Abstract:
:Because of high diurnal water quality fluctuations in raw municipal wastewater, the use of proportional autosampling over a period of 24 h at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to evaluate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal has become a standard in many countries. Microbial removal or load estimation at municipal WWTPs, however, is still based on manually recovered grab samples. The goal of this study was to establish basic knowledge regarding the persistence of standard bacterial fecal indicators and Bacteroidetes genetic microbial source tracking markers in municipal wastewater in order to evaluate their suitability for automated sampling, as the potential lack of persistence is the main argument against such procedures. Raw and secondary treated wastewater of municipal origin from representative and well-characterized biological WWTPs without disinfection (organic carbon and nutrient removal) was investigated in microcosm experiments at 5 and 21°C with a total storage time of 32 h (including a 24-h autosampling component and an 8-h postsampling phase). Vegetative Escherichia coli and enterococci, as well as Clostridium perfringens spores, were selected as indicators for cultivation-based standard enumeration. Molecular analysis focused on total (AllBac) and human-associated genetic Bacteroidetes (BacHum-UCD, HF183 TaqMan) markers by using quantitative PCR, as well as 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing. The microbial parameters showed high persistence in both raw and treated wastewater at 5°C under the storage conditions used. Surprisingly, and in contrast to results obtained with treated wastewater, persistence of the microbial markers in raw wastewater was also high at 21°C. On the basis of our results, 24-h autosampling procedures with 5°C storage conditions can be recommended for the investigation of fecal indicators or Bacteroidetes genetic markers at municipal WWTPs. Such autosampling procedures will contribute to better understanding and monitoring of municipal WWTPs as sources of fecal pollution in water resources.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Mayer RE,Vierheilig J,Egle L,Reischer GH,Saracevic E,Mach RL,Kirschner AK,Zessner M,Sommer R,Farnleitner AHdoi
10.1128/AEM.00998-15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
5134-43issue
15eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.00998-15journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cattle are a known reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. The prevalence and stability of Shiga toxin and/or Shiga toxin genes among native wild ungulates in Idaho were investigated. The frequency of both Shiga genes and toxin was similar to that reported for Idaho cattle ( approximately 19%). ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01158-08
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A heat-stable extracellular protease from Pseudomonas fluorescens was purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel filtration on a Sephadex G100 column. The homogeneous enzyme preparation was used to prepare antiserum in rabbits. The rabbit antiserum was used to study the antigenic relatedness of prot...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.46.1.6-12.1983
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA primers corresponding to conserved motifs in bacterial repetitive (REP, ERIC, and BOX) elements and PCR were used to show that REP-, ERIC-, and BOX-like DNA sequences are widely distributed in phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas strains. REP-, ERIC, and BOX-PCR (collectively known as rep-PCR) were used to ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.7.2286-2295.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors affecting natural transformation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413 with homologous chromosomal DNA in a silt loam soil microcosm were investigated. Inducible transformation of declining populations of noncompetent A. calcoaceticus cells was detectable for up to 6 days when a simple carbon source, salts, and...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.10.3972-3977.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of two enzymes, a 168-kDa protein and a 40-kDa protein, OmtA, purified from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus parasiticus were reported to convert the aflatoxin pathway intermediate sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin in vitro. Our initial goal was to determine if OmtA is necessary and suffici...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.11.5718-5727.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid degradation of marine infrastructure at the low tide level due to accelerated low-water corrosion (ALWC) is a problem encountered worldwide. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the microbial communities involved in this process. We obtained samples of the orange-colored tubercles commonly associa...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00610-20
更新日期:2020-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Six microorganisms that produced acetoin or diacetyl or both from glucose were tested for the production of 2,3-butylene glycol from lactose. Bacillus polymyxa and Streptococcus faecalis gave positive results and were tested in unmodified wheys. Cottage cheese whey was unsatisfactory, but B. polymyxa produced large am...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.5.1216-1218.1982
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial host range of coliphage P1 was extented by using the heat-inducible phage P1clr100KM. A gene for kanamycin resistance was transferred from Escherichia coli to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and some other genera of gram-negative bacteria. P1 phage was produced by thermal induction from the lyso...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.38.4.754-757.1979
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between the production of reduced oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide (O(2)), and hydroxyl radical (.OH), and the oxidation of synthetic lignin to CO(2) was studied in whole cultures of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. The kinetics of the synthesis of H(2)O(...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.46.5.1140-1145.1983
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ergosterol, a fungus-specific sterol enriched in cell plasma membranes, is an effective antifungal drug target. However, current knowledge of the ergosterol biosynthesis process in the saprophytic human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus remains limited. In this study, we found that two endoplasmic reticulum-locali...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02924-16
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of a newly isolated environmental strain of Candida humicola accumulated 10-fold more polyphosphate (polyP), during active growth, when grown in complete glucose-mineral salts medium at pH 5.5 than when grown at pH 7.5. Neither phosphate starvation, nutrient limitation, nor anaerobiosis was required to induce po...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.9.4068-4073.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Characteristics of an obligately methylotrophic coccoid methanogen (strain GS-16) previously isolated from estuarine sediment are described. Growth was demonstrated on dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or trimethylamine (TMA), but not on methane thiol, methane thiol plus hydrogen, dimethyl disulfide, or methionine. DMS-grown cel...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.4.994-1002.1989
