Abstract：
:Almost all solid tumors consist of aneuploid cells with highly abnormal chromosome numbers. Such cancer cells could very well originate from chromosome missegregation which is a disturbingly common phenomenon, happening in 0.01 to 4 percent of cell divisions. Missegregated cells are aneuploid, typically lacking a chromosome or having one in surplus. Missegregated cells have mutation in the gene dose of the perhaps a thousand genes on a chromosome in one step. After missegregation cell division cannot be done right, as at least one daughter cell has a faulty chromosome number. At division in cells with surplus chromosomes the number will tend to increase due to mismatch in the division machinery. The organism has a number of repair mechanisms in place to prevent potential damage of accumulating aneuploidy. The first is the roll-back of the cell division itself, leading to tetraploidy or sometimes two nuclei in one cell; another is the prevention of further divisions. A very important one is induction of apoptosis, the cellular suicide. A special case is the elimination of the nucleus itself in the formation of red blood cells. Many aneuploid cells are probably eliminated by the immune system. A hypothetical mechanism would be the prevention of metastasis. Missegregation increases with age when the chromosomes lose their protective telomere ends at the Hayflick limit after about 50 divisions, and the unraveled chromosomes fuse and break. For cancer to develop all of these repair mechanisms must fail. The hypothesis offers a straightforward rationale for the multiple hit hypothesis of cancer development.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Engvild KCdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-01 00:00:00pages
121-123eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(18)30837-5journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Recent advances into the neuroscience research related to pathophysiology of schizophrenia have been impressive. While some are based on pre-existing theories and models, others have explored on a molecular level attempting to integrate the concepts of the past and present. However, given the complex multifactorial et...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1511
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90028-7
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1997.0774
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90135-6
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90122-8
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.01.009
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(84)90156-7
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109680
更新日期：2020-03-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.12.021
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 社论
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更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.018
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(89)90105-9
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.026
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(84)90117-8
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.045
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109262
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(94)90049-3
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 信件
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更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(88)90140-5
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.053
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
