Abstract：
:The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the exercise intensity of a mountain bike (MTB) marathon race lasting 8 days. Seven amateur MTBers (age 33.6 +/- 3.0 years, height 1.67 +/- 0.5 m, body mass 58.4 +/- 9.9 kg) completing the Transalp Challenge 2004 were involved in the study. Before the race subjects completed a maximal incremental cycling test to determine four intensity zones based on the heart rate (HR) corresponding to fixed blood lactate thresholds (2, 4 and 6 mmol/L). The exercise intensity during the Transalp Challenge 2004 was measured by using HR short telemetry systems. Mean HR was 85.4% of maximal HR during the race or 79.2% of laboratory determined maximum. Thirty-six percent of total race time was spent in the high and very-high intensity zones. The study showed that this MTB stage race is physiologically very demanding, heavily involving both the aerobic and anaerobic energy system.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Wirnitzer KC,Kornexl Edoi
10.1007/s00421-008-0855-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
999-1005issue
6eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Changes in mean skin temperature (Tsk) have been shown to modify the maximum rate of sweat ion reabsorption. This study aims to extend this knowledge by investigating if modifications could also be caused by local Tsk. METHODS:The influence of local Tsk on the sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates was inv...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-04059-5
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using an improved Peronnet-Thibault model to analyse the maximal power available during exercise, it was found that a 3rd-order relaxation process for the decreasing dynamics of aerobic power can describe accurately the data available for world track records and aerobic-to-total energy ratio (ATER). It was estimated t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-001-0555-3
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this article was to establish whether previously reported oxygen-to-mass ratios, used to predict flat and hill-climbing cycling performance, extend to similar power-to-mass ratios incorporating other, often quick and convenient measures of power output recorded in the laboratory [maximum aerobic power (...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0189-6
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aims of this study were to: (1) determine the relationships between maximum oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) and walking economy during non-graded and graded walking among overweight women and (2) examine potential differences in [Formula: see text]O2max and walking economy before and after weight l...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3888-x
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To determine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), on noninvasive estimates of systolic ventricular function, exercise performance, severity of symptoms and quality of life. METHODS:Cardio...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04165-y
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate changes in muscle activity associated with physiological fatigue and decreased swimming velocity (SV) during 200 m of front crawl swimming, and (2) to examine the relationship between the decreased SV and changes in kinematic or electromyogram parameters. Twenty swimmers par...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2321-0
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a submaximal aerobic exercise bout on adiponectin and resistin levels as well as insulin sensitivity, until 48 h post-exercise in healthy overweight males. Nine subjects performed an exercise bout at an intensity corresponding to approximately 65% of their ma...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0169-x
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at selected acupoints on enhancing the rate of muscle force recovery after strenuous knee extension/flexion exercise. Ten male and seven female healthy young adults participated in this study in which they perform...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0463-2
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the effect of the racemic β-hydroxybutyrate precursor, R,S-1,3-butanediol (BD), on T-cell-related cytokine gene expression within stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following prolonged, strenuous exercise. METHODS:A repeated-measures, randomised, crossover study was conducted ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04263-x
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Our purpose was to compare supramaximal versus submaximal intensity eccentric training performed until volitional fatigue. METHODS:Thirty-two young adults (19 males) were randomized into one of three groups: (1) ECC110 performed eccentric (ECC) only contractions at 110% of concentric (CON) 1-repetition maximum...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3700-3
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain elicits complex adaptations of motor strategy, leading to impairments in the generation and control of steady forces, which depend on muscle architecture. The present study used a cross-over design to assess the effects of muscle pain on the stability of multidirectional (task-related and tangential) forces durin...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2343-7
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of the relationship between different variables of physical activity and aerobic fitness and body fat in adolescent boys and girls. Activity energy expenditure (AEE), time spent in a sedentary state, and time spent engaged in moderate and vigorous physical activity...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100460
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recently reported static stretching impairments found in adults have not been studied in youth. Furthermore, stretch-training effects on sprint performance are equivocal, hence the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of stretch and sprint training on the acute effects of static stretching in 13-15 year...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0799-2
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Swimming is a popular activity for Australian women with proven cardiovascular benefits yet lacks the features thought necessary to stimulate positive adaptive changes in bone. Given that peak bone mass is attained close to the end of the second decade, we asked whether swimming was negatively associated with bone min...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2305-5
