Abstract：
:Liver X receptors (LXR) are members of the nuclear receptor family. As activated transcription factors, their putative association with human diseases makes them promising pharmacological targets because of the large potential to develop ligands. LXR are mainly considered as intracellular cholesterol "sensors" whose activation leads to decreased plasma cholesterol. They also modulate numerous physiological functions: fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, glucose homeostasis, steroidogenesis, immunity, and neurological homeostasis. LXR-deficiency in mouse results in several phenotypes mimicking pathological conditions in humans. This review will be focused on the various natural and synthetic LXR agonists and antagonists. Putative clinical targets including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, skin disorders, and cancer will be covered.
journal_name
Mol Cell Endocrinoljournal_title
Molecular and cellular endocrinologyauthors
Viennois E,Mouzat K,Dufour J,Morel L,Lobaccaro JM,Baron Sdoi
10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.036subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-04 00:00:00pages
129-41issue
2eissn
0303-7207issn
1872-8057pii
S0303-7207(11)00518-1journal_volume
351pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Testes from rats of different maturational ages were explored for presence of paracrine sertoli cell growth factors. Pubertal and adult testes contained a 17 kDa protein, with potent stimulatory effect on immature Sertoli cell multiplication in vitro. The bioactivity of this protein was mimicked by rat interleukin-1 (...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00680-3
更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The decidualization process involves phenotype and functional changes on endometrial cells and the modulation of mediators with immunoregulatory properties as the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We investigate VIP contribution to the decidualization program and to immunoregulation throughout the human embryo impl...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.006
更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism by which hCG increases the rat testicular vascular permeability was studied by injecting the testes with hCG (0.1-100 ng) together with testicular interstitial fluid (150 mul) or with the fluid alone (control) and measuring the uptake of i.v. injected [125I]hCG and the interstitial fluid volume in the te...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(86)90138-3
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (hCRF-R1) functional transcript is mainly expressed in the anterior pituitary corticotrophs, a tissue usually not available for clinical investigation. Splice variants translated into defective isoforms of the receptor have been described in few peripheral tissu...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00359-3
更新日期：2003-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes-induced neutrophil NETosis impairs wound healing through neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK1/2 and p38 is involved in NETosis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous signaling molecule, accelerates diabetic wo...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.013
更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Basal and gonadotropin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was assessed in testicular tissues obtained from men (20-80 years). A disparity was observed in the gonadotropin responsiveness of the human testicular adenylate cyclase system to hFSH and hCG stimulation. Of the tissues analyzed, 61% were FSH responsive and...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(85)90006-1
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolism of progesterone (PROG) by cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) results in the formation of both 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHPROG) and 16α-hydroxyprogesterone (16-OHPROG) in humans. Unlike 17-OHPROG, 16-OHPROG is not metabolised further in steroidogenic tissue. While this metabolite ca...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2010.11.016
更新日期：2011-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The conversion of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroids by the enzyme complex 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) is an obligatory step in the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids in classical steroidogenic as well as in peripheral tissues. To develop a model more closely rel...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(91)90224-g
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five overlapping synthetic peptides representing two regions of thyrotropin (TSH) binding sites of human thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) (peptides 12-30, 24-44, 308-328, 324-344 and 339-364) were investigated for their ability to cause proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from eight patients with Graves' di...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(93)90077-w
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Berberine has been shown to have insulin-sensitizing effect, but the molecular mechanism underlying remains elusive. In this work, we investigated the effect of berberine on insulin-induced signal transduction and glucose uptake in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle cells. Berberine incre...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.027
更新日期：2010-04-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocyte cell lines were established from five patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II (VDDR-II). These lines were established by infection with human T-lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I). Binding of [3H]1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to its receptor in these cell lines was compared to bind...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(90)90053-b
更新日期：1990-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone tissue is especially receptive to physical stimulation and agents with the capacity to mimic the signalling incurred via mechanical loading on osteoblasts may find an application in a bone regenerative setting. Recently this laboratory revealed that the major serum lipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), co-operated ...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.032
更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease composed of different risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes or dyslipidemia. The prevalence of this syndrome is increasing worldwide in parallel with the rise in obesity. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most frequent chronic liver disease in western co...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.018
更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Globally, the aging population is growing rapidly, creating an urgent need to attenuate age-related health conditions, including metabolic disease and disability. A promising strategy for healthy aging based on consistently positive results from studies with a variety of species, including non-human primates (NHP), is...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.011
