Abstract:
:Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-induced chewing movements, tremors, convulsions and hind limb abduction at doses of 50-85% LD50 in rats were monitored in order to determine whether the severity of these different signs would correlate with brain AChE levels and the time course of such a relationship. 30 min after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of Soman, the intensities of toxic signs were significantly correlated with the degree of striatal AChE inhibition. In the case of Sarin, the corresponding r-values were not significant except for tremors. For Tabun-induced chewing, tremor and hind-limb abduction, the r-values were significant. The neurotoxicity was most intense between 15 min to 2 h after treatment, but at 2 or 6 h, the r-values were well below 0.5. The inhibition of brain AChE was maximal by 30 min and was still high at 24 h.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Hoskins B,Fernando JC,Dulaney MD,Lim DK,Liu DD,Watanabe HK,Ho IKdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(86)90094-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-02-01 00:00:00pages
121-9issue
2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(86)90094-9journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The target cell(s) of theobromine toxicity on rat testes and reproductive toxicity induced by pure theobromine and cocoa extract are evaluated in the present studies. Theobromine (500 mg/kg x 7 days) inhibited body weight gain in treated rats. Decreased cauda epididymal sperm reserve (38%), seminiferous tubule fluid (...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90159-7
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The skin absorption of aniline, aniline with 3% water content, and 1 and 2% aqueous aniline solutions was investigated in man. The time of exposure was 30 or 60 min. The absorbed amount of aniline was calculated on the basis of rho-aminophenol excretion in 24-h urine. The rate of aniline absorption from aqueous soluti...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90231-4
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury, one of the widespread pollutants in the world, induces oxidative stress and dysfunction in many cell types. Alveolar type II epithelial cells are known to be vulnerable to oxidative stress. Alveolar type II epithelial cells produce and secrete surfactants to maintain morphological organization, biophysical fu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.02.003
更新日期:2010-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Micronucleus (MN) induction by azidothymidine (AZT) in B and T lymphocytes was analyzed by a recently developed MAC (morphology-antibody-chromosome) method which allows the immunologic identification of different cell lineages. An increased frequency of MN in AZT-treated cultures compared with controls was observed. C...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90167-8
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small molecular weight chemicals may irritate tissues via the induction of the production of various proinflammatory and chemotactic molecules. The structure of these irritants is heterogenous, as is the pattern of their effects. Chemicals are potentially allergenic (i.e. haptens) when they are able to bind proteins s...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03676-4
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caloric restriction is known to reduce chemically-induced tumor incidence in laboratory animals. The effect is believed to be mediated in part by modification of hepatic drug metabolism, including both phase I and phase II enzymes. Using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as a model carcinogen, we studied the effect of caloric restr...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90150-i
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dose-response curve obtained in toxicity testing is a mirror image of the susceptibility distribution in the treated population, i.e. it follows increasing tolerance of the individuals to the adverse effects of the chemical under investigation. Defining a dose as a maximum tolerated exposure level, therefore, spli...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00458-1
更新日期:2002-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::The oral LD50 of hymenoxon in Swiss white mice was found to be 241 +/- 37 mg/kg. No significant sex differences were observed. Pretreatment of male mice for 3 days using doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg hymenoxon failed to alter significantly pentobarbital sleeping time. Hymenoxon was found to be a direct-acting mutagen in t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(81)90016-3
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aflatoxin is a fungal secondary metabolite with high toxicity that is capable of contaminating various types of food crops. It has been identified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Chronic aflatoxin exposure has caused worldwide concern as a matter of public food safety....
