Abstract：
:Studies have suggested that the brain renin angiotensin system (RAS) regulates cerebral flow, autonomic and hormonal systems, stress, innate immune response and behavior, being implicated in several brain disorders such as major depression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT1R) is distributed in brain regions responsible for the control of stress response through peripheral and central sympathetic hyperactivation as well as in the hypothalamic paraventricular region, areas known for the release of several neurotransmitters related to inflammatory response facilitation. This relationship leads to the assumption that AT1R might be the receptor most related to the central deleterious actions of angiotensin II. New evidences from clinical studies have shown a possible role for RAS in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD), a multifactorial disorder with acknowledged presence of neuronal damage via oxidative stress in brain areas such as hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum. Given the studies highlighting AT1R activation as a central pro-inflammatory pathway and, conversely, the involvement of inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of BD; this paper hypothesizes the use of AT1R antagonists for BD management and prevention of its neuroprogression, due to their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
de Góis Queiroz AI,Medeiros CD,Ribeiro BM,de Lucena DF,Macêdo DSdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2012.11.043subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
259-63issue
3eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(12)00524-5journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A comparison of more important physical, chemical and biological properties of the nitric oxide (NO) and free stable nitroxyl radicals (nitroxides) on the base of their structural similarity is made in the article. The active moiety in the nitroxide molecule represents a sterically hindered nitric oxide. The mechanism...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1284
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a common ailment characterized by necrosis of bone trabecular and bone marrow. It's mainly caused by the destruction of the blood supply in the femoral head and high rate of morbidity and disability is involved. Many methods have been tried including conservative treatm...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.028
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that blood-borne metabolites of gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are involved in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases and may serve as markers of cardiovascular risk. To enter the bloodstream the microbiota-derived molecules need to pass the gut-blood barrier (GBB). The ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2016.11.012
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neuromelanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra. Peripheral melanin, found in skin and hair, and neuromelanin appear to have some characteristics in common and share the same precursor for their synthesis; therefore...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.013
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The German doctor Hermann Kümmell described Kümmell's disease as the clinical scenario in which patients suffer a trivial spinal trauma, but develop a symptomatic, progressive, angular kyphosis after a symptom-free period of months to years. Since an intravertebral vacuum phenomenon, which is considered indicative of ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.005
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For a number of years, the principal attention was accorded total serum cholesterol as a possible predictor of cardiovascular pathosis. More recently, emphasis has been shifted to the high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Now consideration is turning to the ratio of total serum cholesterol to high-density lipoproteins. In ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90057-3
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intractable epilepsy has always posed a challenge to management; conventional, surgical and alternative techniques available so far (e.g., vagal nerve stimulation, i.e. VNS). The author has attempted to search for a novel alternative (drug-regime) approach to its management to minimise any invasive technique or surger...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00150-6
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The largely empirical dopamine theory has limited value in clarifying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, due to its inability to explain consistent imaging findings, such as cortical grey matter loss, reduced frontal and thalamic activity, and, reduced D1 receptor load. Furthermore, the most effective drug for treatin...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.06.022
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypotheses regarding the factors that predispose individuals to developing AIDS after exposure to HTLV-III/LAV are beginning to emerge. It is suggested here that surgical removal of tonsils in childhood may increase the risk of developing opportunistic infections after infection with this newly discovered retrovirus. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(86)90076-9
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a severe insult with a high mortality rate, and emergent surgical evacuation is recommended in the vast majority of such cases. Generally, resolution of the hemorrhage requires weeks and months in patients treated conservatively. However, numerous cases of rapid spontaneous resolution...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.019
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A mechanism is proposed for the formation of Ebg-evolved beta galactosidase-of E. coli based on the following assumptions: 1. In the presence of lactose, certain proteins being translated bind to their m-RNA-ribosome complexes; 2. This binding interferes with the release of m-RNA from the bacterial chromosome, marking...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(79)90009-4
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibromyalgia (FM) is a debilitating, widespread pain disorder that is assumed to originate from inappropriate pain processing in the central nervous system. Psychological and behavioral factors are both believed to underlie the pathogenesis and complicate the treatment. This hypothesis, however, has not yet been suffi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.006
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Timely recanalization of infarct related artery along with effective myocardial cell reperfusion represents a major challenge in the management of STEMI. The reperfusion of coronary arteries can induce further cardiomyocyte death by generating oxidative stress, which itself can mediate myocardial damage through a numb...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence from clinical and experimental studies has shown that placebos influence mood and behavior, that endogenous opioids are involved in the placebo effect, and that the endogenous opioid system is related to psychological events. Recent studies have also demonstrated that the endogenous opioid system is closely c...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90105-5
