Abstract:
:HIV-1 replicates by infecting new target cells either as cell-free viral particle or, much more efficiently, via cell-to-cell viral transmission. Cell-mediated viral spread, in which the infected cell directly transfers the viral particles to target cells via cell-cell contacts, in vitro is up to three orders of magnitude more efficient that transmission mediated by cell-free viral particles. Because of its potency, it has been suggested that current antiretroviral treatments could be less effective in blocking cell-to-cell viral transmission than cell-free. In this review I will present an overview of the drug-based antiretroviral approaches as well as how the recently identified class of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies could become part of an effective anti-viral strategy. I will discuss how both treatment strategies can be guided by our consideration that cell-to-cell HIV-1 spread is a major route of viral spread also in vivo.
journal_name
Curr Drug Targetsjournal_title
Current drug targetsauthors
Casartelli Nsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-25 00:00:00eissn
1389-4501issn
1873-5592pii
CDT-EPUB-69826pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Due to potential health benefits and the general assumption that natural products are safe, there is an increasing trend in the general population - including pregnant women - to supplement their diet with flavonoid-based food supplements. In addition, preclinical studies aim to prevent developmental adverse effects i...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450116666150804110049
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial resistance of human pathogenic bacteria is an emerging problem for global public health. This resistance is often associated with the overproduction of membrane transport proteins that are capable to pump chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, detergents, dyes and organic solvents out of the cell. In Gram-negat...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945008785747789
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The α7-nAChR plays critical roles in numerous organs and cells by regulating highly organ and cell typespecific functions. In this special issue different Authors have contributed to clarify the different roles played by the α7- nAChR. Post-translational processes such as receptor "underactivation" or "overactivation"...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138945012800398946
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is associated with the increased trans-sialidase activity, which can be detected in the blood plasma of atherosclerosis patients. The likely involvement in the disease pathogenesis made this activity an interesting research subject and the enzyme that may perform such activity was isolated and characte...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450120666190308111619
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the upper urinary tract. Following the FDA and EMA restrictions of first-line treatment with Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab in platinum...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389450121666200510015216
更新日期:2020-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to interfere with the initiation and promotion of breast and other cancers by endocrine manipulation are not new. It is of obvious benefit to cancer patients to administer substances that combine minimal general toxicity with maximal oestrogen inhibition. Raloxifene is a relatively recent addition to a group o...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450013348263
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of oxytocinergic neurons originating in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and projecting to extrahypothalamic brain areas (e.g. hippocampus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord) control penile erection. Activation of these neurons by dopamine and dopamine agonists, excitatory amino acids (N-methyl-...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450033347190
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain is a complex multidimensional concept that facilitates the initiation of the signaling cascade in response to any noxious stimuli. Action potential generation in the peripheral nociceptor terminal and its transmission through various types of nociceptors corresponding to mechanical, chemical or thermal stimuli le...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450120666190131114244
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a recently described condition which traditionally has been diagnosed by the common coagulation tests (CCTs) such as prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet count, and fibrinogen levels. The varying sensitivit...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666160310153211
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are the main, if not the only, lipid target in the effort to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Several primary and secondary CVD prevention trials with statins shaped current guidelines and provided detailed targets across a range...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945007780058933
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombus formation at a site of arterial injury (eg, rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a carotid artery), a crucial step in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, is initiated by the adhesion of platelets to the arterial wall. In vivo, activated platelets release adenosine diphosphate (ADP), whose binding to the...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945010790711987
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last 15 years have witnessed a resurgence of the role of surgical options for prevention of ischemic stroke. The landmark randomized trials including NASCET and ECST were published and explored the role of carotid endarterectomy in this regard. Patients with high grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery (> or...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945007781077391
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The growing number of cellular and molecular pathways believed to be involved in mechanisms of ischemic cell death in the brain has spurred a similar growth in the number of potential neuroprotective modalities, the majority of which are pharmacological in nature. Preventing or minimizing the first few steps in the ca...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450043345209
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (referred here as pancreatic cancer) is a lethal disease with the worst prognosis among all solid tumors. Surgical resection represents the only hope for cure but it is possible only in patients that present with local disease (about 20% of cases). Whether dismal prognosis of pancreati...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945012800564103
