Abstract:
:The importance of viruses in marine microbial ecology has been established over the past decade. Specifically, viruses influence bacterial abundance and community composition through lysis and alter bacterial genetic diversity through transduction and lysogenic conversion. By contrast, the abundance and distribution of viruses in soils are almost completely unknown. This study describes the abundance and diversity of autochthonous viruses in six Delaware soils: two agricultural soils, two coastal plain forest soils, and two piedmont forest soils. Viral abundance was measured using epifluorescence microscopy, while viral diversity was assessed from morphological data obtained through transmission electron microscopy. Extracted soil virus communities were dominated by bacteriophages that demonstrated a wide range of capsid diameters (20 nm to 160 nm) and morphologies, including filamentous forms and phages with elongated capsids. The reciprocal Simpson's index suggests that forest soils harbor more diverse assemblages of viruses, particularly in terms of morphological distribution. Repeated extractions of virus-like particles (VLPs) from soils indicated that the initial round of extraction removes approximately 70% of extractable viruses. Higher VLP abundances were observed in forest soils (1.31 x 10(9) to 4.17 x 10(9) g(-1) dry weight) than in agricultural soils (8.7 x 10(8) to 1.1 x 10(9) g(-1) dry weight). Soil VLP abundance was significantly correlated to moisture content (r = 0.988) but not to soil texture. Land use (agricultural or forested) was significantly correlated to both bacterial (r = 0.885) and viral (r = 0.812) abundances, as were soil organic matter and water content. Thus, land use is a significant factor influencing viral abundance and diversity in soils.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Williamson KE,Radosevich M,Wommack KEdoi
10.1128/AEM.71.6.3119-3125.2005keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
3119-25issue
6eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
71/6/3119journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Studies of time-dependent drug and environmental effects on single, live bacterial cells would benefit significantly from a permeable, nonperturbative, long-lived fluorescent stain specific to the nucleoids (chromosomal DNA). The ideal stain would not affect cell growth rate or nucleoid morphology and dynamics, even d...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00989-14
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azotobacter vinelandii selectively utilizes three types of nitrogenase (molybdenum, vanadium, and iron only) to fix N2, with their expression regulated by the presence or absence of different metal cofactors in its environment. Each alternative nitrogenase isoenzyme is predicted to have different electron flux require...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01208-18
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterioplankton are fundamental components of marine ecosystems and influence the entire biosphere by contributing to the global biogeochemical cycles of key elements. Yet, there is a significant gap in knowledge about their diversity and specific activities, as well as environmental factors that shape their communit...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00494-17
更新日期:2017-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Although the mature dental biofilm composition is well studied, there is very little information on the earliest phase of in vivo tooth colonization. Progress in dental biofilm collection methodologies and techniques of large-scale microbial identification have made new studies in this field of oral biology feasible. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03984-15
更新日期:2016-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Many insects are associated with heritable symbionts that mediate ecological interactions, including host protection against natural enemies. The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, is a polyphagous pest that harbors Hamiltonella defensa, which defends against parasitic wasps. Despite this protective benefit, this symbion...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01775-14
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of methanogenesis in refuse occurs under high volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and low pH (5.5 to 6.25), which generally are reported to inhibit methanogenic Archaea. One hypothesized mechanism for the initiation of methanogenesis in refuse decomposition is the presence of pH-neutral niches withi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02349-10
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The luxS gene of Lactobacillus reuteri 100-23C was amplified by PCR, cloned, and then sequenced. To define a physiological and ecological role for the luxS gene in L. reuteri 100-23C, a luxS mutant was constructed by insertional mutagenesis. The luxS mutant did not produce autoinducers AI-2 or AI-3. Complementation of...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8419-8425.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tn5 insertion mutants of a soil isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1, were selected for decreased ability to adhere to quartz sand in a column assay. Three adhesion-deficient mutants that differed in the location of the Tn5 insertion in the chromosome were isolated and compared with the wild-type strain. One mutant,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.7.2637-2642.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fermentation of the pentose sugar xylose to ethanol in lignocellulosic biomass would make bioethanol production economically more competitive. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an efficient ethanol producer, can utilize xylose only when expressing the heterologous genes XYL1 (xylose reductase) and XYL2 (xylitol dehydrogenase)...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.67.9.4249-4255.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ruminal fluid from sheep fed hay plus concentrate diets containing 1.8% urea, 6% casein, or 6% egg albumin had proteolytic activities of 4.12, 3.02, or 4.00 mg of [14C]casein hydrolyzed ml-1 h-1, respectively. Dietary albumin had no effect on the rate of albumin breakdown relative to that of casein (0.06). Greater num...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.4.751-753.1987
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of antibiotic production on rhizosphere microbial communities of field-grown Phaseolus vulgaris were assessed by using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Inoculum strains of Rhizobium etli CE3 differing only in trifolitoxin production were used. Trifolitoxin production dramatically reduced the diversity...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.12.5020-5022.1998
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A competitive PCR technique was used to enumerate the proteolytic bacterium Clostridium proteoclasticum from the rumen. A PCR primer, which circumscribes this organism and several closely related strains, was designed for a variable region within their 16S rRNA genes and was used in conjunction with a universal forwar...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.3.907-913.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to identify antifungal compounds from natural sources to be used as ingredients in the bakery industry, water/salt-soluble extracts (WSE) from different legume flour hydrolysates obtained by the use of a fungal protease were assayed against Penicillium roqueforti DPPMAF1. The agar diffusion assays allowed the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.04088-14
