Abstract：
:Stem cells are used to generate differentiated somatic cells including neuronal cells. Synthesis and release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter and widely expressed signaling molecule, were investigated in the murine embryonic stem cell line CGR8 during early differentiation, i.e. in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to maintain pluripotency and in the absence of LIF to induce early differentiation. CGR8 cells express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) as demonstrated by measurement of enzyme activity and substantial inhibition by bromoacetylcholine. Pluripotent CGR8 cells showed a ChAT activity of 250 pmol acetylcholine/mg/h, contained 1.1 pmol acetylcholine/10⁶ cells and released about 12.00 pmol acetylcholine/1 x 10⁶ cells/6 h. Removal of LIF induced early differentiation as evidenced by reduced transcription factors Oct-4 and Nanog and a substantial slowing of the proliferation rate. Under this condition acetylcholine synthesis increased to 1640 pmol/mg/h; related to the pluripotent state the content of acetylcholine increased 10-fold and the release to about 32 pmol acetylcholine/1 x 10⁶ cells/6 h. Enzyme kinetic analysis showed a significant increase of the K(m) for the precursor acetyl-CoA and of V(max) without a change of the K(m) for the precursor choline. In conclusion, early differentiation of the stem cell line CGR8 is associated with a substantial increase in ChAT activity and acetylcholine release.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Wessler I,Michel-Schmidt R,Schmidt H,Kaltwasser S,Unger R,Kirkpatrick CJdoi
10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.052subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-28 00:00:00pages
32-6eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
S0304-3940(13)00413-8journal_volume
547pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We determined the concentrations of the putative transmitter amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (VDBT). In ATD, aspartate and glutamate concentrations were significantly and selectively reduced, while in VDBT, concentration...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(92)90321-w
更新日期：1992-07-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest a physiological role for Cu2+ in regulating nervous system function. In the present study using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, Cu2+ greatly enhanced current activated by 10 microM ATP in the majority of rat nodose ganglion neurons. The enhancement was concentration-dependent betwee...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13186-4
更新日期：1996-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible voltage-dependence of the dopamine transporter (DAT) was investigated using electrophysiological and electrochemical recordings in rat brain slices containing the substantia nigra (SN). Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of DA neurons, revealed that addition of 15 mM KCl rapidly depolarized the membrane po...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00951-3
更新日期：1999-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The content of synaptophysin, a vesicular integral membrane protein of neurons and endocrine cells, and that of vasopressin was measured in neurohypophyses of rats during chronic osmotic stimulation. The animals received 2% NaCl in their drinking water for up to 4 days. Synaptophysin content of neurohypophyses was det...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(90)90771-z
更新日期：1990-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A paired-pulse stimulus protocol was used to measure angular bundle to dentate gyrus paired-pulse inhibition in rats before and after the occurrence of 36 or 72 seizures elicited from the contralateral CA3 region. The seizures showed progressive lengthening. There was a moderate increase in paired-pulse depression 1 h...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(89)90017-7
更新日期：1989-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:These experiments show that a synaptic response, namely the late inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) of hippocampal CA3 neurons of rats, is blocked by pertussis toxin, an inactivator of several GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) excluding the G-protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase. This blockage occurred witho...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(87)90168-6
更新日期：1987-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:When reaching to remembered target locations following an intervening eye movement a systematic pattern of error is found indicating eye-centred updating of visuospatial memory. Here we investigated if implicit targets, defined only by allocentric visual cues, are also updated in an eye-centred reference frame as expl...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.004
更新日期：2012-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In brainstem slices of guinea pigs perfused with artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (ACSF), the discharge of all the spontaneously active neurons of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) is regular. It has been reported that prolonged exposure to a low Ca(2+) medium could induce these neurons to fire bursts of spikes. In t...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01677-3
更新日期：2001-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Arterial pressure (AP) is known to fluctuate during parabolic-flight-induced gravitational changes in human subjects, increasing during hypergravity and decreasing during microgravity. In this study, we examined whether the vestibular system participates in the AP response to the gravitational changes induced by parab...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.052
更新日期：2011-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A broad spectrum caspase inhibitor reduces hypoxic ischemic brain injury. We hypothesized that a specific caspase-9 inhibitor would provide similar protection. Seven-day-old rat pups had the right carotid artery ligated, then were subjected to 2.5 h of 8% oxygen. Caspase-9 activity in the right cortex was measured enz...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00466-x
更新日期：2003-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The distributions of central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce) neurons projecting to different medullary regions were investigated using the retrograde transport of iontophoretically applied Fast Blue or bisbenzimide. Neurons projecting to the nucleus of the solitary tract were located throughout the medial, lateral and ventral...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(89)90605-8
更新日期：1989-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Inattention and impulsivity are the two most important indices for evaluations of ADHD. Currently, inattention and impulsivity were evaluated by clinical scales. The intelligent evaluation of the two indices using machine learning remains largely unexplored. This paper aimed to build regression modes for inattention a...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134874
更新日期：2020-04-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with stroke and head trauma. The purpose of this study was to study brain inflammation and cell death in adult rats 1 h to 4 weeks after injection of blood into the striatum. Terminal dUTP nick-end-labeling positive dying cells were evident 4 h to 4 weeks post-hemorrhage. Neutrop...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00971-x
