Abstract:
:Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a viable option in targeted delivery of highly potent cytotoxic drugs in treatment of solid tumors. At the time of writing, only two ADCs have received regulatory approval with >40 others in clinical development. The first generation ADCs suffered from a lack of specificity in amino acid site-conjugations, yielding statistically heterogeneous stoichiometric ratios of drug molecules per antibody molecule. For the second generation ADCs, however, site-specific amino acid conjugation using enzymatic ligation, introduction of unnatural amino acids, and site-specific protein engineering hold promise to alleviate some of the current technical limitations. The rapid progress in technology platforms and antibody engineering has introduced novel linkers, site-specific conjugation chemistry, and new payload candidates that could possibly be exploited in the context of ADCs. A search using the Clinical Trial Database registry ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ), using the keyword 'antibody drug conjugate', yielded ~270 hits. The main focus of this article is to present a brief overview of the recent developments and current challenges related to ADC development.
journal_name
Biotechnol Lettjournal_title
Biotechnology lettersauthors
Bakhtiar Rdoi
10.1007/s10529-016-2160-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-01 00:00:00pages
1655-64issue
10eissn
0141-5492issn
1573-6776pii
10.1007/s10529-016-2160-xjournal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A computational search was carried out to identify additional binding sites for the manganese response regulator, ManR, in the genome of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. This approach predicted ManR binding sites: the promoter regions of the genes of all3575-alr3576 and the gene of alr5134 from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Electropho...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/B:BILE.0000045639.26579.6f
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An aqueous-organic biphasic system was established and used with whole cells of Oenococcus oeni to reduce 2-octanone to (R)-2-octanol. The conversion reached 99% when the Tris/borate buffer was increased from 50 mM to 300 mM in the aqueous phase. In addition, the conversion increased as the log P value of the organic ...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-006-9062-2
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::β-Xylosidase from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum was purified by His-trap affinity chromatography giving a specific activity of 5.15 U mg(-1). From gel-filtration chromatography, the purified enzyme was a tetramer with a total molecular mass of 245 kDa. Maximal enzyme activity using o-nitrophenyl(NP)-β-D-...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-014-1604-4
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new full-length beta-1,3-glucanase cDNA, MpGlu, was isolated from a plantain (Musa paradisica) by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Recombinant GST-MpGlu protein, expressed in E. coli, hydrolyzed (1-->3),(1-->6)-beta-glucan of Laminaria digitata and inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum fsp...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9403-9
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lentiviral vectors have been used for gene transfer into the liver but their ability to efficiently transduce quiescent hepatocytes remains controversial. Lentivirus-mediated gene transfer is more efficient in cycling cells. We determine the effect of H-IL6 in the lentiviral transduction. The lentiviral vector was use...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9528-x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a method for producing polyclonal antibody (PAb) against peptide antigen (the epitope region of cytochromes P450 1A2 and 3A4, HA tag, FLAG tag, and c-myc tag) using a polymer bead as a carrier. Carboxylated polystyrene beads (0.05, 0.5, 1, and 2 microm diam) were conjugated with the peptide, which is known...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9463-x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Image analysis was used to measure the effect of Tween 40 on the morphology of Trichoderma harzianum. The percentage of pellets was maximal (93%) with Tween at 0.2 ml l(-1), whereas the maximal proportion of dispersed mycelia (40%) was with Tween at 1.6 ml l(-1). The particle median diameter decreased from 2 to 0.5 mm...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/b:bile.0000009458.58602.d9
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lipase of Pseudomonas cepacia was immobilized onto electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and used for the conversion of (S)-glycidol with vinyl n-butyrate to glycidyl n-butyrate in isooctane. The rate of reaction with the adsorbed lipase was 23-fold higher than the initial material. After 10 recyclings, the i...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-010-0279-8
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The shape of the hydrophobic tunnel leading to the active site of Penicillium expansum lipase (PEL) was redesigned by single-point mutations, in order to better understand enzyme enantioselectivity towards naproxen. A variant with a valine-to-glycine substitution at residue 237 exhibited almost no enantioselectivity (...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1405-1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gene encoding a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor was cloned in to E. coli from Streptomyces ambofaciens producing spiramycin, a macrolide antibiotic used in both veterinary medicine and human medicine. A 714-bp intact receptor gene (saaR) was obtained by PCR and genomic Southern hybridization with the 100-...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9613-1
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii growing in chemostat cultures was evaluated under different O(2) transfer rates (OTR). As a result of modifying the culture's agitation rate from 300 to 500 rpm, the OTR increased from 9 to 15.1 mmol l(-1) h(-1) and a slight variation in the alginate production (1.7-2.2 g ...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-009-9949-9
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The astaxanthin biosynthesis gene cluster in Paracoccus haeundaensis consists of six genes: crtW, crtZ, crtY, crtI, crtB, and crtE contain 726, 486, 1158, 1503, 912, and 879 base pairs, respectively. Individual carotenoid biosynthesis genes of P. haeundaensis have now been expressed in E. coli and each gene product ha...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-006-9072-0
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two ketoreductases from Candida glabrata were used for the asymmetric reduction of prochiral substituted acetophenones displayed different enantiopreference toward para-, meta-substituted and ortho-halogen substituted acetophenones with excellent enantioselectivity. Homology modeling and docking analysis were in confo...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1228-0
