Abstract:
:Studies of time-dependent drug and environmental effects on single, live bacterial cells would benefit significantly from a permeable, nonperturbative, long-lived fluorescent stain specific to the nucleoids (chromosomal DNA). The ideal stain would not affect cell growth rate or nucleoid morphology and dynamics, even during laser illumination for hundreds of camera frames. In this study, time-dependent, single-cell fluorescence imaging with laser excitation and a sensitive electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) camera critically tested the utility of "dead-cell stains" (SYTOX orange and SYTOX green) and "live-cell stains" (DRAQ5 and SYTO 61) and also 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Surprisingly, the dead-cell stains were nearly ideal for imaging live Escherichia coli, while the live-cell stains and DAPI caused nucleoid expansion and, in some cases, cell permeabilization and the halting of growth. SYTOX orange performed well for both the Gram-negative E. coli and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. In an initial application, we used two-color fluorescence imaging to show that the antimicrobial peptide cecropin A destroyed nucleoid-ribosome segregation over 20 min after permeabilization of the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane, reminiscent of the long-term effects of the drug rifampin. In contrast, the human cathelicidin LL-37, while similar to cecropin A in structure, length, charge, and the ability to permeabilize bacterial membranes, had no observable effect on nucleoid-ribosome segregation. Possible underlying causes are suggested.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Bakshi S,Choi H,Rangarajan N,Barns KJ,Bratton BP,Weisshaar JCdoi
10.1128/AEM.00989-14subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-01 00:00:00pages
4977-86issue
16eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.00989-14journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum was isolated from a biofilter used for the removal of toluene from waste gases. This is the first report describing growth of a eukaryotic organism with toluene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The oxygen consumption rates, as well as the measured enzyme activities, of to...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.10.3562-3566.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells in desiccated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium rdar (red, dry, and rough) morphotype colonies were examined for culturability and infectivity after 30 months. Culturability decreased only 10-fold; however, cells were underrepresented on Salmonella selective media containing bile salts. These cells were mi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00363-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In May 1999, field surveys of Lyme disease spirochetes were conducted around the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwestern People's Republic of China. Ixodes persulcatus ticks were obtained in a Tianchi Lake valley with primary forest, while the tick fauna was poor in the semidesert or at ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5161-5165.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alkyl glycosides are attractive surfactants because of their high surface activity and good biodegradability and can be produced from renewable resources. Through enzymatic catalysis, one can obtain well-defined alkyl glycosides, something that is very difficult to do using conventional chemistry. However, there is a ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00359-13
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4367-4373.1995
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.2.398-405.1985
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two strains of Penicillium digitatum and one strain of Penicillium italicum were exposed to various levels of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate, and the MICs were determined. Selected strains of the molds were then repeatedly exposed to subinhibitory levels of the compounds to determine whether increased tolerance mig...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.4.919-923.1985
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural denitrification rates and activities of denitrifying enzymes were measured in an agricultural soil which had a 20-year past history of low pH (pH ca. 4) due to fertilization with acid-generating ammonium salts. The soil adjacent to this site had been limed and had a pH of ca. 6.0. Natural denitrification rates...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.5.1053-1056.1985
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris produces methane (CH4) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) from protons (H+) when it expresses a variant form of molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase that has two amino acid substitutions near its active site. We examined the influence of light energy and...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02671-18
更新日期:2019-04-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.36.6.819-823.1978
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli, commonly used in chemotaxis studies, is attracted mostly by amino acids, sugars, and peptides. We envisioned modifying the chemotaxis specificity of E. coli by expressing heterologous chemoreceptors from Pseudomonas putida enabling attraction either to toluene or benzoate. The mcpT gene encoding the ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01362-18
更新日期:2018-08-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.6.1374-1378.1985
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symbioses with gut microorganisms provides a means by which terrestrial herbivores are able to obtain energy. These microorganisms ferment cell wall materials of plants to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are then absorbed and used by the host animal. Many marine herbivorous fishes contain SCFA (predominantly ace...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.3.1374-1380.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-seven Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains were isolated from 207 stx-positive French environmental samples. Ten of these strains were positive for stx(1), and 24 were positive for stx(2) (10 were positive for stx(2vh-a) or stx(2vh-b), 19 were positive for stx(2d), and 15 were positive for stx(...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.4.2556-2559.2004
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.8.2488-2493.1990
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is currently little information on nonphosphorylated sugar epimerases, which are of potential interest for producing rare sugars. We found a gene (the TM0416 gene) encoding a putative d-tagatose-3-epimerase-related protein from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima We overexpressed the TM0416 gene ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03291-16
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is a cosmopolitan pest of hundreds of species of commercial and wild fruits. It is considered a major economic pest of commercial fruits in the world. Adult Mediterranean fruit flies feed on all sorts of protein sources, including animal excreta, in order to develop egg...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.4052-4056.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rep-PCR DNA fingerprint technique, which uses repetitive intergenic DNA sequences, was investigated as a way to differentiate between human and animal sources of fecal pollution. BOX and REP primers were used to generate DNA fingerprints from Escherichia coli strains isolated from human and animal sources (geese, ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.6.2572-2577.2000
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02899-19
更新日期:2020-03-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6458-6462.2005
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abstract::A culture-independent method called mRNA profiling has been developed for the analysis of fecal enterobacteria and their physiological status in environmental samples. This taxon-specific approach determines the single-cell content of selected gene transcripts whose abundance is either directly or inversely proportion...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.8.4432-4439.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00188-19
更新日期:2019-05-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.8.4821-4830.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has shown that Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor bleaches kraft pulp brownstock with the concomitant release of methanol. In this work, the fungus is shown to produce both laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) but not lignin peroxidase during pulp bleaching. MnP production was enhanced by the presence of p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.1.260-265.1993
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gene encoding a new thermostable D-stereospecific alanine amidase from the thermophile Brevibacillus borstelensis BCS-1 was cloned and sequenced. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 199 kDa after gel filtration chromatography and about 30 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ele...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.2.980-986.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::"Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonensis" is the only cultured moderately thermophilic member of the thaumarchaeotal order Nitrosopumilales (NP) that contains many mesophilic marine strains. We examined its membrane lipid composition at different growth temperatures (37°C, 46°C, and 50°C). Its lipids were all membrane-span...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01332-19
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Size changes during starvation of 17 marine bacterial isolates at a solid-water interface and in the liquid phase were examined. Twelve rod-shaped, hydrophilic bacteria decreased in size more rapidly at the solid surface than in the liquid phase, a result parallel to that observed previously for one of the strains at ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.1.43-47.1983
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myoviruses and podoviruses that infect cyanobacteria are the two major groups of marine cyanophages, but little is known of how their phylogenetic lineages are distributed in different habitats. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of cyanopodoviruses and cyanomyoviruses based on the existing geno...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02483-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biosynthesis of the major carotenoid spirilloxanthin by the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum is thought to occur via a linear pathway proceeding through phytoene and, later, lycopene as intermediates. This assumption is based solely on early chemical evidence (B. H. Davies, Biochem. J. 116:93-99, 1...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00545-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we present a new bioluminescent test system for the screening of chemical compounds with an inhibitory effect on protein synthesis. The test is based on the measurement of real-time in vivo light production by Escherichia coli strains expressing different luciferase genes. The eukaryotic lucGR gene fr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.8.2981-2989.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00