Recent advances on topical antimicrobials for skin and soft tissue infections and their safety concerns.

abstract：:The immune system is well-equipped with sensors that detect invading pathogens and dictate subsequent immune responses for clearing the infections. One such class of sensor is the toll-like receptor (TLR), that can sense diverse molecules of pathogen origin such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, DNA, RNA, and trigger...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Udgata A,Dolasia K,Ghosh S,Mukhopadhyay S

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Well publicized outbreaks of foodborne illness have occurred in recent years due to consumption of commercial, nonpasteurized ("fresh" or "unpasteurized") fruit juices. Nonpasteurized and heat treated juices have been associated with at least 15 foodborne illness outbreaks since the early 1900s. Disease syndromes have...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Parish ME

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are difficult technical problems inherent in verifying compliance to the Biological Weapons and Toxin Convention (BWC) that are making it difficult to reach international agreement on a verification protocol. A compliance regime will most likely involve the formation of an Organization for the Prevention of Biol...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Zilinskas RA

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonorrhea is a major, global public health problem for which there is no vaccine. The continuing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains raises concerns that untreatable Neisseria gonorrhoeae may become widespread in the near future. Consequently, there is an urgent need for increased efforts towards the development...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Edwards JL,Jennings MP,Apicella MA,Seib KL

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Industrialisation has introduced several lifestyle changes and medical advancements but their impact on intestinal microbiota acquisition is often overlooked. Even though these consequential changes in the microbiota could contribute to the disease burden that accompanies industrialisation, such as obesity and atopic ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Van Daele E,Knol J,Belzer C

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of global mortality. Traditional laboratory diagnostic approaches designed to detect and track infectious disease agents provide a framework for surveillance of bio threats. However, surveillance and outbreak investigations using such time-consuming approach...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Bokhari H

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a surface-exposed common 37-kilodalton multi-functional lipoprotein detected on all known serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This lipoprotein belongs to the ABC-type transport protein complex that transports Mn2+; it is also an adhesin that plays a major role in pneumococca...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Rajam G,Anderton JM,Carlone GM,Sampson JS,Ades EW

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis causing reproductive failures in livestock and a severe multi-organ disease in humans. The genus Brucella is divided into seven species and various biotypes differing in pathogenicity and host specificity. Although Brucella spp. represent a highly homogenous group of bacteria, RFLPs...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Al Dahouk S,Tomaso H,Prenger-Berninghoff E,Splettstoesser WD,Scholz HC,Neubauer H

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents, and therefore, pose great threat to national security and public health. Rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs using molecular and biochemi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Cai S,Singh BR,Sharma S

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lectins are natural bioactive ubiquitous proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune response that bind reversibly to glycans of glycoproteins, glycolipids and polysaccharides possessing at least one non-catalytic domain causing agglutination. Some of them consist of several carbohydrate-binding domains which endow them w...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Singh RS,Thakur SR,Bansal P

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the first documented outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 1982, numerous publications have demonstrated or proposed putative components implicated in the pathogenesis of this gastrointestinal infection. Indeed, Escherichia coli O157:H7 pathogenesis is linked to several potential ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： LeBlanc JJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The agriculture industry is in need of novel biopesticides and development of large-scale production of mycopesticide, either fungal cells themselves or cell-free fungal components. The identification of a fungal strain with pesticide activity, and its improvement, is the primary step in developing infective propagule...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Deshpande MV

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resuscitation promoting factors (Rpf) are peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing enzymes that are pivotal in the resuscitation of quiescent actinobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From the published data, it is clear that Rpf are required for the resuscitation of non-replicating bacilli and pathogenesis in murine infe...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Rosser A,Stover C,Pareek M,Mukamolova GV

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial cell cycle is simpler and different than that of the typical eukaryotic cell cycle. The selective pressure during evolution has been directed to achieve optimal growth of the individual free-living microbial cell instead of a variety of replication rates of the differentiated cell within an entire multic...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Koch AL

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is an important phytopathogenic fungus, infecting a large number of plant species and surviving for up to 15 years in the soil as a saprophyte. Although considerable research related to the biology and ecology of Macrophomina has been conducted, it continues to cause huge economic...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Kaur S,Dhillon GS,Brar SK,Vallad GE,Chand R,Chauhan VB

