Abstract:
:Following a brief review of the ecology of Escherichia coli in general, the role of Shiga-Toxigenic (Verocytotoxigenic) E. coli (STEC) as pathogens is addressed. While STEC belonging to the serogroup O157 have been extensively studied and shown to be involved in many cases and outbreaks of human disease, the importance of STEC belonging to other serogroups has not been recognized as much. This review addresses the problems associated with these pathogens, demonstrating that increasing the awareness of them is a major part of the problem. This review then demonstrates how widespread isolations especially from food animals and human disease have been, discussing in particular STEC belonging to serogroups O8, O26, O103, O111, O113 and O128. The animal host-specificity of these STEC is also reviewed. In conclusion some methods of improving isolation of these pathogens is addressed.
journal_name
Crit Rev Microbioljournal_title
Critical reviews in microbiologyauthors
Bettelheim KAdoi
10.1080/10408410601172172subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
67-87issue
1eissn
1040-841Xissn
1549-7828pii
777379314journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::There are difficult technical problems inherent in verifying compliance to the Biological Weapons and Toxin Convention (BWC) that are making it difficult to reach international agreement on a verification protocol. A compliance regime will most likely involve the formation of an Organization for the Prevention of Biol...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408419891294262
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of serum complement to kill bacteria has been linked to host resistance to Gram-negative bacteria. A mechanism for killing extracellular organisms during early invasion, following release from infected phagocytic cells, or during bacteremia would contribute to a host's ability to resist disease. In fact, t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419509113538
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteria having a unique ring-like morphology first isolated from nasal mucus by Weibel in 1887 were classified as a new genus Spirosoma by Migula in 1894. However, because these bacteria were not completely described for taxonomic purposes and their cultures were no longer available, the genus was deleted from th...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419009114761
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans ingest large numbers of microbes daily. Food provides distinctly different physical and physiological conditions from drinking water. With high concentrations of carbohydrate, protein, and ionic strength, food is much closer to the human physiological state than drinking water, which is essentially devoid of nu...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040-840291046740
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urease activity is a physiological function of many bacteria that enables these organisms to utilize urea as a source of nitrogen. The association of ureolytic bacteria with human or animal hosts varies widely from a commensal relationship as demonstrated with skin microflora, a symbiotic relationship in the gastroint...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418809104467
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eugenol is a hydroxyphenyl propene, naturally occurring in the essential oils of several plants belonging to the Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Myristicaceae families. It is one of the major constituents of clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Myrtaceae) oil and is largely used in both foods and c...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2017.1295225
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans switches from a budding yeast form to a polarized hyphal form in response to various external signals. This morphogenetic switching has been implicated in the development of pathogenicity. Several signaling pathways that regulate morphogenesis have been identified, including ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/713610451
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within Gram-positive bacteria, the expression of target genes is controlled at the population level via signaling peptides, also known as pheromones. Pheromones control a wide range of functions, including competence, virulence, and others that remain unknown. Until now, their role in bacterial gene regulation has pro...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.948804
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Well publicized outbreaks of foodborne illness have occurred in recent years due to consumption of commercial, nonpasteurized ("fresh" or "unpasteurized") fruit juices. Nonpasteurized and heat treated juices have been associated with at least 15 foodborne illness outbreaks since the early 1900s. Disease syndromes have...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419709115132
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is an important phytopathogenic fungus, infecting a large number of plant species and surviving for up to 15 years in the soil as a saprophyte. Although considerable research related to the biology and ecology of Macrophomina has been conducted, it continues to cause huge economic...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2011.640977
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system is well-equipped with sensors that detect invading pathogens and dictate subsequent immune responses for clearing the infections. One such class of sensor is the toll-like receptor (TLR), that can sense diverse molecules of pathogen origin such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, DNA, RNA, and trigger...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2019.1608904
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A chronically weak area in research papers, reports, and reviews is the complete identification of important background reference documents that formed the building blocks for the research. A method for systematically determining these important references is presented. Citation-Assisted Background (CAB) is based on t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2010.484002
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renewed interest in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation as a route for industrial production of butanol has been evident since the oil crisis of the 1970s. The present review includes an historical recap of the traditional industrial process and culturing practices useful in maintaining viable solvent-produ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418809104464
