Abstract：
:Using an improved Peronnet-Thibault model to analyse the maximal power available during exercise, it was found that a 3rd-order relaxation process for the decreasing dynamics of aerobic power can describe accurately the data available for world track records and aerobic-to-total energy ratio (ATER). It was estimated that the time-scales for the decreasing dynamics are around 25 s for anaerobic power output and that they range from 2.12 h to 7.8 days for aerobic power output. In agreement with experimental evidence, the ATER showed a rapid increase during the first 300 s of exercise duration, to achieve an asymptote close to 100% after 1,000 s. In addition, the transition time when the ATER rose above 50% was found to be at a race duration of about 100 s, which would correspond to race distances of about 800 m. The results suggest that the aerobic power output achieves its maximal value at 300-400 s, and reaches a plateau at 26-28 W.kg(-1) that lasts about 5,000 s. After this period, the aerobic power output decreases slowly due to the contribution of long time-scale metabolic processes having smaller energy contributions (about 30% to 40% of the total aerobic power output).
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Alvarez-Ramirez Jdoi
10.1007/s00421-001-0555-3keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-04-01 00:00:00pages
517-25issue
6eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed at identifying the short-term effect of creep deformation on the trunk repositioning sense. METHODS:Twenty healthy participants performed two different trunk-repositioning tasks (20° and 30° trunk extension) before and after a prolonged static full trunk flexion of 20 min in order to induce sp...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3754-2
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the electromyography (EMG) to torque relationship of the vastus intermedius (VI) muscle. Thirteen healthy men performed maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and submaximal contraction during isometric knee extension at 10% of the MVC to 90% of the MVC at intervals of ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1064-z
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Asprosin, an orexigenic hormone that stimulates hepatic glucose release, is elevated in insulin resistance and associated with obesity. Plasma asprosin concentrations may also be related to female sex hormone levels; higher levels are reported in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but this may be relat...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04570-8
更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:It was hypothesized that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) would exhibit a slow muscle deoxygenation (HHb) recovery time when compared with sedentary controls. METHODS:Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES 40 and 50 mA, 50 Hz, 400 µs) was employed to induce isometric contraction o...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3442-7
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The force generated during a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) is known to increase by resistance training. Although this increase cannot be solely attributed to changes in the muscle itself, many studies examining muscle activation at peak force failed to detect neural adaptations with resistance training. However,...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0380-9
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The SenseWear Armband (SWA) has been shown to be a valid and practical tool to assess energy expenditure during habitual physical activity. However, previous studies have focused on low-to-moderate intensity activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the SWA during high intensity exercise. Twe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1695-0
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared two methods to determine IL-6 at rest and following exercise. On two occasions, plasma IL-6 was determined in 10 men and 13 women before and immediately following 90 min of cycling at 65% V(O)(2max) using a cytometric bead array (CBA) and an ELISA. The CBA detected IL-6 in 63% of pre-exercise samples and 8...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0866-8
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a vital regulator of innate immune function. Although plasma PTX3 concentrations are elevated with aerobic fitness, the cellular functions of PTX3 remain unknown in aerobically trained and untrained subjects. METHODS:Thirty individuals (aerobically trained = 15 and untrained = 15) partici...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3882-3
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to analyze the pedaling rate (PR) adopted by professional cyclists in different mountain passes. PR, heart rate (HR), velocity and power to overcome gravity were monitored during special (HM), 1st (M1), 2nd (M2) and 3rd (M3) category mountain passes. HM and M1 within high-mountain stages were...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0745-3
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Session RPE (SRPE) permits subjective ratings of global effort following exercise. SRPE is useful for evaluating training load; however, mediating factors are not well understood. This study compared SRPE among treadmill trials at a clamped workload with a varied duration. Ten subjects (VO(2)max: 48.9 +/- 10.5 ml kg(-...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1153-z
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to examine the effects of fluid replacement on thermoregulation and cycling performance in hot, humid conditions. Six male cyclists (PPO = 426 +/- 39 W) performed six 80 km time trials. Subjects replaced 0% (0); 33% (33); 66% (66); or 100% (100) of the weight lost during an "ad libitum" trial ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0876-6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the effects of different hypoxia severities on exercise capacity, cardio-respiratory, tissue oxygenation and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics in response to exhaustive intermittent cycling. METHODS:Eleven well-trained cyclists, repeated supra-maximal cycling efforts of 15 s (30% of anaerobic po...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04495-2
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Energy system contribution during cross-country (XC) skiing races is dependent on several factors, including the race duration, track profile, and sub-techniques applied, and their subsequent effects on the use of the upper and lower body. This review provides a scientific synopsis of the interactions of energy system...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04158-x
