Abstract：
PURPOSE:High volumes of aerobic exercise have been associated with reduced testosterone (T), known as the exercise-hypogonadal male condition (EHMC). Although the presence of low T has been identified, few studies have assessed the presence of androgen-deficient symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess men exhibiting EHMC and evaluate their hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the presence of hypogonadal symptoms, and also investigate a possible contribution of inadequate nutrition to the condition. METHODS:A cross-sectional design compared 9 long-distance runners exhibiting EHMC to 8 non-active controls. Comparisons included serum T, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and cortisol, the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) questionnaire score, bone mineral density (BMD), and a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS:Mean T was significantly reduced in the EHMC group (EHMC 9.2 nmol L-1 vs. CONT 16.2 nmol L-1). The EHMC group demonstrated significantly higher AMS scores (EHMC 27.1 ± 7.3 vs. CONT 19.7 ± 2.5). There were no differences in bone density, although 3 cases of osteopenia were noted for EHMC in the lumbar spine, 1 in the right femur, and 1 in the radius. Energy availability was significantly reduced in EHMC (EHMC 27.2 ± 12.7 vs. CONT 45.4 ± 18.2 kcal d FFM-1). CONCLUSIONS:Men exhibiting EHMC do appear to present with symptoms associated with androgen deficiency. For the most part, these symptoms are limited to those reported on the AMS questionnaire, although there are also some cases of clinically low BMD. It is possible that inadequate energy intake is contributing to this condition.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Hooper DR,Kraemer WJ,Saenz C,Schill KE,Focht BC,Volek JS,Maresh CMdoi
10.1007/s00421-017-3623-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
1349-1357issue
7eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327pii
10.1007/s00421-017-3623-zjournal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study investigated the effects of finger contact force (FCF) and lower arm cooling upon cutaneous blood cell velocity (CBV) in the index finger. CBV of the distal finger-pad of the index finger was measured in eight participants while they exerted different FCF of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.9 and 9.8 N, at significant...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0178-9
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to describe the force/velocity and power/velocity relationships obtained during squat exercise. The maximal force (F0) was extrapolated from the force/velocity relationship and compared to the isometric force directly measured with the aid of a force platform placed under the subject's fe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/PL00007956
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the peak and submaximal metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during steady-state arm-powered (AP) and arm-trunk-powered (ATP) handbike ergometry. Twelve male able-bodied participants with no prior experience in handcycling completed a maximal progressive incremental test a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2051-8
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study compared the adaptive responses to two concurrent training programmes frequently used in professional soccer. METHODS:Fifteen youth soccer players (17.3 ± 1.6 years, 1.82 ± 0.06 m, 77.0 ± 7.3 kg; VO2 peak, 62.0 ± 4.7 ml(-1) kg(-1) min(-1)) who compete in the English Premier League volunteered for th...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3218-5
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During competitions, elite cross-country skiers produce higher external work rates on uphill than on flat terrain. However, it is not presently known whether this reflects solely higher energy expenditure. Furthermore, the kinematic factors associated with these higher rates of uphill work have not yet been examined. ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2261-0
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Equivocal findings have been reported in the few studies that examined the impact of ambient temperature (T a) and hypohydration on cognition and dynamic balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of acute exposure to a range of ambient temperatures (T(a) 10-40 °C) in euhydration (EUH) and hypohydr...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2506-6
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed at investigating how prior knowledge of drop heights affects proactive and reactive motor control in drop jumps (DJ). METHODS:In 22 subjects, the effect of knowledge of three different drop heights (20, 30, 40 cm) during DJs was evaluated in seven conditions: three different drop heights were ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04186-7
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of isolated muscle metaboreflex activation on spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS), and to characterize the potential sex-related differences in this interaction in young healthy subjects. METHODS:40 volunteers (20 men and 20 women, age: 22 ± 0.4 year) were recruited. Aft...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4004-y
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Post-exercise cardiac vagal reactivation is well-investigated; however, the effect of water intake during this period has not been well studied. Therefore, our aim was to assess the influence of water intake on the cardiac vagal reactivation after 30 min of a submaximal cycling exercise. Ten healthy subjects (eight me...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0584-7
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are associated with reduced eNOS activity. Aerobic exercise training (AEX) may influence resting nitric oxide (NO) production, oxidative stress and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AEX on the relationship among bloo...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1568-6
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A critical limitation with transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation is the rapid onset of muscle fatigue. We have previously demonstrated that spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS) shows a drastically greater fatigue-reducing ability compared to a single active electrode stimulation (SE...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2807-4
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An inverse relationship has been shown between running and cycling exercise economy and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). The purposes were: 1) determine the relationship between walking economy and VO2max; and 2) determine the relationship between muscle metabolic economy and muscle oxidative capacity and fiber type. S...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-1370-z
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The curvature constant (W') and asymptote (critical power; CP) of the power-duration relationship are important parameters for explaining cycling performance. Short-duration endurance cycling events rely more heavily on the W'; however, the full mechanistic underpinning of this parameter is yet to be determined...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3807-1
