Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Human milk contains a range of host defence proteins that appear to contribute to health and wellbeing, but their variability in abundance among individuals has not been very well characterised. Milk from mothers of premature infants has altered composition, but the effect of gestation length on the host-defence properties of milk is not known. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the variability and effect of gestation length on the abundance of five host-defence proteins in milk; lactoferrin, secretory IgA, IgG, secretory component, and complement C3. METHODS:Milk was obtained from 30 mothers at their second and fifth week of lactation. These were from three groups of ten mothers having had very premature (V; 28-32 weeks gestation), premature (P; 33-36 weeks) or full term deliveries (T; 37-41 weeks). The concentration of each of the five proteins was measured in each milk sample by either ELISA or quantitative western blotting. RESULTS:The concentration of IgG, and complement C3 ranged 22- and 17-fold respectively between mothers, while lactoferrin, secretory IgA, and secretory component ranged 7-, 9-, and 4-fold, respectively. The V group had significantly lower concentrations of four of the five proteins, the exception being IgG. Levels of these four proteins also decreased between weeks 2 and 5 of lactation in the P and T groups. Significant correlation was found between the concentrations of the host defence proteins within individual mothers, indicating some degree of co-ordinate regulation. CONCLUSIONS:Mothers vary widely in the levels of host defence proteins in milk. Very short gestation length results in decreased abundance of host-defence proteins in milk. This may have functional implications for very premature infants.
journal_name
Early Hum Devjournal_title
Early human developmentauthors
Broadhurst M,Beddis K,Black J,Henderson H,Nair A,Wheeler Tdoi
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.11.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
7-11issue
1eissn
0378-3782issn
1872-6232pii
S0378-3782(14)00292-8journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This century has seen marked improvement in perinatal outcomes but prematurity remains a problem the world over. To improve these results requires more attention to early pregnancy or even pre-pregnancy care. Control of pre-existing conditions, improved social behavior in nutrition, smoking cessation and other factors...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(92)90064-n
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fungal-related morbidity and mortality is a major concern for most neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Incidence rates are increasing and might be higher than reported due to the challenges associated with diagnosing fungal infections. As preterm neonates display clinical characteristics that make them pr...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.01.013
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred consecutive cranial computed tomographic scans were reviewed in children aged 0-2 years, presenting to the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children. The mean age at scanning was 8.3 months and 73% of the scans were abnormal. The majority of scans were performed electively (78%). The commonest indication fo...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(91)90011-q
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modifications of brain-stem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs) in the first 5 days of life of normal full-term infants are reported. BAEPs were recorded using rarefaction clicks at 70, 60, 40, 20 dB HL. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate chronological and gestational age differences for all ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(91)90034-z
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Children with major anatomical congenital anomalies (CA) often need prolonged hospitalization with surgical interventions in the neonatal period and thereafter. Better intensive care treatment has reduced mortality rates, but at the cost of more morbidity. AIM:To study motor-function and exercise capacity i...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.06.014
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The benefit of anti-reflux surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in early infancy is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the value of Nissen fundoplication in a group of infants with severe GOR. METHODS:10 infants underwent Nissen fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux following a failure of...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.09.002
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Septic complications lead to a high mortality rate in very low birthweight infants (VLBWI). Therefore, prognostic markers for the development of sepsis attach importance to start an efficient therapy as early as possible. AIMS:Functional and phenotypical variables of blood monocytes in the cord and peripher...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(01)00245-6
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress due to earthquakes and other natural catastrophic events may result in a decline in the male to female ratio of newborn infants. One reason may be an increased death of male fetuses 3-5 months earlier. Another reason may relate to reduced conception of males and/or early male embryo demise 8-10 months earlier. ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104859
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the highly conserved components of the innate immune system, and have been investigated extensively; however, little is known about TLR function during early postnatal life, a critical period for immune maturation. AIMS:In order to achieve a more complete understanding...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.03.013
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike the defined role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in adult hypertension, ACE gene did not show direct influence on childhood blood pressure (BP), rather, seemed to be related to childhood growth with age-dependent characteristics. Thus, we examined intermediate effects of postnatal growth between the...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.10.008
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To date, no study has compared preterm and full term auditory environments. AIM:To define differences in auditory exposure for preterm infants at term equivalent age in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) compared to auditory exposure in hospital rooms on a labor and delivery ward after full term birth....
