Abstract：
:Energy system contribution during cross-country (XC) skiing races is dependent on several factors, including the race duration, track profile, and sub-techniques applied, and their subsequent effects on the use of the upper and lower body. This review provides a scientific synopsis of the interactions of energy system contributions from a physiological, technical, and tactical perspective. On average, the aerobic proportion of the total energy expended during XC skiing competitions is comparable to the values for other sports with similar racing times. However, during both sprint (≤ 1.8 km) and distance races (≥ 10 and 15 km, women and men, respectively) a high aerobic turnover interacts with subsequent periods of very high work rates at ~ 120 to 160% of VO2peak during the uphill sections of the race. The repeated intensity fluctuations are possible due to the nature of skiing, which involves intermittent downhills where skiers can recover. Thus, the combination of high and sustained aerobic energy turnover and repeated work rates above VO2peak, interspersed with short recovery periods, distinguishes XC skiing from most other endurance sports. The substantially increased average speed in races over recent decades, frequent competitions in mass starts and sprints, and the greater importance of short periods at high speeds in various sub-techniques, have demanded changes in the physiological, technical, and tactical abilities needed to achieve world-class level within the specific disciplines.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Losnegard Tdoi
10.1007/s00421-019-04158-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
1675-1690issue
8eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327pii
10.1007/s00421-019-04158-xjournal_volume
119pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is defined as the highest blood lactate concentration that can be maintained over time without a continual blood lactate accumulation. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of pedal cadence (50 vs. 100 rev min(-1)) on MLSS and the exercise workload at MLS...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
