Abstract：
:Overload principle of training states that training load (TL) must be sufficient to threaten the homeostasis of cells, tissues, organs and/or body. However, there is no "golden standard" for TL measurement. The aim of the present study was to investigate if post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV) could be used to evaluate TL of interval running exercises with different intensities and durations. Thirteen endurance-trained men (35 ± 5 years) performed MO(250) [moderate intensity, 2 × 6 × 250 m/rec 30 s/5 min at 85% of the maximal velocity of the graded maximal test (V (max))], MO(500) (2 × 3 × 500 m/rec 1 min/5 min at 85% V (max)) and HI(250) (high intensity, 2 × 6 × 250 m/rec 30 s/5 min at 105% V (max)) interval exercises on a treadmill. HRV was analyzed during rest, exercise and immediate 15 min recovery. Fast recovery of LFP (P < 0.001), HFP (P < 0.01) and TP (P < 0.01) occurred during the first two recovery minutes after each exercise. Strong negative correlations (P < 0.01) were found between post-exercise HRV and perceived exertion as well as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Post-exercise HRV differentiated interval exercises of equal work, but varying intensity or distance of running bout. The results of the present study suggest that immediate post-exercise HRV may offer objective information on TL of interval exercises with different bout durations and intensities.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Kaikkonen P,Hynynen E,Mann T,Rusko H,Nummela Adoi
10.1007/s00421-011-2031-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
829-38issue
3eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:The present study investigated the changes occurring in interstitial metabolite concentrations and blood flow in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle during the post-exercise recovery period following a single 2-h bout of one-legged exercise. In addition, the effect of microdialysis perfusion with insulin or the in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0753-3
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of shock attenuation during high-speed running. Maximal running speed was identified for each subject [n = 8 males, 25 (SD 4.6) years; 80 (8.9) kg; 1.79 (0.06) m] as the highest speed that could be sustained for about 20 s on a treadmill. During testing, ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0646-9
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triglyceride-rich postprandial lipoproteins are known to activate endothelial cells in vitro, contributing to atherosclerosis. Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are membranous vesicles released into the circulation from vascular endothelial cells that permit cell activation to be monitored in vivo. The objective of the...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1050-5
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of an 8-week endurance training program on repeated-sprint (RS) performance and post-sprints muscle reoxygenation rate in 18 moderately trained males (34 ± 5 years). Maximal aerobic speed (MAS), 10 km running and RS (2 × 15-s shuttle-sprints, interspersed with 15 ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1654-9
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Voluntary breath-holding (BH) elicits several hemodynamic changes, but little is known about maximal static immersed-body BH. We hypothesized that the diving reflex would be strengthened with body immersion and would spare more oxygen than maximal dry static BH, resulting in a longer BH duration. METHODS:Eleve...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2690-z
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Polyphenolic curcumin is known to have potent anti-inflammatory effects; thus the present study investigated the hypothesis that curcumin ingestion would attenuate muscle damage after eccentric exercise. METHODS:Fourteen untrained young men (24 ± 1 years) performed 50 maximal isokinetic (120°/s) eccentric cont...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3170-4
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated bouts of eccentric exercise on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) threshold, a measure of sensitivity in the spinal nociceptive system. METHODS:Sixteen healthy students (age 25.7 ± 0.6 years, BMI 24.8 ± 1 kg m(-2)) participated in this ra...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2701-0
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the effect of acute quercetin (Q) ingestion on neuromuscular function, biomarkers of muscle damage, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in response to an acute bout of resistance training. METHODS:10 young men (22.1 ± 1.8 years, 24.1 ± 3.1 BMI) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3834-y
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present experiment investigated the control of bipedal posture following localised muscle fatigue of the plantar-flexors and finger-flexors. Twelve young healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. They were asked to stand upright as still as possible with their eyes closed in two randomly ordered exper...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2009-x
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coordination of the respiratory rhythm with the rhythm of limb movements has often been observed during rhythmical exercise (e.g. in locomotion). It is usually associated with changes in the respiratory time course, but not in the locomotor rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesised that in walking, the extent of coordination...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000224
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our objective was to determine the effects of long-lasting endurance events on the energy cost of running (C(r)), and the role of maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), its fractional utilisation (F) and C(r) in determining the performance. Ten healthy runners (age range 26-59 years) participated in an ultra-endurance comp...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2120-z
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the energy cost (C) and the 3D intracycle velocity variation (IVV; swimming direction--x, vertical--y and lateral--z axes) throughout the 200 m front crawl event. Ten international level swimmers performed a maximal 200 m front crawl swim followed by 50...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2284-6
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine and compare systemic arterial stiffness responses in humans to acute continuous and interval low-intensity exercise. METHODS:Fifteen healthy young men (21.2 ± 0.4 years) underwent non-exercise control (CON), continuous exercise (CE), and interval exercise trial (IE) in a randomized balanced self-con...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2869-y
