Abstract：
:Our objective was to determine the effects of long-lasting endurance events on the energy cost of running (C(r)), and the role of maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), its fractional utilisation (F) and C(r) in determining the performance. Ten healthy runners (age range 26-59 years) participated in an ultra-endurance competition consisting of three running laps of 22, 48 and 20 km on three consecutive days in the North-East of Italy. Anthropometric characteristics and VO(2max) by a graded exercise test on a treadmill were determined 5 days before and 5 days after the competition. In addition, C(r) was determined on a treadmill before and after each running lap. Heart rate (HR) was recorded throughout the three laps. Results revealed that mean C(r) of the individual laps did not increase significantly with lap number (P = 0.200), thus ruling out any chronic lap effect. Even so, however, at the end of lap 3, C(r) was 18.0% (P < 0.001) greater than before lap 1. In addition, a statistically significant acute lap effect on C(r) was observed at the end of the second and third laps (by 11.4 and 7.2%, respectively). The main factors determining performance were VO(2max), F, as estimated from the average HR, and the average C(r-mean) throughout the three laps; the grand average speed over the three laps being described by v (end-mean) = F × VO(2max) × C(r-mean)(-1). We concluded that (1) the substantial increase of C(r-mean) during the competition yields to marked worsening of the performance, and (2) the three variables F, VO(2max) and C(r-mean) combined as described above explaining 87% of the total competition time variance.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Lazzer S,Salvadego D,Rejc E,Buglione A,Antonutto G,di Prampero PEdoi
10.1007/s00421-011-2120-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-05-01 00:00:00pages
1709-15issue
5eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The objective of the present study was to relate changes in certain muscle characteristics and indicators of metabolism in response to endurance training to the concomitant changes in time to exhaustion (T(lim)) at a work rate corresponding to maximal oxygen uptake VO(2speak). Eight healthy sedentary subjects pedalled...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-1325-4
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:High volumes of aerobic exercise have been associated with reduced testosterone (T), known as the exercise-hypogonadal male condition (EHMC). Although the presence of low T has been identified, few studies have assessed the presence of androgen-deficient symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3623-z
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamic behavior of the high-frequency component (HF > 0.15 Hz) of heart rate variability (HRV) and the respiratory frequency in relation to the anaerobic threshold (AT). Twenty-two healthy subjects [mean (SD) age: 24 (6) years, height: 175 (10) cm, body mass: 65 (11) kg] compl...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3357-3
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0645-x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-1364-x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the effect of post-exercise sauna bathing on plasma volume (PV) expansion and whether such responses can be tracked by changes in heart rate (HR)-based measures. METHODS:Seven, well-trained male cyclists were monitored for 35 consecutive days (17 days baseline training, 10 days training plus sa...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-3060-1
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3757-z
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3206-9
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0744-4
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate motor unit (MU) recruitment and firing rate, and the MU action potential (MUAP) characteristics of the human supraspinatus muscle during prolonged static contraction and subsequent recovery. Eight female subjects sustained a 30 degrees shoulder abduction, requiring 1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000278
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1424-8
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1045-1
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3888-x
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1064-z
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of ACE gene on athletic performance has been widely explored, and most of the published data refers to an I/D polymorphism leading to the presence (I allele) or absence (D allele) of a 287-bp sequence in intron 16, determining ACE activity in serum and tissues. A higher I allele frequency has been report...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1080-z
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1568-6
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coordination of the respiratory rhythm with the rhythm of limb movements has often been observed during rhythmical exercise (e.g. in locomotion). It is usually associated with changes in the respiratory time course, but not in the locomotor rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesised that in walking, the extent of coordination...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000224
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trends in industry are leaning toward stereotyped jobs with low workloads. Physical variation is an intervention to reduce fatigue and potentially musculoskeletal disorders in such jobs. Controlled laboratory studies have provided some insight into the effectiveness of physical variation, but very few have been devote...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2375-z
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences in physiological functioning in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis and the autonomic nervous system have been suggested to contribute to many of the health differences that may be observed between men and women as well as being relevant for the development of musculoskeletal pain. To clarify wh...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0939-8
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the influence of the frequency of measurement on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during sub-maximal exercise. On two occasions participants performed 35 min sub-maximal treadmill exercise at the same running speed. In both runs RPE was measured after 5 min. Thereafter, RPE was measured at either 10-m...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This case study reports the results of a 6-year (2005-2010) follow-up study of a world-class rowing crew, the current world champions. The rowers were 15-16 years old and prospective competitors at the junior level when the study began in 2005, and we monitored their physical, physiological, and rowing ergometer perfo...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1870-y
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of outdoor clothing and repeated cold exposure on blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, and thermal sensation was studied in 16 young (18-34 years) and 8 middle-aged (35-51 years) normotensive participants. Four winter clothing ensembles were used: regular winter clothing without a hat, with a hat, ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1176-5
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Spirulina has previously been reported to improve high-intensity exercise performance and hemoglobin. However, spirulina's effect on arm cycling exercise has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of spirulina supplementation on hemoglobin and on oxygen uptake, RER an...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04487-2
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
