Abstract：
:The type of treatment that most psychiatric disturbances receive at present is a mixture of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, following the principle that mental functions are the result of the activities of brain machinery subsequent to the interaction between individuals and their external environment. We now know the molecular mechanism of action of several psychoactive drugs but have scant understanding of the correlation between molecular events and mental function. As for psychotherapy, we know that it may have beneficial effects on patients' behavior but ignore the issue of whether this has any correlate at molecular level. A black box still exists between drugs, neurotransmitters, receptors, and the higher brain functions defined as anxiety, emotion, arousal, etc. Yet mental treatments imply a therapeutic method in which the blend of drugs and words administered to patients is determined by the choice of the therapist and by the specific pathology recognized through clinical diagnosis. In this epistemologically confused situation, the pharmaceutical industry is playing a major role in orientating the medical profession towards the use of more and more powerful neurotropic substances with very detailed molecular actions and plenty of side-effects. Nevertheless, the use of psychotropic drugs has allowed the opening of the psychiatric hospitals and the 'liberation' of millions of psychiatric patients. This beneficial effect is counterbalanced by the dependency of millions of individuals on psychotropic drugs. The situation leads to a number of questions relative to the possible links among words, molecules, and behaviors. The present paper illustrates a theoretical model which can be used to compare and contrast psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Galzigna Ldoi
10.1054/mehy.1997.0774keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
43-7issue
1eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(97)90774-Xjournal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:P53 is an oncosuppressor protein which acts via transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. The transcriptional function of p53 is mediated by specific responsive elements (RE). In the present study we found one perfect p53 RE located in the first intron of the gene encoding for CD58 (lymphocyte function Antig...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1476
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidural haematoma in newborn infants is rare, and few specific obstetrical data related to its formation are available in the literature. The aim of this study is to discuss the pathophysiology of this condition. EDH is always a post traumatic lesion and it is only possible if the insult has produced a cleavage of th...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.045
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 15 million Americans including over 5 million children suffer from asthma, the most common chronic disease in childhood. The prevalence of pediatric asthma has risen sharply over the past four decades, with the sharpest increases occurring in children younger than 6 years and in urban, predominantly mino...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.001
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Yawning is a stereotyped event that occurs in humans and animals from fish to mammals, but neither its mechanisms nor its functions are entirely known. Its widespread nature suggests that it has important physiological functions. It is associated with stretching of muscles in a large area, but the function of this str...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.06.027
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In smoking cessation trials, placebo response rates are reported to be rather low, and they are lowest when compared to the placebo response rates of treatment of other addictions. We hypothesized that high placebo response rates in trials outside of cessation treatment may predict low participation of smoke...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2014.06.012
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A five-step hypothesis on the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is presented. Weak immune suppressor activity gives a predisposition for the development of the disease, after which a non-specific immune stimulation can initiate a self-perpetuating uncontrolled stimulation between interdigitating cells (IDCs), mac...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(84)90156-7
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most affected cognitive impairments in children who experienced heavy burdens of diarrhea is semantic fluency, the same impairment that is most affected in Alzheimer's dementia. These findings are leading us into provocative genetic studies that may elucidate the evolution of such genetic polymorphisms as t...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.05.013
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bipedal locomotion and fine motility of hand and larynx of humans introduced musculoskeletal adaptations, new pyramidal, corticostriatal, corticobulbar, nigrostriatal, and cerebellar pathways and expansions of prefrontal, cingular, parieto-temporal and occipital cortices with derived new brain capabilities. All select...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.034
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Howard Gardner identified five different kinds of creative activity among eminent creators, namely, solving a well-defined problem, putting forth a general conceptual scheme, creating a product that embodies ideas, stylized innovation of an art form, and a 'high-stakes' performance in the socio-political arena. In thi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1998.0777
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exact aetiology of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is unknown, although this is the most common cardiac valvular abnormality currently detected. MVP has high incidence in young individuals, particularly during the second and third decades. These individuals are usually of a slender body habitus indicating higher rates...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0016
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether retroviral integration is a phenomenon specific to properties of the surrounding genomic region is a widely debated question. In this paper we attempt to enlight the involvement of genomic regions prone to DNA double strand breaks in such process, as well as the more general concept of genome plasticity concer...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00410-3
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of uncertain etiology. In MS, neurodegeneration is thought to be secondary to autoimmune-mediated damage. However, no cohesive explanation yet exists as to how environmental factors interact to induce a neurodegenerative autoimmune response. Insufficient sunlight ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.01.031
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Micelle is a stable, passively targetable and solubilizing minute particle, and plays a key role to anticancer drug delivery for chemotherapy. With an increasing number of novel polymeric micelles synthesized, many anticancer drugs have been core-encapsulated in the micelles. However, only single drug was studied as t...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.002