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.07.001
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is convenient to calculate milk energy from the creamatocrit but in order to assess the accuracy with which energy content can be predicted in this way, the creamatocrit, the percentage of carbon, and the calorie value of milk were determined in 11 samples of pooled pasteurised human milk. The calculated milk energ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(85)90121-5
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The male-to-female ratio of live births is expressed as the ratio of male births divided by total births (M/F). Males are produced approximately 3% in excess. A large number of factors have been found to influence M/F. Stress and privation reduces M/F. Gender preference (which almost invariably favours mal...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.10.013
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of ultrasound findings in 59 infants with transient periventricular densities is described and the neurodevelopmental outcome of 53 of these infants was compared with 92 of 107 infants with normal ultrasound scans, born during the same 24-month period. Four of the 53 infants with transient periventricula...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(88)90103-x
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Controversy exists regarding association of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, neonatal morbidities and poor neurodevelopment outcome in very low birth weight infants. OBJECTIVE:To determine association between severity of early inflammatory response and neurodevelopment outcome in high risk very low...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.03.009
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although highly beneficial, human milk feeding is challenging in preterm infants due to adverse NICU factors for the infant and mother. AIM:To investigate the effects of an early intervention in promoting infant's human milk feeding and acquisition of full oral feeding. METHODS:This study is part of a RCT....
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.016
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pancreatic protease deficiency may be an aetiological factor in enteritis necroticans, a disease sharing some features of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Using faecal chymotrypsin measurement we have prospectively studied pancreatic exocrine function in infants at risk of NEC. No significant difference was found comp...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(93)90100-9
更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring is a new challenge for clinicians who deal with early detection of dangerous hypoperfusion in the brain, as well as in splanchnic and renal districts in critically ill preterm infants. Previous studies performed on infants and children with congenital heart disease, demonst...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0378-3782(13)70014-8
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Baby Preparation and Worry Scale (Baby-PAWS) addresses expectant mothers' anticipatory worries regarding the transition to parenthood, focusing on practical concerns (i.e., ability to care for the infant, securing childcare, personal wellbeing, and partner involvement). AIMS:The present study describes ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105080
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Newborn infants, especially preterm infants, have an immature immune system, which is not capable to actively protect against vaccine-preventable infections. Therefore, the newborn is dependent on transplacental transport of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), an active, FcRn receptor mediated process. Fetal IgG rises from approx...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.003
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a low oral dose of erythromycin on whole gastrointestinal transit time [WGTT]. Erythromycin [EM] [1.5 mg/kg, 6 hourly] or placebo was given first over 7 days in a double blind randomized crossover study of 21 preterm infants with feed intolerance. Median [r...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(01)00191-8
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here presented are the different human fetal larynx functions. Analysis and observation of the organ show at least three behavioural patterns: swallowing, respiratory and phonetic. The respiratory function coincides with a blood aspiration through the venosus duct (phenomenon measured by pulsed Doppler) which increase...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(95)01721-6
更新日期：1996-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty-four prenatally depressed women were randomly assigned to peer support or interpersonal psychotherapy groups at 22 weeks gestation. The peer support group participated in a 20-minute group session once per week for 12 weeks, and the interpersonal psychotherapy group met for one hour per week for 12 weeks. Assess...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.04.006
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with altered lung development in human and rat. The transcription factor PPARγ, is thought to contribute to lung development. PPARγ is activated by docosahexanoic acid (DHA). One contribution of PPARγ to lung development may be its direct regulation of chromatin mod...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.08.026
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effects of single and repeated courses of antenatal corticosteroids on brain growth in very preterm babies. DESIGN:Retrospective study of 110 very preterm babies delivered at a single University Teaching Hospital between 1992 and 1999 who had a full necropsy including detailed examination...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(01)00144-x
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In planning enteral feeding in the preterm infant, decisions need to be made regarding the feeding schedule, choice of milk, and the route of administration. Feeds should be commenced within a week after birth beginning with subnutritional quantities. Preterm human milk from the infant's own mother is the milk of choi...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(99)00047-x
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Practically all reference curves for Doppler blood flow variables in pregnancy end at 40 weeks. OBJECTIVE:To study fetal and uteroplacental circulatory changes in pregnancies proceeding beyond 43 weeks. STUDY DESIGN:Longitudinal comparisons from 42 to 43 weeks and comparisons with controls at term. MATERI...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(96)01736-7
更新日期：1996-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The sex ratio at birth (usually denoted as M/T=male divided by total births) is influenced by cultural factors. The Chinese Zodiac holds that women born in the Fire Horse year (1966) would be unlucky. It has been shown that significantly less children were born in Japan in this year. This study was carried...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.08.011
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Even though the biological norm in humans is frequent on demand breastfeeding, sparse feeding intervals have become the cultural norm in most Western countries due to a history of on schedule breastfeeding. This discrepancy between the biological basis and the culturally driven practice continues to interfer...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105242
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty appropriate (mean +/- S.D., gestational age (AGA): 29.9 +/- 1.5 weeks) and 15 small (GA: 34.6 +/- 2.4 weeks) for gestational age (SGA) very low birth weight infants fed banked mature human milk were studied until term for anthropometric parameters: midarm (MAC), chest (CC), head (HC) circumferences, triceps (TS...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(87)90051-x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
