The protective effects of glutathione against methylmercury cytotoxicity.

abstract：:Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SAN Trimer), a mixture of six isomers (four isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-alpha-methyl-1-naphthaleneacetonitrile [THAN] and two isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthaleneproprionitrile [THNP]), is a by-product of a specific production process of styrene-acrylonitrile poly...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gargas ML,Collins B,Fennell TR,Gaudette NF Jr,Sweeney LM

更新日期：2008-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of our study was to determine agonist- and time-dependent phosphorylation of distinct proteins in bovine alveolar macrophages after activation with quartz dusts and heavy metal-coated silica particles. Silica particles were coated with vanadium oxide or cadmium oxide. Separation of proteins was achieved by one...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Radloff M,Delling M,Gercken G

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of studies have demonstrated that co-exposure to low levels of melamine and cyanuric acid elicits renal toxicity due to the formation of melamine cyanurate crystals in the kidney nephrons. In this work, we investigated if co-exposure of rats to these compounds leads to alterations in the expression of the gen...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Camacho L,Kelly KP,Beland FA,Gamboa da Costa G

更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Dermal toxicity of the new multi-insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) was studied in female rabbits. LD50 of DEPA was estimated to be 3505 mg/kg b.w. On daily topical application for 21 d at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., dermal irritancy score and blood chemistry changes indicated that the compound is non-irr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rao SS,Agarwal MK,Rao KM,Swamy RV

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considering that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides, this study was designed to investigate the possibility of oxidative stress induction by cypermethrin, a Type II pyrethroid. Either single (170 mg/kg) or repeated (75 mg/kg per day for 5 days) or...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Giray B,Gürbay A,Hincal F

更新日期：2001-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:While numerous surveys highlighted the natural co-occurrence of mycotoxins in food, data about their toxicological combined effects is still limited. This is especially the case for chronic exposure conditions, although the latter are more representative of the mycotoxin risk associated with food consumption than acut...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Smith MC,Madec S,Pawtowski A,Coton E,Hymery N

更新日期：2017-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative deposition of inhaled heterodisperse particles of the size of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS, mass median aerodynamic diameter 0.2 micron, geometric standard deviation 1.5) is about the same in the tracheobronchial tree and is lower in the pulmonary region of the rat than in the same regions of humans. ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Oberdörster G,Pott F

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Soman is a highly toxic organophosphorus chemical warfare compound that binds rapidly and irreversibility to a variety of serine active enzymes, i.e., butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterases and carboxylesterase. The in vivo toxicity of soman has been reported to vary significantly in different animal species, such as rat...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lenz DE,Cerasoli D,Maxwell DM

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine was measured in patients with 'itai-itai' disease, from chronically advanced cadmium poisoning. Elevation of NAG activity, however, was not so marked as that of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) in the urine of patients and suspected patients. We conclude that the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nogawa K,Yamada Y,Honda R,Tsuritani I,Ishizaki M,Sakamoto M

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transition metal cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant which damages the kidneys. Chronic Cd exposure may induce renal fibrosis and/or cancer, but the signaling pathways involved are not understood. The Wnt pathway is a key signaling cascade responsible for renal development, fibrosis and cancer. Hence the ef...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chakraborty PK,Scharner B,Jurasovic J,Messner B,Bernhard D,Thévenod F

更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans organophosphorothionate pesticides (OPT) prenatal exposure has been demonstrated. Since OPT-induced neurodevelopmental effects may be due to in situ bioactivation by foetal enzymes, the catalytic activity of the foetal CYP3A7 toward chlorpyrifos (CPF), parathion (PAR), malathion (MAL) and fenthion (FEN) has ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Buratti FM,Leoni C,Testai E

更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of carcinogenic doses of urethane to male rats (for 30 days) and to females (for 45 days) caused degranulation of microsomes of livers and lungs to approx. 15 and 35%, respectively. The cholesterol levels also declined more than 50% in urethane-treated rats when compared with controls. Studies on struct...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Renuka,Dani HM

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of retrospective studies have suggested that choice of anesthetic drugs during surgical tumor resection might affect tumor recurrence/metastasis, or outcome of patients. The recent study showed that volatile anesthetics-based general anesthesia was associated with the worse outcomes than intravenous anestheti...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tazawa K,Koutsogiannaki S,Chamberlain M,Yuki K

更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosgene Oxime (CX, Cl2CNOH), a halogenated oxime, is a potent chemical weapon that causes immediate acute injury and systemic effects. CX, grouped together with vesicating agents, is an urticant or nettle agent with highly volatile, reactive, corrosive, and irritating vapor, and has considerably different chemical pr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Goswami DG,Agarwal R,Tewari-Singh N

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been many concerns about the possible adverse effects of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals in the environment. Because thyroid hormones are essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of many tissues, disruption of thyroid hormones during the neonatal period of an organism might lead to perma...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fujimoto N,Kitamura S,Uramaru N,Miyagawa S,Iguchi T

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A single, 50 mg/kg i.p. dose of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) to mice significantly inhibited glutathione reductase activity in liver within 10 min, and in lung and heart within 30 min. Maximal inhibition was reached at 4 h in all tissues and glutathione reductase activity remained significantly depress...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kehrer JP

