Abstract:
:Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no known cause. There are many clues to suggest an environmental trigger for the disease, including reports of conjugal couples and co-localized employees that developed sALS. On the island of Guam,a very high incidence of sALS occurred among the Chamorro natives back in the 1940s and 1950s and has been linked to the neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) that is produced by cyanobacteria that live symbiotically in the roots of the cycad plant, the seeds from which were a staple of the Chamorro diet. It has been shown that BMAA was biomagnified up the food chain from the cycad seeds to the now largely extinct, indigenous flying foxes, a former delicacy of the Chamorro natives. Recent evidence suggests that long term, chronic exposure to low levels of BMAA might cause ALS in genetically predisposed individuals. Many exposure routes to BMAA have been implicated thus far, including consumption of contaminated food and exposure to water harboring cyanobacterial blooms which have the capability of producing BMAA. Aerosolization is a well documented means for bacterial or toxin exposure causing subsequent illness, as in the case of brevetoxins and pulmonary disease and Legionnaire's disease. We hypothesize that some cases of ALS may be related to chronic exposure to the aerosolization of cyanobacteria derived BMAA from cooling towers and might explain the observation of conjugal ALS couples.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Stommel EW,Field NC,Caller TAdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2012.11.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
142-5issue
2eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(12)00493-8journal_volume
80pub_type
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.05.027
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.05.035
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.045
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.024
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.027
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.2001.1299
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.026
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00