Abstract:
:Nitrification, the aerobic oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, has been suggested to have been a central part of the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle since the oxygenation of Earth. The cultivation of several ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) as well as the discovery that archaeal ammonia monooxygenase (amo)-like gene sequences are nearly ubiquitously distributed in the environment and outnumber their bacterial counterparts in many habitats fundamentally revised our understanding of nitrification. Surprising insights into the physiological distinctiveness of AOA are mirrored by the recognition of the phylogenetic uniqueness of these microbes, which fall within a novel archaeal phylum now known as Thaumarchaeota. The relative importance of AOA in nitrification, compared to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), is still under debate. This minireview provides a synopsis of our current knowledge of the diversity and physiology of AOA, the factors controlling their ecology, and their role in carbon cycling as well as their potential involvement in the production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. It emphasizes the importance of activity-based analyses in AOA studies and formulates priorities for future research.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Hatzenpichler Rdoi
10.1128/AEM.01960-12subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-01 00:00:00pages
7501-10issue
21eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.01960-12journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Simian rotavirus SA-11 was concentrated from tap water by adsorption to and elution from microporous filters, followed by organic flocculation. Two types of filters were compared for their ability to concentrate the virus. Both Zeta Plus 60S and Cox AA type M-780 filters were efficient for virus adsorption, but the ef...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.3.850-855.1983
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity of the methanotrophic community in mildly acidic landfill cover soil was assessed by three methods: two culture-independent molecular approaches and a traditional culture-based approach. For the first of the molecular studies, two primer pairs specific for the 16S rRNA gene of validly published type I (i...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.11.4887-4897.1999
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been assumed that prolonged holding of environmental samples at the ambient air temperature prior to bacteriological analysis is detrimental to isolation and detection of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of pandemic cholera. The present study was aimed at understanding the effect of transporting enviro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.3.2185-2190.2006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria forming light-organ symbiosis with deep-sea chlorophthalmid fishes (Aulopiformes: Chlorophthalmidae) are considered to belong to the species Photobacterium phosphoreum. The identification of these bacteria as P. phosphoreum, however, was based exclusively on phenotypic traits, which may not discriminate betwe...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.2.930-939.2005
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pure nonhydrolyzed inulin was directly converted to ethanol in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. An inulinase-hyperproducing mutant, Aspergillus niger 817, was grown in a submerged culture at 30 degrees C for 5 days. The inulin-digestive liquid culture (150 ml) was supplemented with 45 g of inu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.3.729-733.1993
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Vibrio species that infect humans, fish, and shellfish were developed for application in rapid identifications. The pathogens included Vibrio alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. carchariae, V. cholerae, V. damsela, V. furnissii, V. harveyi, V. ordalii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vul...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.11.3694-3700.1992
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a tool for controlled expression of heterologous or ectopic genes in the chestnut pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica using the promoter region from a putative copper-regulated transporter gene. In addition, we have found that expression control via this system is not affected by the virulence-attenuat...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00899-09
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An aminopeptidase was purified from cell extracts of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM2 by ion-exchange chromatography. After electrophoresis of the purified enzyme in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, one protein band was detected. The enzyme was a 300-kilodalton hexamer composed of identical sub...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.9.2308-2314.1989
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding a novel 5-oxoprolinase without ATP-hydrolyzing activity from Alcaligenes faecalis N-38A was cloned and characterized. The coding region of this gene is 1,299 bp long. The predicted primary protein is composed of 433 amino acid residues, with a 31-amino-acid signal peptide. The mature protein is compo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.8.3201-3205.2000
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of ecological diversity with genetic and experimental tractability makes Drosophila a powerful model for the study of animal-associated microbial communities. Despite the known importance of yeasts in Drosophila physiology, behavior, and fitness, most recent work has focused on Drosophila-bacterial int...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01741-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laying hens were individually caged at 20 weeks of age and tested for fecal excretion of Campylobacter jejuni (minimum level of detection was 100 cfu/g) during a 42-week period. Peak rates of C. jejuni isolation (approximately 25% of hens positive) occurred at two different times, in October and in late April to early...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.3.533-536.1984
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of the fate and transport of biological warfare (BW) agents in landfills requires the development of specific and sensitive detection assays. The objective of the current study was to develop and validate SYBR green quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) assays for the specific detection and quantification of s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00779-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization probes were developed to complement specific regions of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences of cultivated and uncultivated cyanobacteria and Chloroflexus-like bacteria, which inhabit hot spring microbial mats. The probes were used to investigate the natural distribution of SSU rRN...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.2.697-704.1994