更新日期：2017-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, the concept has been established that breast cancer cells that express LH/CG or LHRH receptors can be targeted and destroyed by constructs consisting of a lytic peptide moiety and a 15-amino acid segment of the beta-chain of CG or by an LHRH lytic peptide conjugate. Dat...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2005.12.056
更新日期：2007-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:In the 40 years of transferrin research, no previous role for apotransferrin has been recognized other than to serve as a plasma carrier for dietary and storage iron. Our studies have revealed a new 'autocrine' growth role for this molecule as well as a possible new cell-cell bridge/CAM function. Certainly, these obse...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(91)90053-u
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulation of the insulin receptor by cAMP has been examined in glial C6 cells. Incubation for 48 h with dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced a dose-dependent inhibition of 125I-insulin binding to the cells. Other agents that elevate intracellular cAMP levels such as forskolin and cholera toxin mimicked the effect of thi...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(89)90127-5
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ADMA accumulation, mainly due to a decreased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity, has been related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. We investigate whether estradiol prevents the changes induce...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2012.08.020
更新日期：2013-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Cumulus enclosed or denuded oocytes obtained from ovaries of 25- to 27-day Sprague-Dawley rats underwent spontaneous germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) when cultured for 6 h in Krebs-Ringer's buffered solution (KRBS). This spontaneous division was found to be inhibited by adding beta-endorphin to the culture system and...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(90)90191-a
更新日期：1990-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates maximally both the release of previously synthesized prolactin and the de novo synthesis of prolactin by GH4C1 rat pituitary cells at concentrations less than those necessary to fully occupy the TRH receptor at equilibrium. We have examined the dependency of maximal TRH-e...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(85)90081-4
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenylate cyclase activity and its modulation by guanine nucleotides and isoproterenol were assessed in adipocyte membranes of mice with mutations causing different genetic obesity syndromes. The object was to determine whether the defect in inhibitory modulation observed in the obese (ob/ob) mouse was also present in...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(88)90101-3
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fibromuscular stroma (FMS) separated from the seminal vesicles of adult guinea pigs incorporated [35S]methionine into a 12 500 X g soluble fraction in vitro. Incorporation decreased 60% in tissues from 7-day castrates with no further change up to 21 days post-castration. Administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestostero...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(84)90114-x
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adrenocortical tumor (ACT), a rare tumor with a heterogeneous presentation, incompletely understood pathogenesis, and generally poor prognosis, occurs in 1-2 people per million and is even more uncommon in the pediatric population. Such rare cancers are a challenge to clinical practice. Exchange of experience, informa...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.015
更新日期：2012-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Puberty is a time of striking changes in cognition and behavior. To indirectly assess the effects of puberty-related influences on the underlying neuroanatomy of these behavioral changes we will review and synthesize neuroimaging data from typically developing children and adolescents and from those with anomalous hor...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.016
更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that ovulation is induced by luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. However, the down-stream factors that mediating LH surge induced ovulation are less clear. The cyclooxygenases (also known as PTGS) as key enzymes for prostaglandins synthesis appear to be important for ovulation in mammals, but their functi...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.042
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Renin secretion was stimulated in rats by adrenalectomy (ADX), by treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (MK 421), or by feeding a low salt diet plus furosemide treatment (FUR). Relative amounts of renin mRNA were measured by densitometric Northern blot analysis using a 32P-labeled 700 bp mouse subma...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(87)90020-7
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptional control of steroid-regulated gene networks by nuclear receptor proteins results in the coordinate expression of a limited number of target genes. Although much is known about the structure and function of steroid receptors, relatively few cell-specific steroid-regulated genes have been isolated and cha...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(95)03481-l
更新日期：1995-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) has been widely used to demonstrate redox systems, particularly in phagocytizing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Based on the striking similarities between redox metabolism in leukocytes and in the thyroid, we studied NBT reduction by microscopic techniques and NBT effects in thyroid metaboli...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0303-7207(82)90004-1
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of adipocyte progenitors is determined early in foetal and neonatal development in a process which may be altered by gender and excess nutrient intake, and which in turn determines fat mass in adulthood and the risk of developing obesity. Here we investigate the hypothesis that excess nutrients, in this cas...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mce.2012.03.010
更新日期：2012-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:During critical periods of development, hypothyroidism causes abnormalities of the central nervous system such as incomplete maturation of neuronal and glial cells, reduction in synaptic densities and myelin deficits. In this study expression of development regulated genes, ie transcription of beta-actin, sema 3F, CRM...
journal_title：Molecular and cellular endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00592-5
更新日期：2001-11-26 00:00:00