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten male and ten female young adults trained the knee extensors of one leg eccentrically and those of the other concentrically for 6 weeks, using a gymnasium leg-extension machine. Before and after training, both legs of each subject were tested isometrically for maximum voluntary knee-extensor force, and in both ecce...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000221
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of creatine supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism after acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise. A total of 112 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: aerobic exercise (A), aerobic exercise plus creatine supplementation (ACr), anaerobic exercise (An), and an...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1891-6
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An objective of a warm-up prior to an athletic event is to optimize performance. Warm-ups are typically composed of a submaximal aerobic activity, stretching and a sport-specific activity. The stretching portion traditionally incorporated static stretching. However, there are a myriad of studies demonstrating static s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1879-2
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the influence of prior endurance exercise on hormonal responses to subsequent resistance exercise. Ten males exercised on a cycle ergometer at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake for 60 min and subsequently completed a resistance exercise (bench and leg press, four sets at ten repetitions maximum with an ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1296-x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to test if the consumption of creatine incorporated in food bars modifies creatine plasma kinetics, erythrocyte retention and loss in urine and in feces when compared with its consumption in the form of an aqueous solution (AS). Seventeen healthy young men ingested 2 g creatine either ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0558-9
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the changes in physiological capacity of a heavy-weight rower who obtained seven medals in World Championships and Olympic Games. The investigation was carried out over the last 6 years of the rower's international competition career in comparison with peer champions, and the following 4 years. O...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1028-3
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A routine method to determine total haemoglobin mass (tHb) in clinical practice and sports medicine is non-existent. Radioactive tracers or other dilution procedures like the common CO-rebreathing method (Proc(com)) are impractical, the latter in particular because of the relatively long time of respiration. According...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0050-3
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In theory, a slow oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics leads to a greater accumulation of anaerobic by-products, which can, in turn, induce more neuromuscular fatigue. However, the existence of this relationship has never been tested. METHODS:After two sessions to measure peak [Formula: see text], peak...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3585-1
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central hypovolemia induced by orthostatic loading causes reno-vascular changes that can lead to orthostatic intolerance. In this study, we investigated volume regulating hormonal responses and reno-vascular changes in male and female subjects as they underwent central hypovolemia, induced by graded lower body negativ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4053-2
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of squat training with different depths on lower limb muscle volumes. METHODS:Seventeen males were randomly assigned to a full squat training group (FST, n = 8) or half squat training group (HST, n = 9). They completed 10 weeks (2 days per week) of squat tra...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04181-y
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study investigated the isolated and combined effects of heat [temperate (22 °C/30 % rH) vs. hot (35 °C/40 % rH)] and hypoxia [sea level (FiO2 0.21) vs. moderate altitude (FiO2 0.15)] on exercise capacity and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics. METHODS:Eleven physically active subjects cycled to exhaust...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2883-0
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The thermal insulation properties of a military wet/cold protection glove of the German Bundeswehr were investigated using the thermophysiological simulation device CYBOR with a heated full-scale hand model. The aim of this study was the physiology related and more reliable estimation of a database for the thermal com...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0660-z
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a novel approach for predicting the one-repetition maximum (1RM). The prediction is based on the force-velocity and load-velocity relationships determined from measured force and velocity data collected during resistance-training exercises with incremental submaximal...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3457-0
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While intramuscular wire electrodes (IWE) for the measurement of neuromuscular function offer high spatial resolution for examining single motor unit activity, the resulting damage to muscle tissue and mechanical instability should be considered. We examined the influence of IWE type and component parts on muscle dama...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0278-6
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study is an investigation of the relationship between muscle morphology and surface electromyographic (EMG) parameters [mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF), signal amplitude (root mean square, RMS) and the signal amplitude ratio (SAR; i.e. the ratio between the RMS level during the passive part of the cont...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/PL00013792
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifteen healthy men performed a 5-week training program comprising four sets of seven unilateral, coupled concentric-eccentric knee extensions 2-3 times weekly. While eight men were assigned to training using a weight stack (WS) machine, seven men trained using a flywheel (FW) device, which inherently provides variabl...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0583-8
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study aimed to compare muscle architecture and electromyographic activity during isotonic (IT) and isokinetic (IK) knee extensors eccentric contractions. Seventeen subjects were assigned in test and reproducibility groups. During test session, subjects performed two IT and two IK sets of eccentric contract...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1894-3
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
