Abstract:
:A single gene (xylB) encoding both beta-D-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) activities was identified and sequenced from the ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. The xylB gene consists of a 1.551-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 517 amino acids. A subclone containing a 1.843-bp DNA fragment retained both enzymatic activities. Insertion of a 10-bp NotI linker into the EcoRV site within the central region of this ORF abolished both activities. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cytoplasmic proteins from recombinant Escherichia coli confirmed the presence of a 60,000-molecular-weight protein in active subclones and the absence of this protein in subclones lacking activity. With p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside as substrates, the specific activity of arabinosidase was found to be approximately 1.6-fold higher than that of xylosidase. The deduced amino acid sequence of the xylB gene product did not exhibit a high degree of identity with other xylan-degrading enzymes or glycosidases. The xylB gene was located between two incomplete ORFs within the 4,200-bp region which was sequenced. No sequences resembling terminators were found within this region, and these three genes are proposed to be part of a single operon. Based on comparison with other glycosidases, a conserved region was identified in the carboxyl end of the translated xylB gene which is similar to that of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Utt EA,Eddy CK,Keshav KF,Ingram LOdoi
10.1128/AEM.57.4.1227-1234.1991subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-04-01 00:00:00pages
1227-34issue
4eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Populations of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) may serve as an environmental reservoir of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia sp. cysts for source water. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of and associated demographic and environmental risk factors for the shedding of C. parvum oocysts an...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.10.3946-3949.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of viruses in marine microbial ecology has been established over the past decade. Specifically, viruses influence bacterial abundance and community composition through lysis and alter bacterial genetic diversity through transduction and lysogenic conversion. By contrast, the abundance and distribution o...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.6.3119-3125.2005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The luxS gene of Lactobacillus reuteri 100-23C was amplified by PCR, cloned, and then sequenced. To define a physiological and ecological role for the luxS gene in L. reuteri 100-23C, a luxS mutant was constructed by insertional mutagenesis. The luxS mutant did not produce autoinducers AI-2 or AI-3. Complementation of...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8419-8425.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The factor in normal sera primarily responsible for the enhancement of transfection (and transformation) of Staphylococcus aureus was identified as fibronectin. Serum samples which were depleted of fibronectin by affinity chromatography showed a marked decrease in enhancing activity. Fibronectin isolated from sera of ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.5.1315-1318.1985
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrification, the aerobic oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, has been suggested to have been a central part of the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle since the oxygenation of Earth. The cultivation of several ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) as well as the discovery that archaeal ammonia monooxygenase (amo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/AEM.01960-12
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of sublethal concentrations of a variety of chemicals on the susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles to Saprolegnia parasitica infection was examined. Sublethal concentrations of un-ionized ammonia (0.05 mg/liter) and nitrite (0.12 mg/liter) increased fish susceptibility after 10 da...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.6.1813-1816.1991
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of mesophilic, methanogenic bacteria were isolated in pure culture from anaerobic freshwater and marine mud with 2-propanol as the hydrogen donor. The freshwater strain (SK) was a Methanospirillum species, the marine, salt-requiring strain (CV), which had irregular coccoid cells, resembled Methanogenium sp. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.51.5.1056-1062.1986
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a specialized secretion apparatus that is commonly used by many plant and animal pathogenic bacteria to deliver proteins, termed effectors, to the interior of the host cells. These effectors suppress host defenses and interfere with signal transduction pathways to promote infect...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02770-16
更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two different DNA fragments, one of 2.9 kilobases and the other of 5.1 kilobases, were cloned from Phytophthora citrophthora and showed no homology with DNA from plants and other related fungi. These DNA probes hybridized with DNA from 12 different P. citrophthora isolates obtained from a variety of hosts but did not ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.3.669-674.1990
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dynamic control of gene expression is important for adjusting fluxes in order to obtain desired products and achieve appropriate cell growth, particularly when the synthesis of a desired product drains metabolites required for cell growth. For dynamic gene expression, a promoter responsive to a particular environm...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03222-16
更新日期:2017-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Opaque and translucent morphotypes of a TnphoA-containing strain of Vibrio vulnificus were fed to oysters, which were subsequently stored at temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 22 degrees C for 10 days. Samples of oysters were homogenized and plated at intervals to determine the cell density of V. vulnificus and total ae...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.9.2771-2775.1992
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.51.6.1352-1354.1986
