Abstract：
:Between 1997 and 2011, more than 200 new substances were notified through the early-warning system, with the record number of 49 novel molecules reported in 2011. The pattern of acute toxicity associated with the consumption of these new substances is generally similar to that seen with traditional drugs of abuse. Recently, a new class of synthetic stimulants closely related to pyrrolidine and piperidine compounds and known as pipradrol derivatives appeared in the recreational drug market. These substances, producing amphetamine-like effects, are used by people in substitution of traditional illicit drugs. The aim of this paper is to summarize the clinical, pharmacological and toxicological information currently available about this new class of synthetic drugs of abuse.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Coppola M,Mondola Rdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-07 00:00:00pages
57-60issue
1eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378-4274(12)01111-3journal_volume
212pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In order to gain basic understanding in the ecotoxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals or EDCs (including natural chemicals and some pharmaceuticals), many international research groups are currently testing these chemicals using aquatic invertebrates. This paper discusses relevant examples to address key questions...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00046-2
更新日期：2002-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to test the influence of nanoparticle size and surface area (SA) on cytokine secretion by co-cultures of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549), macrophages (differentiated THP-1 cells) and endothelium cells (EA.hy926) in a two-compartment system. We used monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticle...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.002
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.028
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury is the major component of dental amalgam restorative material, which typically has 50% pure elemental mercury. It is also used in some skin creams, and in the manufacturing of plastic, drugs and fungicides. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicity of methyl mercury (MeHg+) on isolated rat hep...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90149-r
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.023
更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00252-6
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.07.002
更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analyzed from peripheral lymphocyte cultures of 8 men and 16 women who had been exposed to environmental cadmium (Cd), and 6 controls. Average Cd concentrations in blood of the Cd-polluted group were 8.9 micrograms/l for men and 10.0 micrograms/l for women. These were no signific...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90120-7
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.031
更新日期：2016-01-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90008-7
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90087-4
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00013-9
更新日期：2002-03-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90072-3
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03411-0
更新日期：1995-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sublethal exposure to the organochlorine pesticide, dieldrin, decreased the T-cell immune response in mice. Indeed, a transient inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) was noted at 7 days after intraperitoneal exposure to 0.6 LD50 dieldrin. The present study was undertaken to further investigate the effect...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90003-3
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicokinetics is the assessment of systemic exposure in toxicity studies, in which pharmacokinetic data are generated, either as an integral component in the conduct of the nonclinical toxicity studies or in specially designed supportive studies, in order to assess systemic exposure. The data may be used in the inter...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00272-7
更新日期：2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical phenomenon observed in human newborns. A high level of bilirubin can result in severe jaundice and bilirubin encephalopathy. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying bilirubin excitotoxicity are unclear. Our previous studies showed the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.008
更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregnant rats were given di-n-butyltin dichloride (DBT) by gastric intubation at a dose of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 mg/kg on days 7-15 of pregnancy. Maternal toxicity occurred in the 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg groups as evidenced by a significant increase in maternal death and decrease in food consumption and body weight gain...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90047-a
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.044
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a trend towards increasing doses of pralidoxime to treat human organophosphate poisonings that may have relevance in subpopulations. Indeed, pralidoxime is eliminated unchanged by the renal route. This study assesses the effect of renal failure on the kinetics of pralidoxime in a rat model of acute renal fail...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.022
更新日期：2009-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Reports on adverse health effects related to occupational exposure to toner powder are still inconclusive. Therefore, we have previously conducted an in vitro-study to characterize the genotoxic potential of three commercially available black printer toner powders in A549 lung cells. In these cell-based assays it was ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.018
更新日期：2013-02-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Human steroid sulfatase (STS) plays an important role in regulating the formation of biologically active estrogens and may be a promising target for treating estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanism of STS gene expression, however, is still not clear. Growth factors are known to increase STS activity ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.006
更新日期：2013-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate mechanisms of neuronal cell death in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide, we evaluated the regulation of ROS and COX-2 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with CPF. CPF treatment produced cytotoxic effects that appeared to involve an increase in ROS. In addition, CPF treatment activated...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.003
更新日期：2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of the pesticide fipronil (FIP) towards the differentiation of mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. At concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM that were not cytotoxic, as shown by two different cell viability assays, FIP impaired potently after 24h the development ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.009
更新日期：2011-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Xenobiotic exposure is a risk factor in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease. It was recently hypothesized that restricted exposure during brain development could predispose for a neurodegenerative disease later in life. As neuroinflammation contributes to progressive neurodegeneration, it is suspected that neuro...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.001
更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Male rats are the most frequently used experimental animals in drug toxicity tests. However, there are clear sex-related differences in toxicity of various drugs and chemicals in rats. These differences, in most cases, are closely connected with the sex-related differences in hepatic drug metabolisms. Recent studies i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90245-f
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats surviving various single dose of the organophosphorus anticholinesterase nerve agents Soman and Sarin were examined by light microscopy at intervals up to 35 days post-exposure. Brain lesions, identical to those that have been reported elsewhere were present, as well as a previously unreported finding associated ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90192-5
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of copper on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity on vascular endothelial cells from bovine aorta in a culture system. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the [3H]adenine release assay and the histological observation. After a 24-h incubation, cadmium exhibited a significant cytotoxicity on confluent cult...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90103-q
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral administration of stannous chloride (SnCl2) (1.0 mg Sn2$/kg body weight) to rats, twice daily for 28 days, caused a significant increase in the tin (Sn) content and a corresponding decrease of the calcium (Ca) content in the femoral epiphysis, but was without effect on serum Ca, intestinal Ca absorption, and urin...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90259-4
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
