Abstract:
:Highly significant evidence of the intellectual and cultural efforts of the human race is contained in documents. They take many forms, from papyri through paper to modern magnetic media and optical records. These items are mainly made of organic materials many of which contain polymers, which span from cellulose and its derivatives to synthetic resins. As with other manmade objects, however, documentary heritage is susceptible to chemical, physical, and biological damage. For the colonization and establishment of any biological community, the composition of materials used, their status of conservation, and environmental and climatic factors, such as temperature and humidity, are important elements to take into account. This article covers the scientific investigation of microbial degradation of documents, which is one of the most serious and underappreciated sources of damage to library and archival materials. In particular, although less known, modern records, including compact discs, are also subjected to biodeterioration. Archival and library material preservation broadly encompasses those activities and functions designed to produce a suitable and safe environment that extends the life of collections in useable condition for as long as is feasible. In the literature quoted, key information is also provided to avoid or limit microbial growth and some conservation treatments are also reported.
journal_name
Crit Rev Microbioljournal_title
Critical reviews in microbiologyauthors
Cappitelli F,Sorlini Cdoi
10.1080/10408410490884766keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-10issue
1eissn
1040-841Xissn
1549-7828journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was first described in 1978 and since that year over 2990 cases have been reported to the Communicable Disease Center. The estimated case-fatality rate is 5.6%. The disease is characterized by fever, hypotension, rash, desquamation, and involvement of at least three other organ systems. Appr...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418509104424
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-cells play an important role in immunity but when these cells are overexposed to specific antigens, their function may decline. This state is usually referred to as exhaustion and the T-cells show reduced proliferation and functions such as cytokine release. T-cell exhaustion has been observed in several cancers as ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2016.1185603
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resuscitation promoting factors (Rpf) are peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing enzymes that are pivotal in the resuscitation of quiescent actinobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From the published data, it is clear that Rpf are required for the resuscitation of non-replicating bacilli and pathogenesis in murine infe...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2017.1283485
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of serum complement to kill bacteria has been linked to host resistance to Gram-negative bacteria. A mechanism for killing extracellular organisms during early invasion, following release from infected phagocytic cells, or during bacteremia would contribute to a host's ability to resist disease. In fact, t...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419509113538
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipases are esterases able to hydrolyze water-insoluble esters such as long-chain triglycerides. These enzymes also catalyze the formation of esters (esterification) and the exchange of ester bonds (transesterification) when present in nonaqueous media. Lipases display a high degree of specificity and enantioselectivi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419409113549
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial populations that are exposed to rapidly changing and sometimes hostile environments constantly switch between growth, survival, and death. Understanding bacterial survival and death are therefore cornerstones in a full comprehension of microbial life. During the last few years, new insights have emerged rega...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490884757
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) is a small protein that was first detected more than a decade ago in an enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain isolated from the stools of a diarrheic child. The EAST1 gene, astA, is not solely present in EAEC, but also in other categories of diarrh...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040-840291046687
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Re-emergence of resistance in different pathogens including viruses are the major cause of human disease and death, which is posing a serious challenge to the medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors. Though many efforts have been made to develop drug and vaccines against re-emerging viruses, researchers a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.879849
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Giardia lamblia is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease giardiasis, against which only a limited number of drugs are currently available. Increasing reports of resistance to these drugs makes it necessary to identify new cellular targets for designing the next generation of anti-giardial drugs. Towards this go...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2016.1262814
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of marine microorganisms as potential biofactories for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a relatively new field of research with considerable prospects. This method is eco-friendly, time saving, and inexpensive and can be easily scaled up for large-scale synthesis. The increasing need to develop sim...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2015.1137860
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing emergence of antimicrobial multiresistant bacteria is of great concern to public health. While these bacteria are becoming an ever more prominent cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide, the antibiotic discovery pipeline has been stalled in the last few years with very few effort...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.866073
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogens in soil play a tremendous role in soil health and subsequent food production. Soil-borne pathogens can cause serious losses to global harvest and are considered as a difficult problem to manage worldwide. The emergence of soil disease is largely dependent on the pathogen-host-environment complex, which can b...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2019.1700906
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is an important phytopathogenic fungus, infecting a large number of plant species and surviving for up to 15 years in the soil as a saprophyte. Although considerable research related to the biology and ecology of Macrophomina has been conducted, it continues to cause huge economic...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2011.640977
