Botulism diagnostics: from clinical symptoms to in vitro assays.

abstract：:Highly significant evidence of the intellectual and cultural efforts of the human race is contained in documents. They take many forms, from papyri through paper to modern magnetic media and optical records. These items are mainly made of organic materials many of which contain polymers, which span from cellulose and ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Cappitelli F,Sorlini C

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both coagulation and fibrinolysis are tightly connected with the innate immune system. Infection and inflammation cause profound alterations in the otherwise well-controlled balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Many pathogenic bacteria directly exploit the host's hemostatic system to increase their virulence....

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Peetermans M,Vanassche T,Liesenborghs L,Lijnen RH,Verhamme P

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The approach to this article will be the review of experimental developments achieved in recent years in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, ultrastructure, etc. and that have suggested models and hypothesis in order to understand the regulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in fungal differentiation...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： San-Blas G,San-Blas F

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Within Gram-positive bacteria, the expression of target genes is controlled at the population level via signaling peptides, also known as pheromones. Pheromones control a wide range of functions, including competence, virulence, and others that remain unknown. Until now, their role in bacterial gene regulation has pro...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Monnet V,Juillard V,Gardan R

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance of disease-related microorganisms is considered a worldwide prevalent and serious issue which increases the failure of treatment outcomes and leads to high mortality. Considering that the increased resistance to systemic antimicrobial therapy often needs of the use of more toxic agents, topica...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Lam PL,Lee KKH,Wong RSM,Cheng GYM,Bian ZX,Chui CH,Gambari R

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of marine microorganisms as potential biofactories for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a relatively new field of research with considerable prospects. This method is eco-friendly, time saving, and inexpensive and can be easily scaled up for large-scale synthesis. The increasing need to develop sim...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Manivasagan P,Nam SY,Oh J

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Aureobasidium spp. have been divided into three species, A. pullulans. A. leucospermi and A. proteae, and A. pullulans has been known to have five varieties. However, after analysis of many strains of this yeast isolated from different environments, they do not belong to any of the three species or the five ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Li Y,Chi Z,Wang GY,Wang ZP,Liu GL,Lee CF,Ma ZC,Chi ZM

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of many rapid detection technologies could be expanded if the bacteria were separated, concentrated, and purified from the sample matrix before detection. Specific advantages of bacterial concentration might include facilitating the detection of multiple bacterial strains; removal of matrix-associated assay in...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Stevens KA,Jaykus LA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renewed interest in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation as a route for industrial production of butanol has been evident since the oil crisis of the 1970s. The present review includes an historical recap of the traditional industrial process and culturing practices useful in maintaining viable solvent-produ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Awang GM,Jones GA,Ingledew WM

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a surface-exposed common 37-kilodalton multi-functional lipoprotein detected on all known serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This lipoprotein belongs to the ABC-type transport protein complex that transports Mn2+; it is also an adhesin that plays a major role in pneumococca...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Rajam G,Anderton JM,Carlone GM,Sampson JS,Ades EW

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous messenger that integrates many processes of the cell. Diverse families of adenylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases stringently regulate the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Any alteration in the cytosolic concentration of cAMP has a profound effect on the various processes of the cell. ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Ahuja N,Kumar P,Bhatnagar R

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are difficult technical problems inherent in verifying compliance to the Biological Weapons and Toxin Convention (BWC) that are making it difficult to reach international agreement on a verification protocol. A compliance regime will most likely involve the formation of an Organization for the Prevention of Biol...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Zilinskas RA

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Industrialisation has introduced several lifestyle changes and medical advancements but their impact on intestinal microbiota acquisition is often overlooked. Even though these consequential changes in the microbiota could contribute to the disease burden that accompanies industrialisation, such as obesity and atopic ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Van Daele E,Knol J,Belzer C

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The female genital tract is an intricate, yet balanced ecosystem that hosts a variety of different residential microflora. The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy may disrupt this balanced ecosystem and predispose women to a potentially pathogenic microbiota. Bacteria that are associated with bacterial v...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Redelinghuys MJ,Ehlers MM,Dreyer AW,Kock MM

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonorrhea is a major, global public health problem for which there is no vaccine. The continuing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains raises concerns that untreatable Neisseria gonorrhoeae may become widespread in the near future. Consequently, there is an urgent need for increased efforts towards the development...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Edwards JL,Jennings MP,Apicella MA,Seib KL

