Abstract：
:It is convenient to calculate milk energy from the creamatocrit but in order to assess the accuracy with which energy content can be predicted in this way, the creamatocrit, the percentage of carbon, and the calorie value of milk were determined in 11 samples of pooled pasteurised human milk. The calculated milk energy was compared with direct measurements of milk energy by static bomb calorimetry. The errors in calculation ranged from -5.6 kcal/100 ml to + 19.5 kcal/100 ml in milk samples whose measured energy was 34.5 to 63.1 kcal/100 ml. In 9 milk samples energy values were over-estimated by calculation and in the remaining 2 milk samples energy values were underestimated. The correlation between creamatocrit and measured energy value in pooled pasteurised milk was weaker than in previous studies using fresh milk. The percentage carbon was determined in our milk samples as a measure of their total organic constituents, and this appeared to be a more accurate predictor of milk energy than the predictive value of the creamatocrit which is only a measure of milk fat. In pooled pasteurised milk the relatively weak predictive value of the creamatocrit may be due to variations in the other constituents of milk apart from fat which provide energy, namely protein and lactose.
journal_name
Early Hum Devjournal_title
Early human developmentauthors
Smith L,Bickerton J,Pilcher G,D'Souza SWdoi
10.1016/0378-3782(85)90121-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-05-01 00:00:00pages
75-80issue
1eissn
0378-3782issn
1872-6232pii
0378-3782(85)90121-5journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Advances in pharmacology and technology have sharply reduced mortality of extremely preterm infants at the expense of an increasing number of survivors with handicaps and disabilities. The EURONIC study among neonatal intensive care units across Europe demonstrates that treatment of infants born at the limits of viabi...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.10.004
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm children are at risk for executive function (EF) problems, which have been linked to behavior and learning problems in full term children. In this study, we examine the relationship between EF and functional outcomes in preterm children. AIM:To evaluate (1) EF skills of 9- to 16-year-old children bo...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.07.018
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm infants have immature skin, which contributes to skin problems. Very little is known about postnatal changes in the skin, despite the clinical importance of this issue. AIM:To assess temporal changes in skin water content in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN:A prospective observational study. SUBJECTS...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.05.009
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Practically all reference curves for Doppler blood flow variables in pregnancy end at 40 weeks. OBJECTIVE:To study fetal and uteroplacental circulatory changes in pregnancies proceeding beyond 43 weeks. STUDY DESIGN:Longitudinal comparisons from 42 to 43 weeks and comparisons with controls at term. MATERI...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(96)01736-7
更新日期：1996-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular malformations are frequently associated in patients with esophageal atresia (EA). We observed azygos continuation mimicking an aortic arch anomaly in four newborns with type III EA. They presented concomitant rib anomalies indicating a common developmental defect. Foreknowledge is important for planning...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.05.007
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven healthy, full-term babies were studied on the second day (d2) after birth and again 4 weeks (w4) later. The babies lived in natural lighting conditions and were fed every 4 h. Blood pressure, heart rate, skin (abdomen) and rectal temperatures were measured at 10-min intervals for 24 h. Behavioural states (deep ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(94)90039-6
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the highly conserved components of the innate immune system, and have been investigated extensively; however, little is known about TLR function during early postnatal life, a critical period for immune maturation. AIMS:In order to achieve a more complete understanding...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.03.013
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This project aimed to assess the accuracy of Tempa-DOT and FeverScan for measuring children's temperatures. Tempa-DOT is a small flat chemical thermometer with 50 dots that change colour at specific temperatures. FeverScan is a liquid crystal strip thermometer with temperature sensitive colour bars that change colour ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(98)00050-4
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nearly 10% of premature infants are born very preterm at 32weeks gestational age or less in the United States. Up to 35% of these very preterm survivors are at risk for cognitive and behavioral deficits. Yet accurate diagnosis of such deficits cannot be made until early childhood. Resting-state fMRI provides noninvasi...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.06.002
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Children with major anatomical congenital anomalies (CA) often need prolonged hospitalization with surgical interventions in the neonatal period and thereafter. Better intensive care treatment has reduced mortality rates, but at the cost of more morbidity. AIM:To study motor-function and exercise capacity i...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.06.014
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The IPAT Anxiety Scale was administered to a large sample of primiparous women from an economically disadvantaged population in their third trimester of pregnancy. At birth and at three and six months postpartum, the infants and mothers were assessed using a variety of behavioral and standardized procedures. Results i...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(81)90034-7
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Little is known about sex differences in human fetal heart and behaviour. PATIENTS AND METHODS:One hundred twenty-three nulliparous healthy women carrying a male (n=56) or female (n=67) fetus participated in this study. All pregnancies remained uncomplicated and delivery was uneventful. Ultrasound observa...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(03)00047-1
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the preschool neurodevelopmental outcome in CDH survivors between 2 and 5 years of age and to identify perinatal and postnatal factors that may be predictive of persistent neurological deficits. METHODS:The study cohort consists of 60 CDH survivors that were enrolled in our prospective, follow-up...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.12.009