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most widely used lactic acid bacteria in the dairy industry, in particular in yoghurt manufacture, where it is associated with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. This bacterial association, known as a proto-cooperation, is poorly documented at the molecular and regula...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01984-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::rRNA internal transcribed spacer phylogeny showed that Chesapeake Bay is populated with diverse Synechococcus strains, including members of the poorly studied marine cluster B. Marine cluster B prevailed in the upper bay, while marine cluster A was common in the lower bay. Interestingly, marine cluster B Synechococcus...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.3.2239-2243.2006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.5.1265-1269.1985
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conversion of ochratoxin C to ochratoxin A was studied in rats after oral and intravenous administration. The concentration of ochratoxin A in the blood as a function of time was the same after oral administration of equivalent amounts of either ochratoxin C or ochratoxin A. The maximum ochratoxin A concentrations...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.48.1.41-42.1984
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A soy sauce koji mold, Aspergillus flavus var. columnaris Raper and Fennel (ATCC 44310), was treated with UV irradiation to obtain mutant strains possessing high protease activities, high amylase activities, and light-colored conidia. Selected mutant strains were tested for toxicity, and some were found acutely toxic ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.8.1980-1982.1987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the potential for bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer in the marine environment, we established transduction systems by using marine phage host isolates. Plasmid pQSR50, which contains transposon Tn5 and encodes kanamycin and streptomycin resistance, was used in plasmid transduction assays. Both marine b...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.8.2780-2787.1998
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The isoamylase gene from Flavobacterium odoratum KU was cloned into and expressed in Escherichia coli JM109. The promoter of the gene was successful in E. coli, and the enzyme produced was excreted into the culture medium, depending on the amount of the enzyme expressed. The enzyme found in the culture medium showed a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.9.4163-4170.1999
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are thought to contribute significantly to N2O production and methane oxidation in soils. Most of our knowledge derives from experiments with Nitrosomonas europaea, which appears to be of minor importance in most soils compared to Nitrosospira spp. We have conducted a comparative study...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.6.2679-2684.1999
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella enterica contamination in foods is a significant concern for public health. When DNA detection methods are used for analysis of foods, one of the major concerns is false-positive results from the detection of dead cells. To circumvent this crucial issue, a TaqMan quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assa...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02686-08
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 221 strains of Lactobacillus isolated from meat and meat products were screened for antagonistic activities under conditions that eliminated the effects of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide. Nineteen strains of Lactobacillus sake, three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, and one strain of Lactobacillus c...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.8.1901-1906.1989
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Culture-independent (PCR with Crenarchaeota-specific primers and subsequent denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and culture-dependent approaches were used to study the diversity of Crenarchaeota in terrestrial hot springs of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Lake Baikal region (Russia) and of Iceland. Among the phy...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00972-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For PCR detection of Coxiella burnetii in various clinical specimens we developed a sample preparation method in which silica binding of DNA was used. This method was found to be fast, easily performed with large numbers of samples, and equally sensitive for all of the specimens tested (livers, spleens, placentas, hea...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.11.4234-4237.1998
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stored sugarbeet roots began fermenting within 24 h after oxygen was depleted at 26 C when the resident bacterial populations increased dramatically. Most of the bacteria present after anaerobic storage for 7 days at 26 C could hydrolyze sucrose in vitro. Although pH and sucrose levels decreased and invert sugar level...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.31.5.754-757.1976
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we present a new bioluminescent test system for the screening of chemical compounds with an inhibitory effect on protein synthesis. The test is based on the measurement of real-time in vivo light production by Escherichia coli strains expressing different luciferase genes. The eukaryotic lucGR gene fr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.8.2981-2989.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of silicic acid on the growth of Thermus thermophilus TMY, an extreme thermophile isolated from a siliceous deposit formed from geothermal water at a geothermal power plant in Japan, were examined at 75 degrees C. At concentrations higher than the solubility of amorphous silica (400 to 700 ppm SiO(2)), a s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02387-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Searles Lake occupies a closed basin harboring salt-saturated, alkaline brines that have exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic oxyanions. Strain SLAS-1(T) was previously isolated from Searles Lake (R. S. Oremland, T. R. Kulp, J. Switzer Blum, S. E. Hoeft, S. Baesman, L. G. Miller, and J. F. Stolz, Science 308:1...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02614-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) decarboxylase, malonyl-CoA synthetase, and malonate transporter mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and trifolii fixed N2 at wild-type rates on pea and clover, respectively. Thus, malonate does not drive N2 fixation in legume nodules. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00919-13
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO(2) over a time period of approximately 20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm (OD(540)s) in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The resultin...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.1728-1734.2002
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00