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.006
更新日期:2019-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Male rats were administered diets containing monobutyl (MBP), mono-iso-butyl (MIBP), monooctyl (MOP) or mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) for 1 week, and serum lipid compositions were determined. Non-esterified fatty acid was increased and triglycerides and total cholesterol were decreased in all monoester-treated gr...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90012-1
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the cytotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) on lymphocytes. FA-exposed mice showed a profound reduction not only in the number of natural killer (NK) cells but also in the expression of NK cell-specific receptors, but these mice did not exhibit decreases in the numbers of T or B lymphocytes. FA exposure...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.008
更新日期:2013-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::When cells from the human cell line NHIK3025 were cultured for 4 days, with hexavalent chromium (K2Cr2O7) at a concentration of 8 . 10(-7)M, the relative cell number was reduced to 38%. This effect of hexavalent chromium was abolished if ascorbic acid and chromate were added simultaneously to the incubation medium, bu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90146-1
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of cadmium nitrate was investigated in livers of male Wistar rats. A significant increase in liver weight, accompanied by an elevation of total hepatic DNA content was observed. DNA synthesis as measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, was found to be 6 times ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90020-1
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been known to induce neuronal death and neurodegenerative symptoms. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Mn neurotoxicity remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we established a Mn-exposed rat model and found that downregulation of wild type p53-induced phosphata...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.019
更新日期:2015-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Local anaesthetics (LA) rely for their clinical actions on state-dependent inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channels. (2) Single, batrachoxin-modified sodium channels in planar lipid bilayers allow direct observation of drug-channel interactions. Two modes of inhibition of single-channel current are observed...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00192-1
更新日期:1998-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to determine whether quercetin elicits a protective effect against the toxicity of chronic exposure to low-level DDVP using metabonomic technology. Rats were randomly assigned into the control, DDVP-treated, quercetin-treated, and quercetin plus DDVP-treated groups. DDVP and quercetin were given to rat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.017
更新日期:2014-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant CD-1 mice were given 32 mg/kg of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) or corn oil vehicle, by gavage, on days 10--16 of gestation. At 1 year of age, the offspring were tested for spontaneous motor activity; the mice were then killed and dopamine (DA) levels and specific DA receptor binding were measured in the...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(81)90087-4
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an anthracycline antibiotic which is used in the treatment of human malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma and a number of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. Anthracyclines have been reported to contaminate chemotherapy workstation surfaces as well as other workplaces surfaces. The occupa...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.026
更新日期:2010-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::The test based on measuring the RNA synthesis rate, already described on Hela S3 in culture (Fauris et al., Les colloques de l'INSERM 106 (1981) 455-463), has been adapted to a human hepatoma cell line Hep 3B which retains a certain capacity towards metabolising. These modifications make it easier to point to the pres...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90090-6
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of melatonin on potassium cyanide-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in vivo. The ED50 value of potassium cyanide, as measured by induction of tonic and clonic seizures, was significantly increased by 1.5- or 1.8-fold by s.c. preinjection of melatonin (20, 100 or 345 mg/kg) in mice. The preventive effec...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03671-5
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monocytes, separated from human peripheral blood, were preincubated with different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 24 h and the production of superoxide ions (O*2-) was then measured using as a stimulating agent phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. A significantly enhanced O*2- production is only observed when...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00131-9
更新日期:1999-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The necessity to protect humans from the adverse effects of chemicals on structure and function of the developing and/or mature nervous system is increasingly recognized among regulatory bodies throughout the world. Whereas structural changes dominated much of neurotoxicological research in the past, functional marker...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90195-p
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regions with heavy industry are in many ways regions of crisis. The health of the population is primarily affected by the different air pollutants. Dust, with all its organic (dioxins and furans) and inorganic (heavy metals) contents, makes up the greatest part of the air-borne pollutants. The influence on health of e...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03731-9
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Work with sub-natural levels of deuterium (D) in animals has demonstrated an anti-cancer effect of low D-concentration in water. Our objective was to investigate whether deuterium-depleted water (DDW) can overturn reverse manganese (Mn)-induced reduction in life span, using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.014
更新日期:2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are performed to inves...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03801-5
更新日期:1996-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::The degradation of cyanogenic glycosides was studied in spontaneously fermenting cassava root pulp and in fresh pulp samples pretreated to prevent either endogenous beta-glycosidase activity, fermentation, or both. The rate of disappearance of the glycosides, as measured by hydrocyanic acid (HCN) production in situ, i...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90153-4
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::P-glycoprotein (Pgp) participates in the export of numerous toxins, drugs, and physiological compounds. To examine the involvement of Pgp in smoke-induced oral cell insult, the effects of extracts of the mainstream tobacco smoke (TS) on Pgp were studied in an oral epidermal carcinoma cell line, OECM-1. TS was first ex...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.007
更新日期:2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Although CSL box jellyfish antivenom (AV) remains the primary treatment for Chironex fleckeri envenoming, there has been considerable debate regarding its clinical effectiveness. Animal studies have shown that AV is largely ineffective in preventing C. fleckeri-induced cardiovascular collapse. This study examined the ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the action of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) on the parameters of the cortical and peripheral evoked potentials was investigated in rats in different administration schemes (20 mg/kg i.p. during recording or 24 h before, and 5x 15 mg/kg daily 28 days before recording) to elucidate some neurophysiological ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.006
更新日期:2006-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Trihalomethanes (THMs; chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane), formed as by-products of chlorine disinfection, are found to occur in combination in drinking water supplies. THMs are metabolized by cytochromes P-450 and are likely substrates of CYP2E1. Therefore, it is possible that mixed ex...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00022-3
更新日期:1999-05-20 00:00:00