Abstract：
:Ten male and ten female young adults trained the knee extensors of one leg eccentrically and those of the other concentrically for 6 weeks, using a gymnasium leg-extension machine. Before and after training, both legs of each subject were tested isometrically for maximum voluntary knee-extensor force, and in both eccentric and concentric isokinetic modes at 30-250 degrees x s(-1) All limbs showed improvements in mean eccentric force (ranging from 18% in the concentrically trained legs of the females to 31% in the eccentrically trained legs of the males, P < 0.01-0.001). Upward trends in isometric and concentric forces were smaller and less- or nonsignificant. In three of the four groups, mean eccentric forces after training were significantly greater than mean isometric forces, a difference that was not evident before training. Ten further subjects of each gender, not trained but tested isometrically and isokinetically three times in 2 weeks, showed no significant improvement over the series of tests. The explanation suggested is that the increased percentage activation ("decreased inhibition"), often regarded as the main mechanism of strength gain in the early weeks of training, had been displayed particularly in the subjects' eccentric performance. This implies that the activation-shortfall, which is reduced by the initial phase of strength training, is largely or completely the same as that responsible for the fact that untrained, voluntary eccentric force is less than that of isolated muscle.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Spurway NC,Watson H,McMillan K,Connolly Gdoi
10.1007/s004210000221keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
374-80issue
5-6eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
82pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：:Intermittent hypoxic exposure with exercise training is based on the assumption that brief exposure to hypoxia is sufficient to induce beneficial muscular adaptations mediated via hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). We previously demonstrated (Mounier et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:1410-1417, 2006) that leu...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0928-y
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to employ neuro-fuzzy logic and regression calculations to determine the accuracy of prediction of the power output ( P) of the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) on a cycle ergometer calculated from the results of incremental tests. A group of 17 male and 17 female sports students underwent...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0702-5
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Falls from heights resulting from a loss of balance are a major concern in the occupational setting. Previous studies have documented a deleterious effect of lower extremity fatigue on balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lumbar extensor fatigue on balance during quiet standing. Addition...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1195-1
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether mechanomyographic (MMG) determined contractile properties of the biceps brachii change during exercise-induced hypertrophy and subsequent disuse atrophy. METHODS:Healthy subjects (mean ± SD, 23.7 ± 2.6 years, BMI 21.8 ± 2.4, n = 19) performed unilateral biceps curls (9 sets × 12 repetition...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3469-9
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review the literature on whether exercise is a synchroniser of human circadian rhythms, and highlight the specific methodological problems that are associated with this topic. In applied research, exercise has been investigated as a treatment for jet lag and shift-work problems. In these studies, there have been di...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0361-z
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0922-3
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0789-4
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the process of O(2) transport to tissue, we investigated how capillary perfusion is controlled in response to changes in tissue O(2) levels in skeletal muscle. Capillary red blood cell (RBC) velocity and perfused capillary recruitment were measured in rabbit tenuissimus muscle at various ambient oxygen tensio...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-1315-6
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0064-x
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2343-7
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of active warm-up stimuli of muscle activation on explosive jumping performance after short (5 min postwarm-up) and long (6 h postwarm-up) recovery periods following warm-up. Twelve trained volleyball players (21-24 years) performed different types o...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0440-9
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0876-6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0040-5
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to determine metabolic and respiratory adaptations during intense exercise and improvement of long-sprint performance following six sessions of long-sprint training. Nine subjects performed before and after training (1) a 300-m test, (2) an incremental exercise up to exhaustion to determine the veloci...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2018-9
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Changes in mean skin temperature (Tsk) have been shown to modify the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption. This study aims to extend this knowledge by investigating if modifications could also be caused by local Tsk. METHODS:The influence of local Tsk on the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was inv...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-04059-5
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3377-z
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low bone mineral density (BMD) is established as a primary predictor of osteoporotic risk and can also have substantial implications for athlete health and injury risk in the elite sporting environment. BMD is a highly multi-factorial phenotype influenced by diet, hormonal characteristics and physical activity. The in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4007-8
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the effects on respiratory drive of two factors, one mechanical (lung volume) and one chemical (sensitivity to hypercapnia), that are involved in determining the breath-hold duration (BHD). Functional residual capacity was measured by helium dilution with the subject seated in ai...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100518
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a disparity in the information about the heritability of the response of muscle anaerobic metabolism to exercise and the use of explosive power, as well as a lack of information concerning the genetic determinants of this form of work, as measured using different specific physical tests. We applied a battery ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100522
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise activates neutrophil burst and this effect is dependent on training status and exercise intensity. In this study, the chronic effect of treadmill exercise on phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen metabolites and expression of NADPH oxidase components in rat neutrophils was investigated. Neutrophils were...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0414-y
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a reliable method of assessing exercise intensity during isolated arm and leg cycling. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of perceptually regulated exercise responses during combined arm + leg cycling. METHODS:Twelve males (age; 24.6 ± 5.3...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04444-z
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Participation in at least 30 min of moderate intensity activity on most days is assumed to confer health benefits. This study accordingly determined whether the more vigorous household and garden tasks (sweeping, window cleaning, vacuuming and lawn mowing) are performed by middle-aged men at a moderate intensity of 3-...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0932-1
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cooling of a muscle has a detrimental effect on its force, power and contraction velocity, but may improve force control during precision movements by reducing physiological tremor. We investigated if the contractile characteristics of the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) were linked to voluntary force control in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0938-8
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to analyze the association between changes in total and regional fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) over a season with resting (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) in elite basketball players. At the beginning of the pre-season and at the final of the competitive period, measures of total and regional FM, F...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2221-8
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the changes in physiological capacity of a heavy-weight rower who obtained seven medals in World Championships and Olympic Games. The investigation was carried out over the last 6 years of the rower's international competition career in comparison with peer champions, and the following 4 years. O...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1028-3
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of high-intensity intermittent exercise on the presence of circulating growth hormone (GH) aggregates measured using two different assay techniques. Six male subjects with endurance training background participated in this study under both exercise and no-exercise ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0774-2
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To compare the effect of hyperthermia on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in men and women, VO2max was measured in 11 male and 11 female runners under seven conditions involving various ambient temperatures (Ta at 50% RH) and preheating designed to manipulate the esophageal (Tes) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures at VO2m...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1053-1
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent investigations have suggested that changes in contractile protein expression contribute to reductions in skeletal muscle function during congestive heart failure (CHF). Myosin heavy chain (MHC), a major contractile protein, has been shown to undergo alterations in protein isoform expression during CHF. The purp...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0615-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different intermittent myofeedback training schedules, as provided by a Cinderella-based myofeedback system, on learning relaxation and resistance to extinction of the trapezius muscle, in subjects performing a unilateral gross-motor task. Eighteen healthy subj...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1161-y
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To clarify the clinical usefulness of the second derivative of the waveform of the fingertip photoplethysmogram (SDPTG), we examined the relationship between the pattern of the SDPTG waveform and risk factors related to atherosclerosis in 1,495 boys and girls aged 9-17 years. The fingertip photoplethysmogram and its s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100520
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
