinct areas that exhibit unique cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and molecular characteristics. Molecular specification of cells fated for limbic cortical areas, based on the expression of the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP), occurs dur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barbe MF,Levitt P

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon, R2, encodes a sequence-specific endonuclease responsible for its insertion at a unique site in the 28S rRNA genes of arthropods. Although most non-LTR retrotransposons encode an apurinic-like endonuclease upstream of a common reverse transcriptase domain, R2 and many...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Malik HS,Eickbush TH

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Germinal centers (GCs) are specialized microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs where high-affinity antibody-producing B cells are selected based on B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signal strength. BCR signaling required for normal GC selection is uncertain. We have found that protein kinase N1 (PKN1, also known a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yasui T,Sakakibara-Yada K,Nishimura T,Morita K,Tada S,Mosialos G,Kieff E,Kikutani H

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified and isolated a presumptive leukemogenic provirus from myeloblasts of a chicken in which leukemia had been induced by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). Leukemic myeloblasts isolated from peripheral blood or from converted yolk sac cultures of various strains of chickens, regardless of the endogenous ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Souza LM,Komaromy MC,Baluda MA

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures in key regulatory regions in the genome has emerged as a secondary structure-based epigenetic mechanism for regulating multiple biological processes including transcription, replication, and telomere maintenance. G4 formation (folding), stabilization, and unfolding must be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roychoudhury S,Pramanik S,Harris HL,Tarpley M,Sarkar A,Spagnol G,Sorgen PL,Chowdhury D,Band V,Klinkebiel D,Bhakat KK

更新日期：2020-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulated changes in gene expression underlie many biological processes, but globally profiling cell-to-cell variations in transcriptional regulation is problematic when measuring single cells. Transcriptome-wide identification of regulatory heterogeneities can be robustly achieved by randomly collecting small numbers...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bajikar SS,Fuchs C,Roller A,Theis FJ,Janes KA

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter at the mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the signaling between nerve terminals and muscle fibers. We show that under glutamatergic transmission, rat NMJ switches from cholinergic type synapse to glutamatergic synapse. Conne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brunelli G,Spano P,Barlati S,Guarneri B,Barbon A,Bresciani R,Pizzi M

更新日期：2005-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway is a promising strategy for developing safer anticoagulants that do not cause serious bleeding. Intrinsic tenase, the final and rate-limiting enzyme complex in the intrinsic coagulation pathway, is an attractive but less explored target for anticoagulants due t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao L,Wu M,Xiao C,Yang L,Zhou L,Gao N,Li Z,Chen J,Chen J,Liu J,Qin H,Zhao J

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemomechanical coupling in muscle contraction may be due to "swinging crossbridges," such that a change in the angle at which the myosin head binds to the actin filament is tightly coupled to release of products of ATP hydrolysis. This model would limit the step size, the unit displacement of actin produced by a sing...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toyoshima YY,Kron SJ,Spudich JA

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice prefer to mate with individuals expressing different MHC genes from their own. Volatile components presenting MHC-dependent odor types are present in urine and can be detected by mice, as shown by extensive behavioral studies. Similar odor types are suspected to influence human behavior as well. Although a recent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Montag S,Frank M,Ulmer H,Wernet D,Göpel W,Rammensee HG

更新日期：2001-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has established stargazin and its related family of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) as auxiliary subunits of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) that control synaptic strength both by targeting AMPARs to synapses through an intracellular PDZ-binding motif and by modulating their gating throug...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milstein AD,Nicoll RA

更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasma concentration of the major vitamin D metabolites; 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured during pregnancy and lactation in the adult female rat. The concentrations of these metabolites were also measured in rat pups during lactation and after weaning. The pl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Halloran BP,Barthell EN,DeLuca HF

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, diffraction elements that reverse the color sequence normally observed in planar diffraction gratings have been found in the wing scales of the butterfly Pierella luna. Here, we describe the creation of an artificial photonic material mimicking this reverse color-order diffraction effect. The bioinspired sys...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： England G,Kolle M,Kim P,Khan M,Muñoz P,Mazur E,Aizenberg J

更新日期：2014-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the principles that has emerged from experimental evolutionary studies of microorganisms is that polymorphic alleles or new mutations can sometimes possess a latent potential to respond to selection in different environments, although the alleles may be functionally equivalent or disfavored under typical condit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stebbins GL,Hartl DL

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allosteric regulation of oxygen delivery by RBCs may have significant effects on tumor growth. Indeed, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is induced in growing tumors by low oxygen partial pressure. Hypoxia-inducible genes are switched on, among which are the VEGF gene and its receptors. Most important,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kieda C,Greferath R,Crola da Silva C,Fylaktakidou KC,Lehn JM,Nicolau C