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The autonomy of patients participating in research means that a proper informed consent process must take place. This means that information must be given according to a reasonable person standard implying what legally and ethical a reasonable person participating in the research would want to know. The research must ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.025
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Children born preterm are at risk for developing reading difficulties and for decrements in other cognitive skills compared to children born at term. AIMS:To assess how domains of function, often negatively impacted by preterm birth, predict reading development in children born preterm and at term. STUDY D...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.01.012
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antenatal depression is associated with adverse social-emotional and behavioural outcomes during childhood but there has been little investigation of the impact on infant neurodevelopment during the first postnatal year. AIMS:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of depression during pregnancy on i...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.05.021
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high pre...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105074
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior research in newborns has shown that head-up and head-down tilting elicits sustained increases and decreases in heart rate, respectively. Other studies in older infants have suggested that the pattern of heart rate responses to head-up tilting varies with risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In this stud...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(99)00026-2
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that RhD positive heterozygotes express better health status than RhD positive homozygotes and especially RhD negative subjects. This also applies to pregnant women. According to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, women in better physical condition should have more sons. AIM:To test th...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104864
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare paired antepartum fetal/maternal COHb ratios in whole blood from control and alloimmunized pregnancies and to examine the relationships between fetal and maternal COHb. METHODS:COHb levels were measured in paired fetal and maternal blood samples obtained at cordocentesis in 47 control and 16 Rh-al...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(00)00079-7
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported an increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction in premature/low birth weight infants. The cord blood concentrations of transthyretin (TTR), a thyroid hormone binding protein, have also been found to be decreased in preterm infants. While thyroid hormone concentrations are decrea...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.01.001
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human and animal studies demonstrate that uteroplacental insufficiency and subsequent intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) decrease intestinal growth and lead to both an increased incidence of feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Our objective was to determine the effects of uteroplacental insufficienc...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.04.015
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among 7 subjects with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), we found gabapentin therapy to be associated with mean reductions in nausea and emesis from Baseline to Days 12-14 of 80% and 94%, respectively. There have been 2 congenital defects among 7 exposed infants. Gabapentin may be effective in the treatment of HG. ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.11.003
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Term equivalent age (TEA) brain MRI identifies preterm infants at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. But some infants may experience neurodevelopmental impairments even in the absence of neuroimaging abnormalities. OBJECTIVE:Evaluate the association of TEA amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) measures...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.02.010
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Using pure oxygen (PO) in neonatal resuscitation increases oxidative stress and mortality in full-term hypoxic infants. International neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend air or blended oxygen for resuscitation regardless of gestational age but this requires education and equipment that may not be glo...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.005
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty appropriate (mean +/- S.D., gestational age (AGA): 29.9 +/- 1.5 weeks) and 15 small (GA: 34.6 +/- 2.4 weeks) for gestational age (SGA) very low birth weight infants fed banked mature human milk were studied until term for anthropometric parameters: midarm (MAC), chest (CC), head (HC) circumferences, triceps (TS...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(87)90051-x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal sepsis is frequently accompanied by significant and sometimes life-threatening coagulopathy. More complete understanding is needed of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the interaction of the inflammatory and hemostatic systems. Such information may help focus future studies toward novel ways to...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0378-3782(14)70008-8
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the relation of perinatal factors to severe hypothyroxinemia of prematurity, defined as thyroxine value more than 2.6 standard deviations below the mean for newborns. The 365 survivors of birth before 32 weeks gestation were enrolled in a population-based study of the correlates of neonatal brain injury. I...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(96)01843-9
更新日期：1997-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the applicability of Drotar model when the diagnosis of congenital malformation is made antenatally. METHODS:In a 3-year period (2000-2003) fifty mothers, counselled for fetal malformations amenable to surgical correction at birth, were interviewed. Statistical associations were sought between each...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Among preterm infants, high concentrations of inflammatory mediators in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with poor outcome. Previous studies have not indicated whether CSF concentrations of inflammatory mediators are associated with important confounders such as gestational age. AIMS:To examine asso...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.011
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