更新日期：2000-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking has emerged as a fundamental concept for understanding mechanisms of learning and memory as well as many neurological disorders. Classical conditioning is a simple and highly conserved form of associative learning. Our studies use an ex vivo brainstem preparation in which to study cel...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.041
更新日期：2017-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Reflex responses of adrenal sympathetic nerve activity to stimulation of baroreceptor and cutaneous mechanoreceptors were compared in young adult (4 months old) and aged (26 months old) rats, under strictly controlled conditions for anesthesia, respiration and body temperature. Under these conditions the reflex depres...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(87)90585-4
更新日期：1987-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropathy is observed in 50% of diabetic patients with diabetic foot. This study attempted to explore the potential role of human mesenchymal stem cells-umbilical cord blood (hMSCs-UC) in femoral nerve (FN) neuropathy. The model rats were established by one time administration of streptozotocin and empyrosis on the d...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.038
更新日期：2015-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of a chronic 17 beta-estradiol (10 micrograms, b.i.d.) treatment of 2 weeks to ovariectomized rats was investigated on lateral and medial caudate-putamen dopamine receptors. Dopamine D2 receptors were assayed with [3H]spiperone binding to caudate-putamen homogenates or by autoradiography of forebrain sectio...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(87)90048-6
更新日期：1987-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpha-tocopherol and its derivatives have been shown to be effective in reducing cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage. However, the effects of other vitamin E isoforms have not been characterized. In the present study, we investigated the effects of six different isoforms of vitamin E on the ischemic brain damage in...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01293-4
更新日期：2003-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the morphology and distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-diaphorase) cells in the retina of the guinea pig. Two morphologically distinct classes of labelled cells were detected, one with larger, darkly labelled somata commonly located in the inner nuclear layer ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(89)90475-8
更新日期：1989-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Pannexins form single membrane channels that regulate the passage of ions, small molecules and metabolites between the intra- and extracellular compartments. In the central nervous system, these channels are integrated into numerous signaling cascades that shape brain physiology and pathology. Post-translational modif...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.019
更新日期：2019-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Tripeptidyl peptidase-I (TPP-I) is a lysosomal exopeptidase which removes tripeptides from the N-terminus of small proteins. Mutations in the TPP-I gene result in a lethal neurodegenerative disease, late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The pathological consequences of loss of activity are only manifested in ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00841-8
更新日期：2002-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a novel aspect of action of memantine ex vivo, in the brain cortical slices and in vitro, in mixed glial cultures. The drug potently increased the production of kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and nicotinic alpha7 receptors. In cortical slices memant...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.027
更新日期：2008-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Heme oxygenase (HO-1) gene expression was studied in the brains of rats subjected to 30 min global cerebral ischemia followed by recirculation of up to 24 h. Total RNA was isolated from the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. cDNA was taken as template for PCR using HO-1-specif...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)90900-8
更新日期：1994-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was carried out to examine whether γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor mechanisms are involved in the release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the subfornical organ (SFO) using intracerebral microdialysis techniques. Perfusion with the GABA receptor antagonists as well as agonists was perf...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.040
更新日期：2016-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:A combination of immunocytochemistry with transmitter specific autoradiography at the electron microscopic level was used to identify vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- or ACTH-containing neurons and serotoninergic nerve terminals in the suprachiasmatic (SCN) and arcuate nuclei (AN). We observed nerve terminals ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(84)90068-5
更新日期：1984-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The localization of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in the untreated spinal cord of the frog using single or double immunohistochemical stainings. SP and CGRP appear to coexist in the primary afferent fibers and in the marginal and submarginal dorsal horn zones, as well as in th...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(87)90462-9
更新日期：1987-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Brain function relies on the capacity of neurons to locally modulate each other at the level of synapses. Therefore, the exosomal pathway may constitute a well-designed mechanism for local and systemic interneuronal transfer of information within functional brain networks. Exosomes bind to and are endocytose...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134774
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acrylamide is a chemical known to produce neurotoxicity in animals, as well as in humans. The mechanism of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity is not fully known. However, recent studies have revealed that acrylamide affects the dopaminergic system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acryla...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.016
更新日期：2009-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study we sought to investigate the signal transduction mechanisms that underlie the alpha2-adrenergic receptor (AR)-induced, subtype-specific neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Alpha2-ARs induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and p21(waf-1) gene transcription in the same subtype-specific manne...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.066
更新日期：2006-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The nerve growth factor (NGF) precursor protein proNGF is the predominant NGF moiety found in the human neocortex and exhibits pro-apoptotic properties when bound to the p75(NTR) neurotrophin receptor in the presence of sortilin, a Vps10p domain trafficking protein. Recently studies have shown that proNGF levels incre...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.023
更新日期：2010-03-08 00:00:00