更新日期：2006-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Domesticated maize and its wild ancestor (teosinte) differ strikingly in morphology and afford an opportunity to examine the connection between strong selection and diversity in a major crop species. The tb1 gene largely controls the increase in apical dominance in maize relative to teosinte, and a region of the tb1 l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark RM,Linton E,Messing J,Doebley JF

更新日期：2004-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of development has been studied through the lens of gene regulation by examining either closely related species or extremely distant animals of different phyla. In nematodes, detailed cell- and stage-specific expression analyses are focused on the model Caenorhabditis elegans, in part leading to the view...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schiffer PH,Polsky AL,Cole AG,Camps JIR,Kroiher M,Silver DH,Grishkevich V,Anavy L,Koutsovoulos G,Hashimshony T,Yanai I

更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The repeatability of evolutionary change is difficult to quantify because only a single outcome can usually be observed for any precise set of circumstances. In this study, however, we have quantified the frequency of parallel and divergent genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of Escherichia coli that...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Woods R,Schneider D,Winkworth CL,Riley MA,Lenski RE

更新日期：2006-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant RHO GTPases (RAC/ROPs) mediate multiple extracellular signals ranging from hormone to stress and regulate diverse cellular processes important for polarized cell growth, differentiation, development, reproduction, and responses to the environment. They shuttle between the GDP-bound inactive state and the GTP-bou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duan Q,Kita D,Li C,Cheung AY,Wu HM

更新日期：2010-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), one of the most common human sarcomas, is poorly responsive to radiation and chemotherapy, and the lack of animal models suitable for experimental analysis has seriously impeded functional investigation of its pathobiology and development of effective targeted therapies. Here, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gutierrez A,Snyder EL,Marino-Enriquez A,Zhang YX,Sioletic S,Kozakewich E,Grebliunaite R,Ou WB,Sicinska E,Raut CP,Demetri GD,Perez-Atayde AR,Wagner AJ,Fletcher JA,Fletcher CD,Look AT

更新日期：2011-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the social skills of previously institutionalized, 8-y-old Romanian children from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project and the influence of attachment security and brain electrical activity (alpha power) on these skills. Participants included children randomized to an intervention involv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Almas AN,Degnan KA,Radulescu A,Nelson CA 3rd,Zeanah CH,Fox NA

更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant mortality and birth rates are critical components of plant life history affecting the stability of plant populations and the ecosystems they form. Although allometric theory predicts that both plant birth and mortality rates should be size-dependent, this prediction has not yet been tested across plants ranging ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marbà N,Duarte CM,Agustí S

更新日期：2007-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative interaction proteomics has successfully elucidated specific protein-protein, DNA-protein, and small molecule-protein interactions. Here, we developed a gel-free, sensitive, and scalable technology that addresses the important area of RNA-protein interactions. Using aptamer-tag...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Butter F,Scheibe M,Mörl M,Mann M

更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Beetle luciferases are thought to have evolved from fatty acyl-CoA synthetases present in all insects. Both classes of enzymes activate fatty acids with ATP to form acyl-adenylate intermediates, but only luciferases can activate and oxidize d-luciferin to emit light. Here we show that the Drosophila fatty acyl-CoA syn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mofford DM,Reddy GR,Miller SC

更新日期：2014-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies have suggested that introgressed Neandertal DNA was subjected to negative selection in modern humans. A striking observation in support of this is an apparent monotonic decline in Neandertal ancestry observed in modern humans in Europe over the past 45,000 years. Here, we show that this decline is an a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Petr M,Pääbo S,Kelso J,Vernot B

更新日期：2019-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:G9a is an epigenetic regulator that methylates H3K9, generally causing repression of gene expression, and participates in diverse cellular functions. G9a is genetically deregulated in a variety of tumor types and can silence tumor suppressor genes and, therefore, is important for carcinogenesis. Although hypoxia is re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Casciello F,Al-Ejeh F,Kelly G,Brennan DJ,Ngiow SF,Young A,Stoll T,Windloch K,Hill MM,Smyth MJ,Gannon F,Lee JS

更新日期：2017-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The qualities of perception depend not only on the sensory inputs but also on the brain state before stimulus presentation. Although the collective evidence from neuroimaging studies for a relation between prestimulus state and perception is strong, the interpretation in the context of sensory computations or decision...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kayser SJ,McNair SW,Kayser C

更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The three-dimensional structures of RNA enzymes form catalytic centers that include specific substrate binding sites. High-resolution determination of these and other RNA structures is essential for a detailed understanding of the function of RNA in biological systems. The crystal structures of only a few RNA molecule...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doudna JA,Grosshans C,Gooding A,Kundrot CE

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00