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brucellae are α-Proteobacteria causing brucellosis, an important zoonosis. Although multiplying in endoplasmic reticulum-derived vacuoles, they cause no cell death, suggesting subtle but efficient use of host resources. Brucellae are amino-acid prototrophs able to grow with ammonium or use glutamate as the sole ca...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Ronneau S,Moussa S,Barbier T,Conde-Álvarez R,Zuniga-Ripa A,Moriyon I,Letesson JJ

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanotechnology has revolutionized almost all the fields of science and technology, particularly the food packaging industry. Accordingly, some nanoparticles can be used in food contact materials to preserve food products for longer periods. To date, many inorganic and metal nanoparticles have been implemented to synth...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Hoseinnejad M,Jafari SM,Katouzian I

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has emerged and constituted a global crisis, thereby novel antibiotics and other anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. However, the growing gap between clinical need and drug innovation, coupled with the membrane permeability barrier in Gram-negative bacteria r...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Liu Y,Li R,Xiao X,Wang Z

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The numbers and diversity of microbes in ecosystems within and around us is unmatched, yet most of these microorganisms remain recalcitrant to in vitro cultivation. Various high-throughput molecular techniques, collectively termed multi-omics, provide insights into the genomic structure and metabolic potential as well...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Gutleben J,Chaib De Mares M,van Elsas JD,Smidt H,Overmann J,Sipkema D

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of serum complement to kill bacteria has been linked to host resistance to Gram-negative bacteria. A mechanism for killing extracellular organisms during early invasion, following release from infected phagocytic cells, or during bacteremia would contribute to a host's ability to resist disease. In fact, t...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Hoffmann EM,Houle JJ

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic strains produce one or more toxins which action result in production of diarrhea in animals including Man. One of these toxins, STb, has been mainly associated with colibacillosis in swine. Although highly prevalent in pigs with diarrhea, a relation between STb and disease was arduous ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Dubreuil JD

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of many rapid detection technologies could be expanded if the bacteria were separated, concentrated, and purified from the sample matrix before detection. Specific advantages of bacterial concentration might include facilitating the detection of multiple bacterial strains; removal of matrix-associated assay in...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Stevens KA,Jaykus LA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cells play an important role in immunity but when these cells are overexposed to specific antigens, their function may decline. This state is usually referred to as exhaustion and the T-cells show reduced proliferation and functions such as cytokine release. T-cell exhaustion has been observed in several cancers as ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Khan N,Vidyarthi A,Amir M,Mushtaq K,Agrewala JN

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Giardia lamblia is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease giardiasis, against which only a limited number of drugs are currently available. Increasing reports of resistance to these drugs makes it necessary to identify new cellular targets for designing the next generation of anti-giardial drugs. Towards this go...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Ray A,Sarkar S

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both coagulation and fibrinolysis are tightly connected with the innate immune system. Infection and inflammation cause profound alterations in the otherwise well-controlled balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Many pathogenic bacteria directly exploit the host's hemostatic system to increase their virulence....

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Peetermans M,Vanassche T,Liesenborghs L,Lijnen RH,Verhamme P

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipases are esterases able to hydrolyze water-insoluble esters such as long-chain triglycerides. These enzymes also catalyze the formation of esters (esterification) and the exchange of ester bonds (transesterification) when present in nonaqueous media. Lipases display a high degree of specificity and enantioselectivi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Soberón-Chávez G,Palmeros B

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is an increasing interest in non-albicans Candida species because of the increasing number of fungal infections they cause. Most of these infections can be found in immunocompromised individuals, especially in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Candida dubliniensis is a recently identified y...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Schorling SR,Kortinga HC,Froschb M,Mühlschlegel FA

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urease activity is a physiological function of many bacteria that enables these organisms to utilize urea as a source of nitrogen. The association of ureolytic bacteria with human or animal hosts varies widely from a commensal relationship as demonstrated with skin microflora, a symbiotic relationship in the gastroint...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： McLean RJ,Nickel JC,Cheng KJ,Costerton JW

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus biofilms represent a unique micro-environment that directly contribute to the bacterial fitness within hospital settings. The accumulation of this structure on implanted medical devices has frequently caused the development of persistent and chronic S. aureus-associated infections, which represen...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Figueiredo AMS,Ferreira FA,Beltrame CO,Côrtes MF

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following a brief review of the ecology of Escherichia coli in general, the role of Shiga-Toxigenic (Verocytotoxigenic) E. coli (STEC) as pathogens is addressed. While STEC belonging to the serogroup O157 have been extensively studied and shown to be involved in many cases and outbreaks of human disease, the importanc...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Bettelheim KA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00