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Morton (J Sport Sci 29:307-309, 2011) proposed a model of the peak power attained in ramp protocol ([Formula: see text]) that included critical power (CP) and anaerobic capacity as constants, and mean ramp slope (S) as variable. Our hypothesis is that [Formula: see text] depends only on S, so that Morton's mode...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2705-9
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated changes in the P100 latency of the visual evoked potential (VEP) and the saccadic reaction time (SRT) in relation to the degree of activity of the shoulder girdle elevators. Muscle force was set in 10% increments from 0% to 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The VEP was derived from a midl...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1151-0
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the accuracy of practical indirect methods (i.e., recreational football match and estimation equations) in assessing individual maximal heart rate (HRmax) in recreational football players. Sixty-two untrained male participants engaged in a recreational football intervention (age 39.3 ± 5.8 years, VO2...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04334-4
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effects of creatine supplementation during short-term resistance training overreaching on performance, body composition, and resting hormone concentrations, 17 men were randomly assigned to supplement with 0.3 g/kg per day of creatine monohydrate (CrM: n=9) or placebo (P: n=8) while performing resista...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-1031-z
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A model that describes the blood lactate concentration (BLC) dynamics [BLC(t)] of a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) as a function of (a) BLC at the start of exercise (BLC(0)), (b) extra-vascular increase in lactate (A), (c) two corresponding velocity constants of appearance (k (1)) and disappearance (k (2)) of lactate i...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1481-z
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to compare morning and evening time-trial performance, RPE and mood state of trained swimmers, taking into account chronotype, habitual training time-of-day and PERIOD3 (PER3) variable number tandem repeat genotype. METHODS:Twenty-six swimmers (18 males, age: 32.6 ± 5.7 years) swam 20...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3109-9
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An objective of a warm-up prior to an athletic event is to optimize performance. Warm-ups are typically composed of a submaximal aerobic activity, stretching and a sport-specific activity. The stretching portion traditionally incorporated static stretching. However, there are a myriad of studies demonstrating static s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1879-2
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether cross-education, defined as the increase in strength of an untrained limb after training of the contralateral homologous limb, is specific to low and high velocity eccentric training. Twenty-six subjects were randomized into two groups ( n=13 each) that performed unil...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0841-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lactate (La-) has long been at the center of controversy in research, clinical, and athletic settings. Since its discovery in 1780, La- has often been erroneously viewed as simply a hypoxic waste product with multiple deleterious effects. Not until the 1980s, with the introduction of the cell-to-cell lactate shuttle d...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3795-6
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge about energy requirements during exercises seems necessary to develop training concepts in combat sport Karate. It is a commonly held view that the anaerobic lactic energy metabolism plays a key role, but this assumption could not be confirmed so far. The metabolic cost and fractional energy supply of basic ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2383-z
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of active warm-up stimuli of muscle activation on explosive jumping performance after short (5 min postwarm-up) and long (6 h postwarm-up) recovery periods following warm-up. Twelve trained volleyball players (21-24 years) performed different types o...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0440-9
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Future activities in space will require greater periods of time in extreme environments in which the body periphery will be vulnerable to chilling. Maintaining the hands and fingers in comfortable conditions enhances finger flexibility and dexterity, and thus effects better work performance. We have evaluated the effi...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210050658
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isometric unilateral elbow extension training was conducted for 10 weeks (3 times per week) on 12 young adult men to investigate the effects of equivolume exercise programs with different combinations of intensity and duration on the morphological and functional aspects of the triceps brachii muscle. One group of 6 su...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0604-6
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the effects of the world's most challenging mountain ultra-marathon (Tor des Géants(®) 2012) on the energy cost of three types of locomotion (cycling, level and uphill running) and running kinematics. METHODS:Before (pre-) and immediately after (post-) the competition, a group of ten male experience...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2824-y
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a reliable method of assessing exercise intensity during isolated arm and leg cycling. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of perceptually regulated exercise responses during combined arm + leg cycling. METHODS:Twelve males (age; 24.6 ± 5.3...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04444-z
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is not known how the mode of exercise, dynamic and static exercises, affects the limb volume. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate hand and wrist volume (HWV) after dynamic and static handgrip exercise. Nine healthy subjects (age 31.8 +/- 7.3 years; height 172.0 +/- 5.7 cm; body mass 66.9 +/- 8.1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0672-3
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to define the determinants of the energy cost of swimming (Cs) in children. Eleven healthy children [mean (SD) age: 12.42 (0.53) years] who practised 7.5-8.5 h x week(-1) volunteered to take part in this study. Anthropometric dimensions such as height (H), body mass (BM), hydrostatic l...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-001-0564-2
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