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the timecourse of recovery of immunoendocrine responses following prolonged cycling. With the approval of the Ethics Committee, ten healthy men (age 21.6+/-0.9 years, height 1.77+/-0.01 m, body mass 66.9+/-1.8 kg, VO2max 54.2+/-2.0 ml kg(-1) min(-1); means+/-SEM) performed either...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0529-1
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether cross-education, defined as the increase in strength of an untrained limb after training of the contralateral homologous limb, is specific to low and high velocity eccentric training. Twenty-six subjects were randomized into two groups ( n=13 each) that performed unil...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0841-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of the present study was to investigate (i) how glycolytic metabolism assessed by accumulated oxygen deficit (AODgly) and blood metabolic responses (lactate and pH) resulting from high-intensity exercise change during growth, and (ii) how lean body mass (LBM) influences AODgly and its relationship with ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04436-z
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were to determine the effects of plyometric training on both active and passive parts of the series elastic component (SEC) stiffness, and on geometrical parameters [i.e., muscle architecture, muscle and tendon cross-sectional area (CSA)] of the plantarflexors muscle-tendon complex to assess pos...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1667-4
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that a low level of regular daily physical activity in elderly individuals would be associated with a clinically significant degree of sarcopenia. Subjects were 78 male and 97 female free-living Japanese, aged 65-84 years. A pedometer/accelerometer measured continuously the number of steps tak...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1424-8
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatmax and lactate increase above baseline (LIAB) were measured in 11 adolescent girls and 8 adolescent boys during incremental cycling. Fatmax was the exercise intensity at the point of maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO). The LIAB was the exercise intensity coincident with a sustained increase in blood (lactate) above ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1453-3
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fatality of deep hypothermia in non-hibernating mammals follows the cessation of respiration and heart beat, and a massive influx of calcium (Ca(++)) into cells. This review presents evidence relating to restoration of key physiological functions during hypothermia in several animal preparations. For example, in a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0875-7
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Morton (J Sport Sci 29:307-309, 2011) proposed a model of the peak power attained in ramp protocol ([Formula: see text]) that included critical power (CP) and anaerobic capacity as constants, and mean ramp slope (S) as variable. Our hypothesis is that [Formula: see text] depends only on S, so that Morton's mode...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2705-9
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of fatigue on the stretch reflex evoked in ankle extensor muscles by hopping was investigated in six healthy men. The men hopped on a force platform, at spontaneous frequency and amplitude, until they were unable to maintain the initial frequency or amplitude of the jumps. This task was done with the kne...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000324
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate motor unit (MU) recruitment and firing rate, and the MU action potential (MUAP) characteristics of the human supraspinatus muscle during prolonged static contraction and subsequent recovery. Eight female subjects sustained a 30 degrees shoulder abduction, requiring 1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000278
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tested the hypothesis that changes in indirect markers of muscle damage following maximal eccentric exercise would be smaller for the knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) compared with the elbow flexors (EF) and extensors (EE). A total of 17 sedentary men performed five sets of six maximal isokinetic (90° s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1648-7
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine if and how hypoxia combined with elevated carboxyhaemoglobin fraction (F HbCO) affects peripheral diffusing capacity and O2 extraction in animals exercising at their maximal aerobic capacity ([Formula: see text]). METHODS:Six goats ran on a treadmill at speeds eliciting [Formula: see text] while b...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2799-0
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed in relation to pain and injuries in skeletal muscle, but may adversely affect muscle adaptation probably via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) represents an important adaptive response in muscle subjected to ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2606-y
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Long static or intense dynamic apnoea-like high-altitude exposure is inducing hypoxia. Adenosine is known to participate to the adaptive response to hypoxia leading to the control of heart rate, blood pressure and vasodilation. Extracellular adenosine level is controlled through the equilibrative nucleoside tra...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04523-1
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the influence of a simulated altitude exposure (~2,900 m above sea level) for a 3 h recovery period following intense interval running on post-exercise inflammation, serum iron, ferritin, erythropoietin, and hepcidin response. METHODS:In a cross-over design, ten well-trained male endurance athletes c...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2829-6
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) increases local blood flow. It is not known whether increase in blood flow may be caused by inhibition of sympathetic activity, mediated by muscle metaboreflex activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS on metaboreflex activation and heart ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2084-z
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