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Aureobasidium spp. have been divided into three species, A. pullulans. A. leucospermi and A. proteae, and A. pullulans has been known to have five varieties. However, after analysis of many strains of this yeast isolated from different environments, they do not belong to any of the three species or the five ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.826176
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbially synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) hold great potential for biomedical, clinical, and environmental applications owing to their several unique features. Biomineralization, a process that exists in almost every living organism playing a significant role in the fabrication of FeONPs through the in...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2019.1593101
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial cell cycle is simpler and different than that of the typical eukaryotic cell cycle. The selective pressure during evolution has been directed to achieve optimal growth of the individual free-living microbial cell instead of a variety of replication rates of the differentiated cell within an entire multic...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/20014091096756
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous messenger that integrates many processes of the cell. Diverse families of adenylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases stringently regulate the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Any alteration in the cytosolic concentration of cAMP has a profound effect on the various processes of the cell. ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490468795
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a surface-exposed common 37-kilodalton multi-functional lipoprotein detected on all known serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This lipoprotein belongs to the ABC-type transport protein complex that transports Mn2+; it is also an adhesin that plays a major role in pneumococca...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410802275352
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are difficult technical problems inherent in verifying compliance to the Biological Weapons and Toxin Convention (BWC) that are making it difficult to reach international agreement on a verification protocol. A compliance regime will most likely involve the formation of an Organization for the Prevention of Biol...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408419891294262
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pheromone is a chemical excreted by an organism into the environment that acts to elicit a specific response from other organisms of the same species. The importance of pheromones in the life cycle of various species of mammals, insects, and fungi is well known. In the past decade, it has become apparent that pherom...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418609108741
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has emerged and constituted a global crisis, thereby novel antibiotics and other anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. However, the growing gap between clinical need and drug innovation, coupled with the membrane permeability barrier in Gram-negative bacteria r...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1040841X.2019.1599813
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbiology of meats has been a subject of great concern in food science and public health in recent years. Although many articles have been devoted to the microbiology of beef, pork, and poultry meats, much less has been written about microbiology of lamb meat and even less on restructured lamb meat. This article pr...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408419509113533
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of successive generations of beta-lactams has selected successive generations of beta-lactamases including CTX-M ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamases, and KPC carbapenamases in Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, this cephalosporin resistance, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, is now driving the use of carbap...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410902733979
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mycobacteria, iron dependent transcription regulator (IdeR) regulates transcription of genes in response to iron levels. The IdeR regulated genes have been investigated mostly in M. tuberculosis, M. smegmatis, and in few of the other related species. Recent advances in crystal structure solution and computational a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410600709768
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both coagulation and fibrinolysis are tightly connected with the innate immune system. Infection and inflammation cause profound alterations in the otherwise well-controlled balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Many pathogenic bacteria directly exploit the host's hemostatic system to increase their virulence....
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2015.1080214
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The female genital tract is an intricate, yet balanced ecosystem that hosts a variety of different residential microflora. The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy may disrupt this balanced ecosystem and predispose women to a potentially pathogenic microbiota. Bacteria that are associated with bacterial v...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.954522
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urease activity is a physiological function of many bacteria that enables these organisms to utilize urea as a source of nitrogen. The association of ureolytic bacteria with human or animal hosts varies widely from a commensal relationship as demonstrated with skin microflora, a symbiotic relationship in the gastroint...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408418809104467
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The environmental health-related relevance of cyanobacteria is primarily related to their ability to produce a wide range of toxins, which are known to be hazardous to many organisms, including human beings. The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms has been related to eutrophic surface water. In the bloom-forming proce...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410600822934
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first Alicyclobacillus spp. was isolated in 1982, and was originally thought to be strictly limited to thermophilic and acidic environments. Two years later, another Alicyclobacillus sp., A. acidoterrestris, was identified as the causative agent in spoilage of commercially pasteurized apple juice. Subsequent studi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408410490435089
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The agriculture industry is in need of novel biopesticides and development of large-scale production of mycopesticide, either fungal cells themselves or cell-free fungal components. The identification of a fungal strain with pesticide activity, and its improvement, is the primary step in developing infective propagule...
journal_title:Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408419991299220
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00