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first Alicyclobacillus spp. was isolated in 1982, and was originally thought to be strictly limited to thermophilic and acidic environments. Two years later, another Alicyclobacillus sp., A. acidoterrestris, was identified as the causative agent in spoilage of commercially pasteurized apple juice. Subsequent studi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Chang SS,Kang DH

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has emerged and constituted a global crisis, thereby novel antibiotics and other anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. However, the growing gap between clinical need and drug innovation, coupled with the membrane permeability barrier in Gram-negative bacteria r...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Liu Y,Li R,Xiao X,Wang Z

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacteria are endowed with substances that profoundly affect the immune system. Leprosy and tuberculosis exemplify broad spectra of useful and detrimental immune responses of mycobacterial infections that range from intense potentiation to severe specific adn nonspecific suppression of humoral and cellular immune e...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Chaparas SD

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanotechnology, the engineering and art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm), offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for treatment of surface water, groundwater, and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. Due to their unique activity toward re...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Theron J,Walker JA,Cloete TE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Giardia lamblia is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease giardiasis, against which only a limited number of drugs are currently available. Increasing reports of resistance to these drugs makes it necessary to identify new cellular targets for designing the next generation of anti-giardial drugs. Towards this go...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Ray A,Sarkar S

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis causing reproductive failures in livestock and a severe multi-organ disease in humans. The genus Brucella is divided into seven species and various biotypes differing in pathogenicity and host specificity. Although Brucella spp. represent a highly homogenous group of bacteria, RFLPs...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Al Dahouk S,Tomaso H,Prenger-Berninghoff E,Splettstoesser WD,Scholz HC,Neubauer H

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of a bicistronic operon, encoding a toxin and an antitoxin. They are widely distributed in the prokaryotic kingdom, often in multiple numbers. TAs are implicated in contradicting phenomena of persistence and programmed cell death (PCD) in bacteria. mazEF TA system, one of the widel...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Ramisetty BC,Natarajan B,Santhosh RS

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The numbers and diversity of microbes in ecosystems within and around us is unmatched, yet most of these microorganisms remain recalcitrant to in vitro cultivation. Various high-throughput molecular techniques, collectively termed multi-omics, provide insights into the genomic structure and metabolic potential as well...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Gutleben J,Chaib De Mares M,van Elsas JD,Smidt H,Overmann J,Sipkema D

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes having applications in human health with numerous biological activities and as a dietary supplement. It is used as a food supplement because of its richness in nutrients and digestibility. Many cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp, Anabaena sp, Nostoc sp, Os...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Raja R,Hemaiswarya S,Ganesan V,Carvalho IS

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dermatophytoses are superficial infections caused by a group of fungi, the dermatophytes, which invade keratinized tissue of skin, hair, and nails in humans and animals. The importance of normal immune function in resistance to dermatophytoses is substantiated by an increased susceptibility to chronic infection seen i...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Calderon RA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metal contamination has become a worldwide environmental concern due to its toxicity, non-degradability and food-chain bioaccumulation. Conventional physical and chemical treatment methods for heavy metal removal have disadvantages such as cost-intensiveness, incomplete removal, secondary pollution and the lack ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Li PS,Tao HC

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) is a small protein that was first detected more than a decade ago in an enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain isolated from the stools of a diarrheic child. The EAST1 gene, astA, is not solely present in EAEC, but also in other categories of diarrh...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Ménard LP,Dubreuil JD

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the first documented outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 1982, numerous publications have demonstrated or proposed putative components implicated in the pathogenesis of this gastrointestinal infection. Indeed, Escherichia coli O157:H7 pathogenesis is linked to several potential ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： LeBlanc JJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A pheromone is a chemical excreted by an organism into the environment that acts to elicit a specific response from other organisms of the same species. The importance of pheromones in the life cycle of various species of mammals, insects, and fungi is well known. In the past decade, it has become apparent that pherom...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Stephens K

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing emergence of antimicrobial multiresistant bacteria is of great concern to public health. While these bacteria are becoming an ever more prominent cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide, the antibiotic discovery pipeline has been stalled in the last few years with very few effort...

journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology

authors： Cardona ST,Selin C,Gislason AS

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00