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Topical application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream to resting legs has been shown to enhance the level of oxygenated haemoglobin in leg muscles 15 min later. Here, we examined whether such application improves the performance of experienced cyclists in a subsequent 4-km time-trial. METHODS:Nine male cyclists [2...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3357-3
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intense exercise is known to cause temporary impairments in immune function. Few studies, however, have investigated the effects of intense competitive exercise on immunoendocrine variables in elite team sport athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course of changes in selected immunoendocrine and in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1200-9
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance. METHODS:Ten cyclists (VO₂ = 65 ± 9 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) performed a habituation 10-km cycling time-trial and three further time-trials prece...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2914-x
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We examined the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on changes in muscle force, activation, and the spinal reflex pathway during and after repeated sprint cycling. METHODS:Eight recreationally active men (high-intensity cardiorespiratory training > 3 times per week, > 6 months) completed two exercise sess...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04359-9
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The prevalence of lifestyle diseases has escalated, and effective exercise training programmes are warranted. This study tested the hypothesis that regular participation in small-sided team handball training could provide beneficial health effects on cardiovascular, skeletal, and muscular parameters in young ad...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4034-5
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of superimposed electromyostimulation (E) during cycling on the acute hormonal and metabolic response, as E might be a useful tool to intensify endurance training without performing high external workloads. METHODS:Thirteen subjects participated in t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2952-4
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A previous study observed a joint passive torque increase above baseline ~30 min after a high-intensity stretching. This study examined the effect of a high-intensity stretching on ankle dorsiflexion passive torque, medial gastrocnemius (MG) shear modulus, and plantar flexors maximal voluntary isometric force (...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3410-2
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of the present study was to understand the role of central (cardiovascular O2 delivery) and peripheral factors (muscle level) in limiting the maximal aerobic performance in obese (OB) subjects. METHODS:Fifteen OB (mean age ± SD 25 ± 7 years; BMI 43 ± 7 kg/m2) and 13 lean sedentary subjects (CTRL, age 2...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04167-w
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of a functional dystrophin protein and is modeled by the mdx mouse. The mdx mouse suffers an early necrotic bout in the hind limb muscles lasting from approximately 4 to 7 weeks. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which dystrophin...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1906-3
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the effect of the racemic β-hydroxybutyrate precursor, R,S-1,3-butanediol (BD), on T-cell-related cytokine gene expression within stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following prolonged, strenuous exercise. METHODS:A repeated-measures, randomised, crossover study was conducted ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04263-x
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present investigation has been designed to confirm the effect of instruction (hard-and-fast instruction compared to fast instruction) upon maximal voluntary isometric force (MVF) and maximal rate of force development (MRFD) in muscle groups which differ with regards to muscle mass and usage. In addition, we took a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100451
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Harmful effects of inhaled particulates have been established in epidemiologic studies of ambient air pollution. In particular, heart rate variability responses to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), similar to responses observed during direct smoking, have been reported. We sought to determine wh...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2998-3
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exhaustive exercise on technique preference and the accompanying physiological response during classic skiing at constant workload, but with varying incline-speed combinations. METHODS:Seven male competitive cross-country skiers performed four tests, each ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3965-1
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some studies suggest that performing strength training may cause alterations on the hypothalamic pituitary axis, resulting in steroid hormone variations. Intense training has been associated to slow the concentrations of estrogens and progesterone in women. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2575-6
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifteen healthy men performed a 5-week training program comprising four sets of seven unilateral, coupled concentric-eccentric knee extensions 2-3 times weekly. While eight men were assigned to training using a weight stack (WS) machine, seven men trained using a flywheel (FW) device, which inherently provides variabl...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0583-8
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Yoga induces long-term changes in respiratory function and control. We tested whether it represents a successful strategy for high-altitude adaptation. We compared ventilatory, cardiovascular and hematological parameters in: 12 Caucasian yoga trainees and 12 control sea-level residents, at baseline and after 2-week ex...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0373-8
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to study the effects of aerobic, resistance, and mixed (aerobic and resistance) training programs on blood pressure, both at rest and during submaximal exercise in healthy people. METHODS:We randomized 39 physically active, healthy participants into aerobic, resistance, and mixed (aerobic and...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3706-x
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
