Abstract：
:Interactions of chemicals with cerebral neurotransmitters, receptors, and second messenger systems are often accompanied by similar changes involving components in non-neural tissues. On this basis, indirect strategies have been developed to investigate neural cell function parameters by methods using accessible cells such as platelets or peripheral blood lymphocytes. The validity of certain surrogate markers of biochemical events occurring in the nervous system has been documented by recent studies in both laboratory animals and humans. Although experience with neurotoxicants is still limited, advantages and limitations of methods using peripheral blood cells as indicators of chemically-induced nervous system changes have been documented by a number of studies in psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry. Applicability of this approach in conventional population studies of environmental chemicals remains to be demonstrated. However, recent data regarding the action of low doses of mercury and organophosphates on receptors and signal transduction pathways in peripheral lymphocytes suggest useful applications of certain surrogate markers in mechanistic studies of neurotoxicity in vivo and, possibly, in assessing early biochemical effects of neurotoxicants in humans.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Manzo L,Castoldi AF,Coccini T,Rossi AD,Nicotera P,Costa LGdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(95)03273-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-01 00:00:00pages
63-72issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(95)03273-8journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Bilitranslocase (BTL) is a plasma membrane carrier that transports organic anions of physiological and pharmacological interest. It is expressed in basolateral plasma membrane of kidney and liver. BTL has been recently described as a marker of transition from normal tissue to its neoplastic transformation in human kid...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.022
更新日期：2014-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Norepinephrine-induced contractility and relaxation to acetylcholine of isolated aortas taken from normal and chronic alcoholic rats were measured. Similar experiments were performed adding serum from normal (NS) or alcoholic rats (AS), with or without norepinephrine and acetylcholine. Responses of normal and alcoholi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)03180-0
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid compound that has been shown to protect against liver injury produced by some hepatotoxicants. This study was designed to characterize the protective effects of oleanolic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, and the role of metallothionein in the protection. Oleanolic a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00009-5
更新日期：1998-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:An increased health problem in industrialised countries is the contemporary concern of public and scientific community as well. This has been attributed in part to accumulated environmental pollutants especially radioactive substances and the use of nuclear power plants worldwide. However, the outcome of c...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.004
更新日期：2018-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of intra- and extracellular calcium in the activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to produce reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were studied by using soluble, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or particulate stimuli, quartz or chrysotile. A calciu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03255-j
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nickel (Ni) can disorder testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells, whereas the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in Ni-induced disturbance of testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells. The testo...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.016
更新日期：2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fibroblasts with a resultant increase in lung collagen content. Previous research has implied a possible involvement of the T-lymphocyte in this process. We used cyclosporin A (Cy A), a known immunosuppressant, to deplete T-lymphocyte-depe...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90162-6
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute effects of CHBrCl2 on microsomal lipid metabolism were studied in the liver of male Wistar rats administered a single oral dose (215 mg/kg). 3 h after administration, the modulation of phospholipid metabolism and the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TG) were noted in the microsomal membranes. A marked decrease i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90032-3
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of the cold-receptor TRPM8 by menthol or other tobacco additives can suppress natural defense reactions such as coughing that usually would become effective as involuntary resistance against the inhalation of fumes. In Europe menthol is only regulated as flavor, but can be used as additive as long as no cha...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.020
更新日期：2017-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide widely distributed in the biosphere. ERalpha regulates the expression of genes involved in growth and development, and plays an important role in breast cancer. The present study focuses attention on the effect of HCB (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 microM) on cell prolifera...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.026
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy, which works to remove stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, is usually considered a "pro-survival" signal. Contrarily, apoptosis is programmed "pro-death" machinery. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of ubiquitous industrial pollutants. Our previous studies illustrated that a PCB quinone meta...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.002
更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) oxidised sulphydryl groups in glyceraldenyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with loss of the dehydrogenase activity of the enzyme. 5-Hydroxydopamine behaved similarly at higher concentrations. This oxidation was accompanied by a transient rise in the acyl phosphatase (non-p...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00013-9
更新日期：2002-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Eugenol, a natural phenolic constituent of clove oil, has a wide range of applications in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. However, the effect of eugenol on human glioblastoma is unclear. This study examined whether eugenol elevated intracellular free Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and induced apoptosis in DB...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.023
