Abstract:
:Fifty-one isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli from various geographic and ecological sources, largely in Mexico, were characterized by the electrophoretic mobilities of 15 metabolic enzymes, and 46 distinctive multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types [ETs]) were distinguished on the basis of allele profiles at the enzyme loci. Mean genetic diversity per enzyme locus among the 46 ETs was 0.691, the highest value yet recorded for any species of bacterium. The occurrence of strong nonrandom associations of alleles over loci suggested a basically clonal population structure, reflecting infrequent recombination of chromosomal genes. Multilocus genotypic diversity was unusually high, with the most strongly differentiated pairs of ETs having distinctive alleles at all 15 loci and major clusters of ETs diverging at genetic distances as large as 0.89. This great diversity in the chromosomal genome raises the possibility that R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli is a polyphyletic assemblage of strains. As other workers have suggested, the inclusion of all strains capable of nodulating beans in a single biovar or species is genetically unrealistic and taxonomically misleading. A biologically meaningful classification of Rhizobium spp. should be based on assessment of variation in the chromosomal genome rather than on phenotypic characters, especially those mediated for the most part or wholly by plasmid-borne genes, such as host relationships.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Pinero D,Martinez E,Selander RKdoi
10.1128/AEM.54.11.2825-2832.1988subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-11-01 00:00:00pages
2825-32issue
11eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A marine bacterial strain that decomposes the cell walls of some seaweeds, including a Laminaria sp. and Undaria pinnatifida, has been isolated from seawater. This strain has been classified to the genus Vibrio. One of the enzymes which the bacteria secreted into the culture medium was isolated and purified 45-fold fr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.5.1549-1554.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the current study, we adapted and optimized the lambda Red recombineering strategy to genetically manipulate the fastidious insect endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius. This work greatly facilitates the application of genetics to the study of insect symbionts and should also prove useful in the context of long-awaited...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02166-10
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletion of chromosomally inserted gene sequences from Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, a xylem-inhabiting endophyte, was studied in vitro and in planta. We found that nonreplicating plasmid pCG610, which conferred resistance to kanamycin and tetracycline and contained segments of C. xyli subsp. cynodontis genomic ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.12.3522-3528.1991
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enterobacteriaceae-associated blaCTX-M genes have become globally widespread within the past 30 years. Among isolates from Washington State cattle, Escherichia coli strains carrying blaCTX-M (CTX-M E. coli strains) were absent from a set of 2008 isolates but present in a set of isolates from 2011. On 30 Washington Sta...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00463-15
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of rumen bacteria can be stored at -20 degrees C for at least 2 years in a liquid medium containing 20% glycerol. Thawing, sampling, and refreezing do not significantly affect viability. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.44.2.499-501.1982
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two anaerobic bacteria were isolated from polyethylene glycol (PEG)-degrading, methanogenic, enrichment cultures obtained from a municipal sludge digester. One isolate, identified as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain DG2), metabolized oligomers ranging from ethylene glycol (EG) to tetraethylene glycol. The other iso...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.52.4.852-856.1986
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assembly of six genes that encode enzymes from glutamate-fermenting bacteria converted Escherichia coli into a glutaconate producer when grown anaerobically on a complex medium. The new anaerobic pathway starts with 2-oxoglutarate from general metabolism and proceeds via (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, (R)-2-hydroxyglutar...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02049-10
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the continuous problems that Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes as food pathogen, this study assessed global gene regulation in bacteria growing on meat. Since FlhD/FlhC of E. coli K-12 laboratory strains was previously established as a major control point in transducing signals from the environment to seve...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00069-11
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two duck farms in Hong Kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. The predominant virus in one community was H3N2, a virus antigenically related to the pandemic Hong Kong strain. This virus was isolated monthly throughout the year from fec...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.110-115.1982
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consumption of fresh tomatoes has been linked to numerous food-borne outbreaks involving various serovars of Salmonella enterica. Recent advances in our understanding of plant-microbe interactions have shown that human enteric pathogenic bacteria, including S. enterica, are adapted to survive in the plant environm...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03704-12
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein S is a major spore coat protein of Myxococcus xanthus, consisting of two homologous domains, the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain, both of which contain a Ca(2+)-binding site. Protein S tightly binds to myxospores in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Here, we constructed a novel expression vector, pC...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00691-09
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was aimed at assessing whether the repeated exposure of 12 strains of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes to alternative nonthermal decontamination techniques with UV light (UV-C) and nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) may cause the emergence of variants showing increased resista...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00102-20
更新日期:2020-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The most common source of Salmonella infections in humans is food of poultry origin. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has a particular affinity for the contamination of the egg supply. In this study, the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), caproic, caprylic, and capric acid, were evaluated for the control of Salmo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.6.3582-3587.2004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza virus has been found to persist in the environment for hours to days, allowing for secondary transmission of influenza via inanimate objects known as fomites. We evaluated the efficacy of heat and moisture for the decontamination of surfaces for the purpose of preventing of the spread of influenza. Aqueous s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02674-09