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The symptom spectra of several 'popular press' diagnoses are examined and compared to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IIIR criteria for somatization disorder, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder. While there is much overlap, there are clear distinctions, and these psychiatric terms do no...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90182-6
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a severe insult with a high mortality rate, and emergent surgical evacuation is recommended in the vast majority of such cases. Generally, resolution of the hemorrhage requires weeks and months in patients treated conservatively. However, numerous cases of rapid spontaneous resolution...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.019
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ample intakes of fruit and vegetables have been linked epidemiologically with reduced risk for coronary disease, stroke, hypertension, obesity, many types of cancer, chronic pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, and various ocular disorders. The favorable impact of diets rich in fruit and vegetables on coronary risk has be...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.09.058
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammation and the genes, molecules, and biological pathways that lead to inflammatory processes influence many important and disparate biological processes and disease states that are quite often not generally considered classical inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. These include development, reproduction, aging,...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.02.019
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The existence of homosexuality in humans poses a problem for evolutionary theory. Exclusive male homosexuality has a catastrophic effect on reproduction and yet inherited factors appear to contribute to it. Previous attempts to resolve this conundrum are inconsistent with aspects of evolutionary theory. Additional lim...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00363-8
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melatonin is well recognized for its role as a potent antioxidant and is directly implicated in the free radical theory of aging [1] [Reiter RJ, Pablos MI, Agapito TT, Guerrero JM. Melatonin in the context of the free radical theory of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996;786:362-78]. Moreover, melatonin has been shown to ret...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.041
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of the age distribution of cancers of the uterus reveals three clearly distinctive types: early- and late-onset cancers of the cervix and one form of cancer of the corpus. England and Wales mortality data are available for the three types combined from 1911; cancers of the cervix and corpus have been listed s...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(86)90086-1
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ontogenesis might be considered as the development of phylogenetically consequent genic systems that mainly imply: homoeotic genes and ras protooncogene in segmentation; ras and myc protooncogenes in gastrulation; ras, myc and other nuclear protooncogenes in organogenesis; ras myc, other nuclear and cytomembrane proto...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(89)90033-9
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a severe threat to global health management system since it has been detected in the human body. This pandemic was prompted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rapidly developed into a public emergency with an alarming incr...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110178
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent unprecedented increase of childhood obesity has led to an alarming rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) among these children. The process underlying the progression from simple obesity to T2D is not well understood. Cortisol is a candidate factor in the pathogenesis of T2D, as it can exacerbate insulin re...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.04.020
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid produced by the breakdown of methionine. Plasma homocysteine levels can be elevated due to a variety of genetic and nutritional factors. Poor nutrition from diets low in folate and vitamin B12 can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Mildly elevated levels of homocysteine have b...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1116
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is an intermediary metabolite that is found in relatively high concentrations in the human brain. More specifically, NAA is so concentrated in the neurons that it generates one of the most visible peaks in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, thus allowing NAA to serve as "a neuronal marke...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.047
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new approach to antiviral therapy is proposed, taking advantage of the recently investigated innervation of immune tissues by the sympathetic nervous system, which establishes a functional connection between the nervous and the immune system, where the sympathetic nervous system exerts a varying tonic inhibitory inf...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(95)90097-7
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory eye diseases such as uveitis are common and may eventually result in vision loss. Iron can play a critical role in ocular inflammation via promoting the generation of oxygen free radicals and it is also nutritionally essential for microbial growth. Considering this involvement of iron in inflammation and ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.029
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis is defined as the process of ''programmed cell death'' (PCD), during which many cells simultaneously die from within along a very orderly pattern. PCD is as intrinsic for cells as mitosis and is involved in both degenerative and developmental processes of organs and organisms. The pattern of apoptotic cell d...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.006
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although Still's disease has been first described more than one century ago, it still appears as an orphan entity, which should be separated from the other auto-inflammatory diseases (AID). The main reason to individualize Still's disease among the AID is the absence of any genetic predisposition. Recently, the human ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.009
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful condition that causes great discomfort. Although this disease has been known for more than 1000years, there is still no consensus on its underlying mechanism or treatment. Many hypotheses have been reported to explain the cause and nature of trigeminal neuralgia. These include theorie...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.008
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