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metformin, a drug widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been the focus of interest as a potential therapeutic agent for certain types of malignancies, including gynaecological cancers [i.e. endometrial cancer (EC)]. Although the exact mechanism behind the potential anticancer activity o...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109420
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are two deadly neuromuscular degenerative diseases of childhood. Knowledge on their pathophysiological mechanisms may direct us towards treatment or a cure. Although these diseases are caused by two totally different gene-mutations and cause ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109589
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An immune modulation complex is proposed which recognizes and is driven by an MHC presented epitope of the CD4 molecule present on the surface of up regulated CD4+ lymphocytes. Immune modulation is affected by both CD4 lymphocyte destruction and impairment of their potential for immune recognition. These two processes...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90123-8
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD) among children in developed countries is extremely high. Although, dietary factors have long been implicated, to date no single causative element has been identified. Risks or benefits for CD from dietary elements would depend on their appropriate metabolism within ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00401-2
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Jet lag is a travel-induced circadian rhythm phenomenon that afflicts healthy individuals following long- distance flights through several time zones. The typical jet-lag manifestations - insomnia during local sleep time, day fatigue, reduced concentration, irritability, and exhaustion with mild depression - are attri...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1094
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular nucleotide-induced stimulation and activation of peripheral blood leukocytes and subsequent degranulation play a critical role in immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction and other inflammatory diseases. The extracellular nucleotides stimulate a P2Y receptor(s) on human PMN with the pharmacological profi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00213-x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyslipidemia is a common pathology throughout the industrialized world, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are often administered to treat elevated lipid levels. Substantial concern has been raised regarding the aggressive clinical lowering of cholesterol, particularly in light of a growing body of research li...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.018
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in a variety of clinical settings of atherogenesis, and mediates many pathways linked to atherosclerosis and inflammation. gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione, may directly take part in atherogenesis an...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.010
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An association between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and low CSF and serum vitamin B12 (B12) has recently been described (1, 2, 3). This is apparently independent of nutritional intake (4). It has been suggested that such patients may exhibit an atypical form of cobalamin deficiency (3, 4). It is therefore proposed that th...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(92)90074-m
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Incidental pituitary adenoma is the common finding during brain imaging. According to multistep model of pituitary tumourigenesis genetic alterations provide the initiating event that transforms cells while hormones play a role in promoting cell proliferation. Development of pituitary adenoma in a case of excessive hy...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.11.044
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Along with oxygen, glucose is an essential macronutrient for most cells, a source of carbons for biosynthesis and energy. However, alongside this indispensable role for cell survival and growth, glucose is intrinsically toxic by reacting with primary amines such as lysine in proteins in a non-enzymatic glycation proce...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.017
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intra-peritoneal adhesions ensuing from surgery or infection may lead to chronic pelvic pain, bowel obstruction, infertility and additional invasive surgery to resolve adhesion-related complications. As a result adhesions are a major clinical, social and economic concern. The cumulative year-on-year direct costs of ad...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.020
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracts of the unripe fruit of Momordica charantia--bitter melon, which flourishes throughout the tropics--appear to have utility in the management of type 2 diabetes. Rodent studies suggest that the thus-far-uncharacterized active components of such extracts enhance the efficiency of postprandial glucose storage in ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.01.041
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delivery of large DNA constructs is necessary for combinatorial, anti-aging gene therapy. However, this is hindered by the lack of a non-inflammatory vector with sufficient packaging space and the ability to effectively spread through tissue. It is possible that a mitochondrion, altered to be able to secrete therapeut...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.014
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psammoma bodies are structures classified in the group of dystrophic calcifications, which occur in some kind of tumors and in choroid plexus during the aging process. Despite early discovery of their presence in choroid plexus stroma, mechanisms responsible for their formation remained unclear. Their presence in some...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.006
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia, if not the most difficult, is one of the most difficult mysterious puzzles for psychiatrists, psychologists, and neuroscientists to solve. In this paper, based on the previously known pathologies of schizophrenia, a new model is proposed for explanation of the formation of positive psychotic symptoms of...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.03.054
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