更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the action of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) on the parameters of the cortical and peripheral evoked potentials was investigated in rats in different administration schemes (20 mg/kg i.p. during recording or 24 h before, and 5x 15 mg/kg daily 28 days before recording) to elucidate some neurophysiological ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.006
更新日期：2006-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical-induced carcinogenesis has been in the focus of toxicological research for many decades. However, the mechanisms leading to tumor formation are only understood with certain substances. The intake of potential carcinogens by inhalation is a major route of exposure. Chemical-induced lung tumors are the final ma...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00285-4
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental pollutants, such as dioxin-like (DL) PCBs, benzo(a) pyrene (B[a]P), and flavonoids are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands and may be excreted in dairy milk. The expression of AHR-target genes, particularly those involved in xenobiotic biotransformation, and their modulation by two DL-PCBs, B[a]P, an...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.013
更新日期：2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ethanol intake can increase the sedative effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate/gamma-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL), although the real clinical impact is unknown. We studied the clinical impact of the co-ingestion of ethanol in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute toxicity related to GHB/GBL us...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.001
更新日期：2019-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) influences sympathetic nerve activity, serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities were analyzed in 84 male workers exposed to TCE and 83 male age-matched controls. The workers were exposed to about 22 ppm TCE in air. There were no significant ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90187-q
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To help minimize errors and confusion in the scientific literature, a few principles can be followed. The original intent and hypothesis of each study should be made clear, and deviations from the initial purpose should be stated. The hypothesis-testing portions of the research need to be clearly differentiated from t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03554-0
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this subacute toxicity study, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was administered daily by oral gavage to SPF-bred Wistar rats of both sexes at dose levels of 20, 60 and 180/120 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for a period of 28 days (for 19 days in the high-dose group). A control group was treated similarly with the vehicle,...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.031
更新日期：2009-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:When considering the state of the art in toxicology from an analytical perspective, the key developments relate to three major areas. (1) Forensic horizon: Today forensic analysis has broadened its scope dramatically, to include workplace toxicology, drug abuse testing, drugs and driving, doping, environmental and vet...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00293-8
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known as efficient mutagens and ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which has been suggested to play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the complex relationship between the genotoxicity and the AhR-mediated activity of...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.011
更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Single doses of primaquine did not produce methemoglobinemia in beagle bitches. Repeated daily administration for 12 days produced a gradually rising level of methemoglobin over that time period, unaccompanied by depletion of erythrocytic reduced glutathione. Primaquine was mutagenic in the Ames test in Salmonella typ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90197-4
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An overview of values for the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) is presented. This comprises the more established TTC values, including those that have been endorsed by regulatory bodies, and those that have more recently been proposed and may still need further development. The overview is structured by use/ex...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.795
更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastrointestinal tract is one of the main targets of cadmium (Cd), an important food and drinking water contaminant. In the present study, the effect of subchronic (30 days) oral (in water) intake of 5ppm and 50ppm of cadmium on immune responses in the gut was examined in rats. Cadmium consumption resulted in reductio...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.002
更新日期：2015-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Early detection and removal of harmful factors are essential to the proper physical and psychological development of the fetus, presumably showing the effects during the prenatal period and after birth. As one procedure to aid in understanding such factors, we have established a shell-less culture system for video mon...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00300-3
更新日期：2001-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic musks are present in fine fragrances, cosmetics, soaps and laundry detergents. One of the most important synthetic musks is 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthaline+ ++ (AHTN; annual production: about 1500 metric tons). An increasing number of studies show that AHTN accumulates in surfa...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00176-9
更新日期：1999-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian xenobiotic-metabolizing sulfotransferases are cytosolic enzymes, which form a gene superfamily (SULT). Ten distinct human SULT forms are known. Two SULT forms represent splice variants, the other forms are encoded by separate genes. Common functional polymorphisms of the transcribed region are known for ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00214-3
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure to arsenic increases the risk of developing a variety of human cancers including lung carcinomas. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying arsenic carcinogenicity remains largely unknown. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis whose defects mig...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.006
更新日期：2020-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The direct or indirect interference with GABA-mediated neurotransmission results in convulsive seizure activity in humans and experimental animals. When this convulsant effect is experimentally analyzed, it turns out to be a product of discrete and restricted cerebral sites of drug action. Depending upon the brain cir...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90215-6
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
