Abstract:
:Bacterioplankton are fundamental components of marine ecosystems and influence the entire biosphere by contributing to the global biogeochemical cycles of key elements. Yet, there is a significant gap in knowledge about their diversity and specific activities, as well as environmental factors that shape their community composition and function. Here, the distribution and diversity of surface bacterioplankton along the coastline of the Gulf of Naples (GON; Italy) were investigated using flow cytometry coupled with high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Heterotrophic bacteria numerically dominated the bacterioplankton and comprised mainly Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes Distinct communities occupied river-influenced, coastal, and offshore sites, as indicated by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, distance metric (UniFrac), linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), and multivariate analyses. The heterogeneity in diversity and community composition was mainly due to salinity and changes in environmental conditions across sites, as defined by nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations. Bacterioplankton communities were composed of a few dominant taxa and a large proportion (92%) of rare taxa (here defined as operational taxonomic units [OTUs] accounting for <0.1% of the total sequence abundance), the majority of which were unique to each site. The relationship between 16S rRNA and the 16S rRNA gene, i.e., between potential metabolic activity and abundance, was positive for the whole community. However, analysis of individual OTUs revealed high rRNA-to-rRNA gene ratios for most (71.6% ± 16.7%) of the rare taxa, suggesting that these low-abundance organisms were potentially active and hence might be playing an important role in ecosystem diversity and functioning in the GON.IMPORTANCE The study of bacterioplankton in coastal zones is of critical importance, considering that these areas are highly productive and anthropogenically impacted. Their richness and evenness, as well as their potential activity, are very important to assess ecosystem health and functioning. Here, we investigated bacterial distribution, community composition, and potential metabolic activity in the GON, which is an ideal test site due to its heterogeneous environment characterized by a complex hydrodynamics and terrestrial inputs of varied quantities and quality. Our study demonstrates that bacterioplankton communities in this region are highly diverse and strongly regulated by a combination of different environmental factors leading to their heterogeneous distribution, with the rare taxa contributing to a major proportion of diversity and shifts in community composition and potentially holding a key role in ecosystem functioning.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Richa K,Balestra C,Piredda R,Benes V,Borra M,Passarelli A,Margiotta F,Saggiomo M,Biffali E,Sanges R,Scanlan DJ,Casotti Rdoi
10.1128/AEM.00494-17subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-17 00:00:00issue
17eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.00494-17journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::It is now possible to obtain accurate total counts of the bacteria of natural waters with the use of acridine orange staining and epifluorescence microscopy. This approach can be coupled to highly sensitive measurements of heterotrophic activity using radioisotopes. To accomplish this, three variations of a "specific ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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doi:10.1128/AEM.36.2.297-305.1978
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doi:10.1128/AEM.63.12.4713-4720.1997
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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doi:10.1128/AEM.63.4.1338-1343.1997
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.5.1444-1451.1993
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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doi:10.1128/aem.66.7.2797-2803.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.5.1772-1775.1992
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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