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactobacillus species normally found in the intestinal tract of humans varied in the ability to deconjugate bile acids, whereas laboratory strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus deconjugated both glycocholate and taurocholate. All isolates of L. acidophilus from human feces deconjugated taurocholate, whereas only one of...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.33.1.15-18.1977
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patulin production by Penicillium griseofulvum was monitored with Sep-Pak cartridges and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Determination and quantification of this metabolite proved to be very simple, and our method saved time and a large amount of organic solvents. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.51.1.209-210.1986
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chlorine resistance of cysts of the flagellate protozoan Giardia muris was examined. This organism, which is pathogenic to mice, is being considered as a model for the inactivation of the human pathogen Giardia lamblia. Excystation was used as the criterion for cyst viability. Experiments were performed at pH 5, 7...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.7.1448-1453.1987
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gibberellins (GAs) are tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones that were first identified as secondary metabolites of the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph, Gibberella fujikuroi). GAs were also found in the cassava pathogen Sphaceloma manihoticola, but the spectrum of GAs differed from that in F. fujikuroi. In contr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00694-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon-starved cultures of strain Ant-300, a psychrophilic marine vibrio isolated from the Antarctic Convergence, were compared with their nonstarved counterparts for resistance to heat. Specifically, starved and unstarved cells were exposed to 17 degrees C, which is 4 degrees C above the maximum growth temperature, a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.8.2653-2656.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To identify genes that are important for class IIa bacteriocin interaction and resistance in Listeria species, transposon Tn917 knockout libraries were constructed for Listeria innocua strain Lin11 and screened for mutants that are resistant to pediocin AcH. A highly resistant mutant (G7) (MIC > 20 microg/ml; 1,000-fo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1283-1290.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.06341-11
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.5.1214-1219.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio cholerae identification based on molecular sequence data has been hampered by a lack of sequence variation from the closely related Vibrio mimicus. The two species share many genes coding for proteins, such as ctxAB, and show almost identical 16S DNA coding for rRNA (rDNA) sequences. Primers targeting conserved...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.5.2202-2208.1999
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports on an emerging fungal disease of the edible crab, Cancer pagurus. Juvenile (prerecruit) crabs were found to be subject to this disease condition during the months of May to September at two intertidal sites in South Wales, United Kingdom. Histopathology revealed that the fungi overwhelm the host res...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02945-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cellulosome-microbe complex was assembled ex vivo on the surface of Bacillus subtilis displaying a miniscaffoldin that can bind with three dockerin-containing cellulase components: the endoglucanase Cel5, the processive endoglucanase Cel9, and the cellobiohydrolase Cel48. The hydrolysis performances of the synthetic...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.07138-11
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two different DNA fragments, one of 2.9 kilobases and the other of 5.1 kilobases, were cloned from Phytophthora citrophthora and showed no homology with DNA from plants and other related fungi. These DNA probes hybridized with DNA from 12 different P. citrophthora isolates obtained from a variety of hosts but did not ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.3.669-674.1990
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymatic activities that could be involved in methanethiol generation in five cheese-ripening bacteria were assayed, and the major sulfur compounds produced were identified. L-Methionine and alpha-keto-gamma-methyl-thio-butyric acid demethiolating activities were detected in whole cells and cell extracts (CFEs) of al...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.12.5514-5517.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here the cloning and sequencing of the gene for proline dehydrogenase (putA) of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. An open reading frame coding for 1,016 amino acids was identified. The B. japonicum gene codes for a bifunctional protein with proline dehydrogenase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase activi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.1.221-229.1996
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile causes a potentially fatal diarrheal disease through the production of its principal virulence factors, toxin A and toxin B. The tcdC gene is thought to encode a negative regulator of toxin production. Therefore, increased toxin production, and hence increased virulence, is often inferred in stra...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00249-12
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive NH(3) production in the rumen is a major nutritional inefficiency in ruminant animals. Experiments were undertaken to compare the rates of NH(3) production from different substrates in ruminal fluid in vitro and to assess the role of asaccharolytic bacteria in NH(3) production. Ruminal fluid was taken from f...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.10.4925-4931.2002
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of more than 400 bacteria isolated from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), 89 have previously been shown to inhibit the in vitro growth of the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of seven of these strains, as well as of intestinal isolates (four strains) from a c...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.2.551-556.1992
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00