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic has strong human carcinogenic potential, but the availability of an animal model to study toxicity is extremely limited. Here, we used the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(k18(2.9):RFP) as an animal model to study arsenite toxicity. This line was chosen because the red fluorescent protein (RFP) is expres...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wang YH,Chen YH,Wu TN,Lin YJ,Tsai HJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogen mustard (HN-2), also known as mechlorethamine, is an alkylating anticancer agent as well as blister inducing chemical warfare agent. We evaluated the cytoprotective efficacy of amifostine, DRDE-07 and their analogues, and other antidotes of mustard agents against HN-2. Administration of 1 LD(50) of HN-2 (20mg...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sharma M,Vijayaraghavan R,Gautam A

更新日期：2009-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of genetic polymorphisms responsible for reduced DNA repair capacity may allow better cancer prevention. We examined whether variations in genes involved in base-excision (hOGG1, XRCC1) and double strand break (XRCC3) DNA repair contribute to inter-individual differences in genotoxic effects induced in ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Mateuca R,Aka PV,De Boeck M,Hauspie R,Kirsch-Volders M,Lison D

更新日期：2005-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro N-methylating capability of rabbit tissue cytosolic preparations, utilizing S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine as methyl donor, is described. Dialysed preparations from the lung, liver and kidney are capable of N-methylating 3- and 4-phenylpyridines and 3,3'- and 4,4'-bispyridyls; the corresponding 2-subs...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Godin CS,Crooks PA,Damani LA

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Between 1997 and 2011, more than 200 new substances were notified through the early-warning system, with the record number of 49 novel molecules reported in 2011. The pattern of acute toxicity associated with the consumption of these new substances is generally similar to that seen with traditional drugs of abuse. Rec...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Coppola M,Mondola R

更新日期：2012-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical to maintain cerebral homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effects of exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the functional integrity of BBB and, on the localization and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (occludin and ZO-1) in rats. Animals were sham or whol...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ding GR,Qiu LB,Wang XW,Li KC,Zhou YC,Zhou Y,Zhang J,Zhou JX,Li YR,Guo GZ

更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin is an immunologically active tissue. Epidermal cells, both keratinocytes and Langerhans cells (LC), produce constitutively or can be stimulated to produce a variety of cytokines, many of which play important roles in the induction and regulation of allergic responses to sensitizing chemicals. Tumor necrosis f...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kimber I,Holliday MR,Dearman RJ

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study demonstrates an intraspecies difference in elimination of methylmercury between two genetic variant strains of mice. Following a single non-toxic dose of 203Hg labeled methylmercury (0.5 mg Hg/kg i.p.), the half-time of 203Hg elimination in the CBA/J inbred strain was 7.4 days compared to 3.0 days in the CF...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kostyniak PJ

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,2-Dioxetanes, very reactive and high energy molecules, are involved as labile intermediates in dioxygenase-activated aerobic metabolism and in physiological processes. Various toxicological tests reveal that dioxetanes are indeed genotoxic. In supercoiled DNA of bacteriophage PM2 they induce endonuclease-sensitive s...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Adam W,Ahrweiler M,Saha-Möller CR,Sauter M,Schönberger A,Epe B,Müller E,Schiffmann D,Stopper H,Wild D

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungi of the genus Alternaria infest many agricultural crops and produce numerous mycotoxins, of which altertoxin II (ATX II) is one of the most mutagenic metabolites. ATX II carries an epoxide group but the formation of DNA adducts has not been demonstrated to date. We report now that ATX II gives rise to two covalen...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Soukup ST,Fleck SC,Pfeiffer E,Podlech J,Kulling SE,Metzler M

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to 3 or 30 microM stable cadmium (Cd) in the presence or absence of 1.8 or 3.6 mM calcium (Ca). The presence of Ca significantly reduced the efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells regardless of Cd concentration or exposure time. During a 3-h time interval, the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sorensen EM

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of isoflavones on estrogen sensitive tissues are discussed controversially. This study was designed to investigate tissue specific effects of an isoflavone exposure through different periods of life in female Wistar rats and to compare the effects of genistein (GEN) to those of mixed dietary isoflavones, GEN a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hertrampf T,Ledwig C,Kulling S,Molzberger A,Möller FJ,Zierau O,Vollmer G,Moors S,Degen GH,Diel P

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhesus monkeys exposed to marijuana smoke either 7 or 2 days/weeks (HI and LO groups, respectively), or ethanol-extracted marijuana smoke for 7 days/week (EM) or sham treatment (SH) for 1 year were sacrificed 7 months following the last exposure. Pulmonary levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts were determined. Although mea...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Talaska G,Schamer M,Bailey JR,Ali SF,Scallet AC,Slikker W Jr,Paule MG

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) induces nephrotoxicity via one or more metabolites which arise from oxidation of the succinimide ring. The purpose of this study was to examine the nephrotoxic potential of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxysuccinamic acid (3-NDHSA), a potential metabolite of NDPS and a positiona...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rankin GO,Shih H,Teets VJ,Nicoll DW,Brown PI

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00