Abstract:
:Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is an important biocontrol agent for the codling moth (CM) in organic and integrated apple production worldwide. Previously, Z chromosome-linked dominant resistance in at least 38 CM field populations in Europe was reported, threatening organic apple production. Growers responded by switching to a different resistance-breaking isolate of CpGV that could control these populations. Here, we report a nonuniform response of different CM field populations to CpGV isolates from CpGV genome groups A to E. Even more strikingly, one field population, NRW-WE, was resistant to all known CpGV genome groups except group B. Single-pair crossing experiments with a susceptible strain, followed by resistance testing of the F1 offspring, clearly indicated cross-resistance to CpGV isolates that had been considered to be resistance breaking. This finding provides clear evidence of a second, broader type of CpGV resistance with a novel mode of inheritance that cannot be fully explained by Z-linkage of resistance. IMPORTANCE:CpGV is registered and used in virtually all commercial apple growing areas worldwide and is therefore the most widely used baculovirus biocontrol agent. Recently, resistance to CpGV products was reported in different countries in Europe, threatening organic growers who rely almost exclusively on CpGV products. This resistance appeared to be targeted against a 24-bp repeat in the pe38 gene in isolate CpGV-M of genome group A, which had been used commercially for many years. On the other hand, resistance could be broken by CpGV isolates from CpGV genome groups B to E. Here, we report clear evidence of a second type of field resistance that is also directed against resistance-breaking isolates of CpGV genome groups C, D, and E and which appears not to be targeted against CpGV pe38 Therefore, we propose to differentiate between type I resistance, which is targeted against pe38 of CpGV genome group A, and a novel type II resistance with an unknown molecular target. This finding stresses the need for further adoption of resistance management strategies for CpGV, since growers cannot rely solely on the use of resistance-breaking CpGV isolates.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Jehle JA,Schulze-Bopp S,Undorf-Spahn K,Fritsch Edoi
10.1128/AEM.02330-16subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-30 00:00:00issue
2eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.02330-16journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were isolated from four species of cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae UTEX 1444. A. cylindrica, Oscillatoria tenuis, and O. brevis) frequently occurring in drinking-water supplies. The cyanobacterial LPS contained glucose, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose, but differed from the LPS derived from ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.104-109.1982
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abstract::A single gene (xylB) encoding both beta-D-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) activities was identified and sequenced from the ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. The xylB gene consists of a 1.551-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 517 amino acids. A subclone containing a ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.4.1227-1234.1991
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abstract::Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum 39E produced a cell-bound cyclodextrin (CD)-degrading enzyme (cyclodextrinase). It was partially purified 205-fold (specific activity, 14.5 U/mg of protein) by solubilizing with Triton X-100, ammonium sulfate treatment, and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The enzyme activi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.9.2941-2943.1990
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.10.3718-3723.1998
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.2.547-551.1993
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.1.203-207.1998
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1128/AEM.41.2.511-517.1981
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.31.5.680-684.1976
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is a recognized and common gastrointestinal pathogen in most parts of the world. Human infections are often food borne, and the bacterium is frequent among poultry and other food animals. However, much less is known about the epidemiology of C. jejuni in the environment and what mechanisms the bac...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1128/AEM.58.9.3067-3071.1992
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.9.4163-4170.1999
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.40.4.798-802.1980
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rare strain of Clostridium botulinum subtype Ab was isolated from a canned macrobiotic food suspected of being linked to a fatal case of food-borne botulism. The strain was recovered and identified by conventional methods modified by the inclusion of a PCR assay (G. Franciosa, J.L. Ferreira, and C.L. Hatheway, J. Cl...
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.5.1378-1385.1990
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.5.1300-1301.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.11.2825-2832.1988
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00