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escalating resistance to almost every class of antibiotics is reducing the utility of currently available antimicrobial drugs. A part of this menace is attributed to poor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. Improvement in drug delivery is the most challenging task encountered by the pharmaceutical indus...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450116666151019101826
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human proteins are subjected to more than 200 known post-translational modifications (PTMs) (e.g., phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, methylation, Nacetylation, and citrullination) and these PTMs can alter protein structure and function with consequent effects on the multitude of pathways...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450116666150202160954
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural products represent a rich resource for drug delivery and are currently being exploited to target tumour angiogenesis. A vast array of products of natural origin have been shown to have anti-angiogenic potential in preclinical models, including purified endogenous inhibitors, and exogenous compounds derived fro...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945006776054951
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAP) are intracellular metalloproteins responsible for the removal of the initiator NH(2)-terminal methionine from newly synthesized proteins, thereby facilitating their intracellular translocation from the ribosome. Two types of MetAP enzymes, MetAP-1 (type-I) and MetAP-2 (type-II), whic...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450111009011439
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Metabolic Syndrome is a common metabolic disease associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and mortality. In contrast to "traditional" risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the Metabolic Syndrome represents a network of interacting risk fa...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945007782403838
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Newer classes of medications have been proven useful in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but many do not appear capable to slow down the progressive loss of ß-cell function, or to improve population-level glycemic control. Positive energy balance, e.g. surplus energy intake over expenditure, is at the core f...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450120666181217111500
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis is a pervasive and life-threatening disease for human beings. Currently, 893 million people in 49 countries worldwide affected by lymphatic filariasis as per WHO statistics. The concealed aspects of lymphatic diseases such as delayed disease detection, inappropriate disease imaging, the ...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389450121666200630111250
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is an inducible enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin and other eicosanoids. Molecular pathology studies have revealed that Cox-2 is over-expressed in cancer and stroma cells during tumor progression, and anti-cancer chemo-radiotherapies induce expression of Co...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945011795677764
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandins serve as the connecting link between inflammation and cancer. mPGES1, the downstream enzyme in the prostaglandin pathway is considered a better target than COX-2 against the progression of cancer due to the cardiovascular and other complications associated with the inhibition of the latter. Despite the ...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666160826093137
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multifunctional rational drug design of protein tyrosine kinases inhibitors allows a potent drug to be utilized to treat more than one disease for greater patient benefits. Many protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), including Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), have been identified as potential drug ta...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945006776054997
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heterogeneity of proteoglycans (PG)s contributes to their functional diversity. Many functions depend on their ability to bind and modulate the activity of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ability of PGs to interact with other molecules, such as growth factors, is largely determined by the fine st...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450054863662
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resveratrol (3,4',5 tri-hydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin produced in hudge amount in grapevine skin in response to infection by Bothrytis cinerea. This production of resveratrol blocks the proliferation of the pathogen, thereby acting as a natural antibiotic. Numerous studies have reported interesting properties of t...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945006776359331
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common type of cancer, excluding skin cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death in adult men in the United States. The lifetime risk for developing symptomatic prostate cancer is one in five for an American man. A pivotal step in carcinogenesis is a shift in the ba...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450033491118
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational modification represents an important mechanism to regulate protein function in cardiac cells. Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are a family of protein modifiers that share a certain extent of sequence and structure similarity. Conjugation of Ub or UBLs to target proteins is dynamica...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666151209114608
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with heart failure undergoing non-cardiac surgery still have an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Compromised myocardial physiologic reserves in combination with extensive surgery and anesthesia appear to play a crucial role in determining high perioperative morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, sev...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138945009789108819
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virtual screening for active compounds has become an essential step within the drug development pipeline. The computer based prediction of compound binding modes is one of the most time and cost efficient methods for screening ligand libraries and enrich results of potential drugs. Here we present an overview about cu...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666160201105806
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00