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs), Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 FR1(pFRC20P) (FR120) and Pseudomonas putida KT2440(pWWO-EB62) (EB62), were introduced into activated sludge microcosms that had the level of aeration, nutrient makeup, and microbial community structure of activated sludge reactors. FR120 cont...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.10.3380-3386.1992
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotes may influence pollutant degradation processes in groundwater ecosystems by activities such as predation on bacteria and recycling of nutrients. Culture-independent community profiling and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene fragments, as well as culturing, were employed to obtain insight into the sedimen...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02820-07
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. A large rural area in the southeast of the Netherlands was heavily affected by Q fever between 2007 and 2009. This initiated the development of a robust and internally controlled multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.05097-11
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four Staphylococcus aureus-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors were constructed for gene expression and production of tagged fusion proteins. Vectors pBUS1-HC and pTSSCm have no promoter upstream of the multiple cloning site (MCS), and this allows study of genes under the control of their native promoters, and pBUS1-Pcap...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03803-14
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aeromonas sp. will methylate trimethyl lead acetate (Me3PbOAc) to volatile tetramethyl lead (Me4Pb). Examination of cultures grown in the presence of Me3PbOAc revealed no major irregularities between cells of the treated and untreated cultures. Some cells, however, showed evidence that intracytoplasmic materials had b...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.32.5.723-725.1976
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helix alpha 4 of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins is thought to play a critical role in the toxins' mode of action. Accordingly, single-site substitutions of many Cry1Aa helix alpha 4 amino acid residues have previously been shown to cause substantial reductions in the protein's pore-forming activity. Changes in prot...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01930-08
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To produce high levels of β-lactams, the filamentous fungus Penicillium rubens (previously named Penicillium chrysogenum) has been subjected to an extensive classical strain improvement (CSI) program during the last few decades. This has led to the accumulation of many mutations that were spread over the genome. Detai...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01561-19
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The facultative anaerobe Thauera aromatica strain AR-1 uses 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate (3,5-DHB) as a sole carbon and energy source under anoxic conditions using an unusual oxidative strategy to overcome aromatic ring stability. A 25-kb gene cluster organized in four main operons encodes the anaerobic degradation pathway f...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02295-18
更新日期:2019-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::A defined medium for Aquaspirillum serpens VHL allows the replacement of the complex media now in use. It was developed by batch culture methods but supports growth in continuous culture. A basal salts medium supplemented with L-aspartic acid, L-alanine, and L-glutamic acid provided the best growth (turbidity), as lon...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.39.1.20-24.1980
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prophages make up 12% of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli genome and play prominent roles in the evolution and virulence of this food-borne pathogen. Acquisition and loss of and rearrangements within prophage regions are the primary causes of differences in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns among ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03682-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a lactic acid bacterium widely marketed by the food industry. Its genomic analysis led to the identification of a gene cluster encoding mucus-binding SpaCBA pili, which is located in a genomic island enriched in insertion sequence (IS) elements. In the present study, we analyzed...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00255-16
更新日期:2016-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Free fatty acids are important flavor compounds in cheese. Propionibacterium freudenreichii is the main agent of their release through lipolysis in Swiss cheese. Our aim was to identify the esterase(s) involved in lipolysis by P. freudenreichii. We targeted two previously identified esterases: one secreted esterase, P...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03640-13
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A light cycler-based real-time PCR (LC-PCR) assay that amplifies the F57 sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was developed. This assay also includes an internal amplification control template to monitor the amplification conditions in each reaction. The targeted F57 sequence element is unique for M...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.5957-5968.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, cell-to-cell variation in the abundance of the Lrp transcription factor leads to virulence modulation; low Lrp levels are associated with a virulent phenotype and suppression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in Manduca sexta insects, while cells that lack lrp ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00185-17
更新日期:2017-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Malic acid has great potential for replacing petrochemical building blocks in the future. For this application, high yields, rates, and titers are essential in order to sustain a viable biotechnological production process. Natural high-capacity malic acid producers like the malic acid producer Aspergillus flavus have ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01445-13
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A unique, coleopteran-active protein, termed eCry3.1Ab, was generated following variable-region exchange of a Bacillus thuringiensis lepidopteran-active protein, Cry1Ab, with a Cry3A region. Our results support the hypothesis that this variable-region exchange is responsible for imparting strong bioactivity against th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00155-10
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in sprays and transgenic crops are extremely useful for environmentally sound pest management, but their long-term efficacy is threatened by evolution of resistance by target pests. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is the first insect to evolve resist...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.4.1413-1419.1999
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxin-producing isolates of Bacillus licheniformis were obtained from foods involved in food poisoning incidents, from raw milk, and from industrially produced baby food. The toxin detection method, based on the inhibition of boar spermatozoan motility, has been shown previously to be a sensitive assay for the emetic ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.10.4637-4645.1999
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00