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The numbers and diversity of microbes in ecosystems within and around us is unmatched, yet most of these microorganisms remain recalcitrant to in vitro cultivation. Various high-throughput molecular techniques, collectively termed multi-omics, provide insights into the genomic structure and metabolic potential as well...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2017.1332003
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mycobacteria, iron dependent transcription regulator (IdeR) regulates transcription of genes in response to iron levels. The IdeR regulated genes have been investigated mostly in M. tuberculosis, M. smegmatis, and in few of the other related species. Recent advances in crystal structure solution and computational a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410600709768
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacteria are endowed with substances that profoundly affect the immune system. Leprosy and tuberculosis exemplify broad spectra of useful and detrimental immune responses of mycobacterial infections that range from intense potentiation to severe specific adn nonspecific suppression of humoral and cellular immune e...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418209104488
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has emerged and constituted a global crisis, thereby novel antibiotics and other anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. However, the growing gap between clinical need and drug innovation, coupled with the membrane permeability barrier in Gram-negative bacteria r...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2019.1599813
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus biofilms represent a unique micro-environment that directly contribute to the bacterial fitness within hospital settings. The accumulation of this structure on implanted medical devices has frequently caused the development of persistent and chronic S. aureus-associated infections, which represen...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2017.1282941
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic strains produce one or more toxins which action result in production of diarrhea in animals including Man. One of these toxins, STb, has been mainly associated with colibacillosis in swine. Although highly prevalent in pigs with diarrhea, a relation between STb and disease was arduous ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408411003720191
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents, and therefore, pose great threat to national security and public health. Rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs using molecular and biochemi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410701364562
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heavy metal contamination has become a worldwide environmental concern due to its toxicity, non-degradability and food-chain bioaccumulation. Conventional physical and chemical treatment methods for heavy metal removal have disadvantages such as cost-intensiveness, incomplete removal, secondary pollution and the lack ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.813898
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the first documented outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 1982, numerous publications have demonstrated or proposed putative components implicated in the pathogenesis of this gastrointestinal infection. Indeed, Escherichia coli O157:H7 pathogenesis is linked to several potential ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/713608014
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of many rapid detection technologies could be expanded if the bacteria were separated, concentrated, and purified from the sample matrix before detection. Specific advantages of bacterial concentration might include facilitating the detection of multiple bacterial strains; removal of matrix-associated assay in...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490266410
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) is a small protein that was first detected more than a decade ago in an enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain isolated from the stools of a diarrheic child. The EAST1 gene, astA, is not solely present in EAEC, but also in other categories of diarrh...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040-840291046687
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli can commonly be found, either as a commensal, probiotic or a pathogen, in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Biofilm formation and its regulation is surprisingly variable, although distinct regulatory pattern of red, dry and rough (rdar) biofilm formation arise in certain pathovars and even clones...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2017.1303660
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review followed from experiments suggesting that some fungi do not require calcium. It was found that many studies of a calcium requirement in microorganisms had assumed specificity for chelation agents such as EGTA and A23187, which the reagents did not possess. Early studies still cited today often preceded the...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419309113524
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous messenger that integrates many processes of the cell. Diverse families of adenylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases stringently regulate the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Any alteration in the cytosolic concentration of cAMP has a profound effect on the various processes of the cell. ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490468795
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a surface-exposed common 37-kilodalton multi-functional lipoprotein detected on all known serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This lipoprotein belongs to the ABC-type transport protein complex that transports Mn2+; it is also an adhesin that plays a major role in pneumococca...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410802275352
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pheromone is a chemical excreted by an organism into the environment that acts to elicit a specific response from other organisms of the same species. The importance of pheromones in the life cycle of various species of mammals, insects, and fungi is well known. In the past decade, it has become apparent that pherom...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418609108741
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was first described in 1978 and since that year over 2990 cases have been reported to the Communicable Disease Center. The estimated case-fatality rate is 5.6%. The disease is characterized by fever, hypotension, rash, desquamation, and involvement of at least three other organ systems. Appr...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418509104424
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00