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::miR-21 is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, suggesting that it might play a role in the process of oncogenesis, as supported by it directly causing pre-B cell lymphomas in transgenic mice. Rm21LG transgenic mice for the conditional co-expression of miR-21 and luciferase (Luc) mediated by Cre/lox P system were ...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1327-y
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial and fungal contaminants of enset (Ensete ventricosum) cultures and microbes associated with surface-sterilized field material were identified by 16S/26S rDNA sequencing. Ten bacterial species were identified in 16 isolates from in vitro cultures and seven in 10 isolates from field clones. Three yeast species...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-004-6032-4
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The substrate specificity of alpha-chymotrypsin and other serine proteases, trypsin, elastase, proteinase K and subtilisin, towards hydrolysis of various polyesters was examined using poly(L-lactide) (PLA), poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(ethylene succinate) (PES), poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA), poly(butylene su...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-005-2217-8
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four Cr(VI)-reducing bacterial strains (Ochrobactrum intermedium, CrT-2, CrT-3 and CrT-4) previously isolated from chromium-contaminated sites were inoculated on to seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus var SF-187), which were germinated and grown along with non-inoculated controls with chromate salts (300 microg CrCl...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-005-7188-2
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study is to generate a spherical three-dimensional (3D) aggregate of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells and to investigate the effect of the 3D environment on hepatic maturation and drug metabolism. RESULTS:Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-018-2528-1
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhizopus arrhizus, strain DAR 36017, produced L(+)-lactic acid in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using starch waste effluents. Lactic acid at 19.5-44.3 g l(-1) with a yield of 0.85-0.96 g g(-1) was produced in 40 h using 20-60 g starch l(-1). Supplementation of nitrogen source may be unnecess...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/b:bile.0000004389.53388.d0
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen yeast strains were screened for production of 2-phenylethanol from L-phenylalanine with molasses as carbon source. Up to 1 g 2-phenylethanol l-1 was obtained. Using oleyl alcohol as a second phase for in situ product removal to enhance the production of 2-phenylethanol increased the yield to about 3 g 2-pheny...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1022890119847
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amberlite XAD 2 resin enhanced the asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate (ECA) to S-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyric acid ethyl ester as catalyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The absorbed ECA was released slowly to the solution during the reaction so that the substrate inhibition and the spontaneous chemical hy...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1021761627090
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of cytosine methylation in regulation of polyketide compounds biosynthesis in larvae of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. RESULTS:Treatment of S. intermedius larvae with 100 and 200 µM 5-azacytidine (5A) as a DNA demethylating agent significantly increased the amounts of spinochrome D a...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-016-2191-3
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recombinant plasmid, pGMF, containing a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene (GSH-I) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was constructed with a copper-resistance gene as the selection marker and was introduced into S. cerevisiae YSF-31. The glutathione content of the recombinant strain was 1.5-fold (13.1 mg g dry cells...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/b:bile.0000018261.14427.e8
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An optimal pooling system, called Accurate and Fast Target Screening, has been developed for high-throughput identifying the rare marker-free transformants. This system can identify targets between 10- and 100-fold more efficiently than analysis of individual samples. By calculating the efficiency for different propor...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-006-9129-0
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (AVIs) appear as dark red-to-purple spheres of various sizes in vacuoles of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cell suspension culture due to their interaction with anthocyanins. AVIs were purified and the bound anthocyanins extracted and analysed by HPLC from two lines of V. vinifera isolat...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1024028603089
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the role of miR-124a in LPS-induced septic cardiac insufficiency where underlying mechanism is unclear. RESULTS:Expression of miR-124a was decreased in myocardium of LPS-induced septic cardiac dysfunction model. miR-124a antagomiR or agomiR were injected via tail vein to induce miR-124a-dysregulat...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-017-2368-4
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify and characterize a novel antimicrobial peptide, catesbeianin-1. RESULTS:Catesbeianin-1 is 25 amino acids long and is α-helical, cationic and amphipathic. It had antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was resistant against trypsin and pepsin. Catesbeianin-1 ex...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-017-2312-7
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::General methods for identification of usual carotenoids including C18-HPLC retention time and spectroscopic methods, such as absorption spectra, mass spectra, NMR spectra, are briefly summarized. ...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s10529-014-1479-4
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of evoglow-Pp1 as a reporter to study gene expression in bifidobacteria. To choose a strong and constitutive promoter to track fluorescently labelled bifidobacteria in environments under anaerobic conditions. RESULTS:The elongation factor P (EF-P) promoter from Bifidobacterium...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-015-1802-8
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycosylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the phenyl propanoid systems, eugenol 1 and curcumin 2, using an amyloglucosidase from Rhizopus and a beta-glucosidase from sweet almonds together with carbohydrates (D-glucose 3, D-mannose 4, maltose 5, sucrose 6 and D-mannitol 7) in di-isopropyl ether produced glycosid...
journal_title:Biotechnology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10529-006-9272-7
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00