更新日期:2015-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to identify genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 important for adsorption of the 936-species phages bIL170 and phi 645, respectively. Random insertional mutagenesis of the two L. lactis strains was carried out with the vector pGh9:ISS1, an...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.10.5825-5832.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic deoxyoligonucleotide probes that hybridized against the region at positions 455 through 480 of 16S rRNA were developed for the identification of all five Xenorhabdus species. Sequence variation in the respective rRNA region between two strains of Xenorhabdus luminescens in addition allowed the construction o...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.1.181-186.1990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection has been increasing; however, the sources of infection remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of meat as a possible mediator of CA-MRSA infection. We examined the distribution of MRSA strains in comm...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.07470-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Raman spectroscopy and phase-contrast microscopy were used to examine calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA) levels and rates of nutrient and nonnutrient germination of multiple individual Bacillus subtilis spores treated with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Major results for this work include the following: (i) >5 log...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01669-16
更新日期:2016-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::AbiV is an abortive infection protein that inhibits the lytic cycle of several virulent phages infecting Lactococcus lactis, while a mutation in the phage gene sav confers insensitivity to AbiV. In this study, we have further characterized the effects of the bacterial AbiV and its interaction with the phage p2 protein...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00093-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome c(3) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F was successfully expressed in the facultative aerobe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 under anaerobic, microaerophilic, and aerobic conditions, with yields of 0.3 to 0.5 mg of cytochrome/g of cells. A derivative of the broad-host-range plasmid pRK415 containing the cyto...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.9.4168-4171.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primers obtained from gene sequences coding for heat shock proteins (HSP) were used to specifically detect enteric protozoans of the genus Giardia. The HSP primers amplified Giardia DNA or the corresponding RNA sequences obtained from lysed cysts and gave a 163-bp product. Since the presence of the product did not ind...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.1.324-328.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The minimal nutritional growth requirements were determined for strains Okra B and Iwanai E, which are representatives of groups I and II, respectively, of Clostridium botulinum. These type B and E strains differed considerably in their nutrient requirements. The organic growth factors required in high concentrations ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.3.753-759.1988
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enterococcus faecalis encodes a biotin-dependent oxaloacetate decarboxylase (OAD), which is constituted by four subunits: E. faecalis carboxyltransferase subunit OadA (termed Ef-A), membrane pump Ef-B, biotin acceptor protein Ef-D, and the novel subunit Ef-H. Our results show that in E. faecalis, subunits Ef-A, Ef-D, ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03980-12
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Europe, ixodid ticks are important arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens, but comprehensive studies of the prevalence of all relevant pathogens in Central Europe are scarce. As a result of ecological changes, the incidences of tick-borne infections are expected to increase. In this study, 1,394 nymphal an...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03061-09
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work describes the purification and characterization of propionicin F, the first bacteriocin isolated from Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The bacteriocin has a bactericidal activity and is only active against strains of P. freudenreichii. Propionicin F appears to be formed through a processing pathway new to b...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.12.7303-7310.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two different DNA fragments, one of 2.9 kilobases and the other of 5.1 kilobases, were cloned from Phytophthora citrophthora and showed no homology with DNA from plants and other related fungi. These DNA probes hybridized with DNA from 12 different P. citrophthora isolates obtained from a variety of hosts but did not ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.3.669-674.1990
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the rapid lysis of Listeria cells, employing a recombinant Listeria bacteriophage A118 lytic enzyme (PLY118), is described. The procedure can be used with all listerial species. It enables fast, efficient, and gentle recovery of DNA, RNA, or native cellular proteins from small-scale (2- to 5-ml) cultures....
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.3.1150-1152.1995
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen and oxygen transformations were studied in a bioturbated (reworked by animals) estuarine sediment (Norsminde Fjord, Denmark) by using a combination of N isotope (NO(3)), specific inhibitor (C(2)H(2)), and microsensor (N(2)O and O(2)) techniques in a continuous-flow core system. The estuarine water was NO(3) r...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.1.303-313.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stepwise deletions in the only plasmid in Thermus thermophilus HB27, megaplasmid pTT27, showed that two distantly located loci were important for maintenance of the plasmid. One is a minimum replicon including one gene, repT, coding a replication initiator, and the other encodes subunits of class I ribonucleotide redu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03603-15
更新日期:2015-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae showed a strong positive chemotactic response towards rum distillery wastewaters (mostos) and a high oxygen uptake rate in the presence of this complex substrate. Rum slops stimulated only motility in Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. The A. hydrophila and E. coli is...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.46.6.1438-1441.1983
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolates of Paecilomyces, Verticillium, Beauveria, and Penicillium species were tested for ability to metabolize a variety of n-alkylbenzenes. Minimum side chain lengths were required for metabolism of these substrates. These were C(4) for the Paecilomyces sp., C(8) for the Verticillium sp., and C(9) for the other two...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.51.2.435-437.1986
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00