Abstract:
:Currently, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are the main, if not the only, lipid target in the effort to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Several primary and secondary CVD prevention trials with statins shaped current guidelines and provided detailed targets across a range of CVD risk categories. These targets can be attained using effective statins or combination therapy. However, the net benefit in CVD risk reduction may be improved if we address other lipid risk factors. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) emerges from epidemiological studies as the most promising target. This review links the increase in HDL-C levels with clinical benefit from "old" (e.g. sustained release niacin) and new treatment options. Synthetically produced recombined apolipoprotein A-I Milano administered intravenously seems to have a marked effect in reducing the atheroma burden. The anti-cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) vaccine (CETi-1) produces auto-antibodies against CETP thus increasing the cholesterol ester content in HDL particles. CETP inhibitors (e.g. JTT-705 and torcetrapib) seem to be the most promising regimen to increase HDL-C levels. Torcetrapib (already in phase IIIa studies) can substantially increase HDL-C levels (up to 106%), alone or in combination with atorvastatin. HDL-C strategies, in combination with effective statins, are a new drug target aimed at a further reduction in CVD morbidity and mortality compared with statin monotherapy.
journal_name
Curr Drug Targetsjournal_title
Current drug targetsauthors
Athyros VG,Mikhailidis DP,Kakafika AI,Karagiannis A,Hatzitolios A,Tziomalos K,Ganotakis ES,Liberopoulos EN,Elisaf Mdoi
10.2174/138945007780058933subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
483-8issue
3eissn
1389-4501issn
1873-5592journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Long term treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is the standard therapeutic approach to eradicate seizures. However, a small but significant number of patients fail AED treatment. Intrinsic drug resistance may depend on two main and not necessarily mutually exclusive mechanisms: 1) Loss of pharmacological target (...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450033491109
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adenosine pathway is a powerful evolutionarily selected mechanism aimed at a fine modulation of inflammatory responses and protection of tissues from injuries. Adenosine exerts its modulatory effects via interaction with G protein-coupled receptors, designated as A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3). In this regard, extrac...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945012800564095
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes, which has dramatically increased during the last decade normally results from a combination of pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. One of the most recent risk factors identified for type 2 diabetes is a sub-optimal fetal and neonatal environment. Numerous human epidemiological stu...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945007781386866
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nature provides science and society with a virtually unlimited supply of structurally diverse and biologically active molecules; the natural products. While some are directly useful in commercial applications, others are valuable for studying and understanding biological phenomena at the molecular level. An example is...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945011798109509
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Baculoviruses have adapted novel tactics to transcribe their genes during the late stages of replication. These include a DNA-directed RNA polymerase which is evolutionarily divergent from cellular polymerases. The viral RNA polymerase is a multisubunit and multifunctional RNA polymerase that has the ability to recogn...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945007782151324
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's, a degenerative cause of the brain cells, is called as a progressive neurodegenerative disease and appears to have a heterogeneous etiology with main emphasis on amyloid-cascade and hyperphosphorylated tau-cascade hypotheses, that are directly linked with macromolecules called enzymes such as β- & γ-secret...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450119666180820104723
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is an inducible enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin and other eicosanoids. Molecular pathology studies have revealed that Cox-2 is over-expressed in cancer and stroma cells during tumor progression, and anti-cancer chemo-radiotherapies induce expression of Co...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945011795677764
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The α7-nAChR plays critical roles in numerous organs and cells by regulating highly organ and cell typespecific functions. In this special issue different Authors have contributed to clarify the different roles played by the α7- nAChR. Post-translational processes such as receptor "underactivation" or "overactivation"...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138945012800398946
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer is predicted to be the second deadliest malignancy (a median survival of 4-6 months and a 5-year survival of less than 5%) in the USA by 2020. Although current medical detection technologies have dramatically improved the survival rate for patients with other gastrointestinal malignancies, the dismal...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666160622220915
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Osteosarcoma is considered the most frequent primary bone malignancy. Lung metastasis is the leading cause of death and the most consistent factor for predicting negative patient outcome in osteosarcoma. Third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid, have been shown to reduce ...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1573399811666150615145409
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of proteases to developmental, physiological and pathological processes has been well accepted. Cleavage of matrix proteins is a key requirement for cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular environment. The constant process of matrix turnover is dependent on the delicate balance between degr...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945008785909365
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pivotal role of 5-HT in the control of appetite was formally proposed nearly 30 years ago. In particular endogenous hypothalamic 5-HT has been implicated in the processes of within meal satiation and the end state of post meal satiety. Of the numerous 5-HT receptor subtypes currently identified, 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450053174550
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a recently described condition which traditionally has been diagnosed by the common coagulation tests (CCTs) such as prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet count, and fibrinogen levels. The varying sensitivit...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666160310153211