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathotype, which has been associated with Crohn's disease, shows similar traits to human and animal extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) with respect to their phylogenetic origin and virulence gene profiles. Here, we demonstrate that animal ExPEC strains generally do...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02614-10
更新日期:2011-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::A beta-1,3-galactosyl-N-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase (GalGlyNAcP) homolog gene was cloned from Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6. In synthetic reactions, the recombinant enzyme acted only with GlcNAc and GalNAc as acceptors in the presence of alpha-d-galactose-1-phosphate as a donor to form lacto-N-biose I (LNB) (Galbeta1 -->...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02846-07
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virulence gene profiles of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from cattle, sheep, and humans were examined to determine the relationship between pathotypes. Shared virulence factors (intimin, EHEC hemolysin, serine protease, and a type II secretion system) were ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02528-09
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some species of ruminal bacteria are known to produce antimicrobial peptides, but the screening procedures have mostly been based on in vitro assays using standardized methods. Recent sequencing efforts have made available the genome sequences of hundreds of ruminal microorganisms. In this work, we performed genome mi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01223-15
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alphaproteobacterium Hyphomonas neptunium proliferates by a unique budding mechanism in which daughter cells emerge from the end of a stalk-like extension emanating from the mother cell body. Studies of this species so far have been hampered by the lack of a genetic system and of molecular tools allowing the regul...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03104-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bioconversion of sugars present in wood hemicellulose to 2,3-butanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae grown on high sugar concentrations was investigated. When K. pneumoniae was grown under finite air conditions in the presence of added acetic acid, 50 g of D-glucose and D-xylose per liter could be converted to 25 and ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.46.3.630-635.1983
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, we report the expression and secretion of the leaderless two-peptide (EntL50A and EntL50B) bacteriocin enterocin L50 from Enterococcus faecium L50 by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. The bacteriocin structural genes entL50A and entL50B were fused to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene region ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02206-09
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The wood protection industry has refined their products from chrome-, copper-, and arsenate-based wood preservatives toward solely copper-based preservatives in combination with organic biocides. One of these is Cu-HDO, containing the chelation product of copper and N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide (HDO). In this study, ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01092-10
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins with high catalytic efficiency and selectivity under mild conditions have long been appreciated by industrial and medicinal fields. These proteins, which are commonly multimeric, often possess low stability, impeding wider application. Currently, strategies to improve the stability of multimeric proteins conc...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01239-17
更新日期:2017-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione was found in several dairy Lactococcus lactis strains grown in M17 medium. None of these strains was able to synthesize glutathione. In chemically defined medium, L. lactis subsp. cremoris strain SK11 was able to accumulate up to approximately 60 mM glutathione when this compound was added to the medium. S...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.10.5739-5745.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic optimizations to achieve high-level production of three different proteins of medical importance for humans, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon alpha 2b (IFN-alpha2b), and single-chain antibody variable fragment (scFv-phOx), were investigated during high-cell-density cultivat...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01804-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controlling antibiotic-resistant (ART) bacteria in cheese fermentation is important for food safety and public health. A plant-maintained culture was found to be a potential source for ART bacterial contamination in cheese fermentation. Antibiotics had a detectable effect on the ART population from contamination in th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.05069-11
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic type A isolates that typically possess high spore heat resistance. Previous studies have shown that alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) play a major role in the resistance of Bacillus subtilis and C. perfringens spores to moist ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00169-08
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanobacteria can synthesize alkanes and alkenes, which are considered to be infrastructure-compatible biofuels. In terms of physiological function, cyanobacterial hydrocarbons are thought to be essential for membrane flexibility for cell division, size, and growth. The genetic basis for the biosynthesis of terminal o...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00425-18
更新日期:2018-06-18 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Endosymbiosis is a unique form of interaction between organisms, with one organism dwelling inside the other. One of the most widespread endosymbionts is Wolbachia pipientis, a maternally transmitted bacterium carried by insects, crustaceans, mites, and filarial nematodes. Although candidate proteins that co...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01255-16
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Despite efforts to minimize fecal input into waterways, this kind of pollution continues to be a problem due to an inability to reliably identify nonpoint sources. Our objective was to find candidate source-specific Escherichia coli fingerprints as potential genotypic markers for raw sewage, horses, dogs, gulls, and c...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.8.4942-4950.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00