Abstract：
:This paper is a review of epidemiological studies in which sensitive markers of nephrotoxicity have been used to detect the early effects of chemicals on the kidney. Most of the studies are cross-sectional, and their objective was either to identify potentially nephrotoxic chemicals (organic solvents, heavy metals) in the working or general environment or to establish dose-response/effect relationships from which safe exposure levels can be defined (e.g., for cadmium and mercury vapour). A few longitudinal studies were conducted to determine the persistence of renal disturbances and to get information on their predictive value (e.g., microproteinuria in cadmium workers). Nephrotoxicity tests, which have proved to be the most useful in these epidemiological studies, rely on the determination of specific urinary proteins which, according to their size, reflect the functional integrity of the proximal tubule (e.g., retinol-binding protein or beta 2-microglobulin) or the glomerulus (e.g., albumin, immunoglobulin G). An increased urinary excretion of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has been reported in several studies (e.g., in lead-exposed workers), but the pathological significance of this finding remains to be clarified, particularly when it is not associated with changes in the urinary excretion of specific proteins. Further work is needed to assess the usefulness of tests introduced more recently such as the assay of renal antigens in urine and the use of red-blood-cell membrane negative charges as an index of the glomerular polyanion. With the exception of microproteinuria observed in chronic cadmium poisoning, no epidemiological data are available on the prognostic value of subclinical renal effects caused by nephrotoxic chemicals.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Bernard A,Lauwerys Rdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(89)90137-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-03-01 00:00:00pages
293-306issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(89)90137-9journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Pyrethroids, a group of insecticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and wide spectrum, are used for pest control in agriculture. Here, we administered two representative pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) and an equal volume of vehicle (corn oil) to the pregnant ICR mice. This study investigated the effec...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：1996-12-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2012-03-07 00:00:00
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更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90006-8
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acrolein, a potent cilioinhibitor of cigarette smoke was tested on synchronously dividing cultures. Mitosis could be blocked whenever the addition of acrolein was made during the cell cycle but this effect was totally reversible (between 0.06 microgram/ml to 1 microgram/ml). Nucleic acid syntheses were more affected t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2003-03-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.08.004
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90226-c
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03273-8
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.643
更新日期：2013-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Vincristine (VCR) is commonly used to treat a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors in pediatric and adult patients. However, peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect that leaves some patients with functional disability and long-term pain. Oxytocin (OT) has demonstrated analgesic and anti-...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.008
更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, concern about possible female reproductive and developmental toxicity due to environmental contaminants, such as PCBs, has been growing. Because this area of toxicology had not been emphasized prior to this time, there are many gaps in current knowledge about female developmental and reproductive toxi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90089-2
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carcinogenicity of dichloromethane (DCM) has been demonstrated by mutagenicity studies using bacteria and yeasts and using animal bioassays. Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to DCM increases the incidences of liver and pancreas cancers. In the present study, we determine whether DCM generates DNA dam...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.002
更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90187-5
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2011-11-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2011-06-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitropyrene (1-NP) is classified as Group 2B carcinogen and is one of the main components of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), which are generated from incomplete combustion of automobile engines to cause human cancer or inflammatory diseases. Although many reports on the mutagenesis or carcinogenesis of 1-NP have been ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.028
更新日期：2009-01-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
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doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.10.001
更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Male rats are the most frequently used experimental animals in drug toxicity tests. However, there are clear sex-related differences in toxicity of various drugs and chemicals in rats. These differences, in most cases, are closely connected with the sex-related differences in hepatic drug metabolisms. Recent studies i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of the pesticide fipronil (FIP) towards the differentiation of mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. At concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM that were not cytotoxic, as shown by two different cell viability assays, FIP impaired potently after 24h the development ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.009
更新日期：2011-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:When cells from the human cell line NHIK3025 were cultured for 4 days, with hexavalent chromium (K2Cr2O7) at a concentration of 8 . 10(-7)M, the relative cell number was reduced to 38%. This effect of hexavalent chromium was abolished if ascorbic acid and chromate were added simultaneously to the incubation medium, bu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90146-1
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biomedical application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), such as drug delivery and cancer treatment, requires a clear understanding of their fate and toxicological profile after intravenous administration. In this study, the long-term accumulation and toxicity of intravenously injected SWCNTs in the main...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.020
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