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomedical science is currently undergoing an epoch-marking transition from its classical phase to the post-genome era. The outstanding success of world-wide genome sequencing efforts, evidenced by the recent publication of the draft of the human genome, together with the completion of several genomes of eukaryotic mo...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450023347452
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nanotechnology deals with the manufacturing of materials at the atomic and molecular scale. According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative, nanotechnology denotes those structures which are nearly in 1-100 nm size regime in at least one dimension. OBJECTIVE:Nanotechnology in drug delivery has been evid...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450119666180131105822
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The intracellular multiprotein complex termed the inflammasome functions as a platform of pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as IL-1β and IL-18. Under certain conditions, however, the inflammasome produces non-canonical effects such as induction of cell death, pyroptosis and cell metabolism alteration...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666160817103435
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise worldwide and despite the advances on pharmacotherapy, the etiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remains underexplained. In this context, the migratory waves of the last decades created a challenging setting to...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389450121666201119142045
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of emotion regulation such as anxiety disorders and depression are common and yet debilitating. Accumulating evidence suggests involvement of serotonin (5-HT) in the regulation of emotion. Mice with targeted deletion of genes encoding mediators of the serotonergic transmission have proven to be a powerful to...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450111314050005
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine is one of the most abused substances worldwide and can cause several harmful effects on health. One of the harmful effects, which is often ignored, is osteoporosis. Smoking has been shown to cause a decrease in bone mineral density in humans. Animal studies have proven that nicotine exerts negative effects on...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389450118666170925154428
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cells produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to a state of increased basal oxidative stress. Since this state of oxidative stress makes cancer cells vulnerable to agents that further augment ROS levels, the use of pro-oxidant agents is emerging as an exciting strategy to selectively targ...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945012802009044
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been well recognized that inflammatory responses are part of pathogenesis for various disorders such as autoimmune diseases. For example, multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system that is presumably caused by activated T cells specific for myelin antigens. Rheuma...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945010790980321
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While breast cancer (BC) is commonest malignancy among female with highest death rate, male breast cancer (MBC) is very rare but exhibits highest cancer specific death in men and the incidences of MBCs are rising rapidly. Due to rarity of the disease, no detail information about biomarkers and drug targets available a...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945009787122842
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The plant milk thistle and silymarin has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for the treatment of various ailments including neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and cerebral ischemia for over 2000 years. OBJECTIVE:In this article we review the neuroprotective effects o...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666161227125121
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various strategies for the use of zein for controlled drug release have been investigated and reported in the literature, especially engineering strategies for using zein conjugates to enhance oral bioavailability and targeted delivery, which has attracted interest in recent research. Although still limited, the abili...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389450120666190913124629
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergency of responsive drug delivery systems has contributed to the reduced cytotoxicity, the improved permeability in tissues and extended circulation time of the active drug. Of particular, enzyme-responsive nanoplatforms have attracted a lot due to the specificity and efficiency of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389450122666210114095614
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Rituximab has demonstrated a major effect in B-cell lymphoma and in a wide range of autoimmune disorders. Unfortunately, the blood-brain-barrier excludes the disorders restricted to the central nervous system (CNS) from the action of rituximab. The progressive phase of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prototypical CNS aut...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450115666141029234644
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review we focus on the impact of genetic admixture on pharmacogenomics in the American continent, where five centuries of intermarriage between Amerindians, European and Africans, resulted in the extensive population heterogeneity observed nowadays. We compare two alternative views of human genomic variation, ...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945006779025392
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational modification represents an important mechanism to regulate protein function in cardiac cells. Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are a family of protein modifiers that share a certain extent of sequence and structure similarity. Conjugation of Ub or UBLs to target proteins is dynamica...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389450117666151209114608
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of periodontitis is around 20-50% of global population. If not treated, it can cause of tooth loss. Periodontal treatment aims at preserving the patient's teeth from various methods, including infection control and restoring lost periodontal tissue. The periodontium has great biological regenerative pot...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389450121999201105152639
更新日期:2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::The last decade has witnessed the introduction of a large number of novel, molecularly targeted agents into the therapeutic armamentarium against diverse forms of cancer, including leukemia. Such agents include signal transduction, cell cycle, histone deacetylase, Hsp90, proteasome, and Bcl-2 family member inhibitors,...
journal_title:Current drug targets
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138945007780830764
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00