Abstract:
PURPOSE:Spirulina has previously been reported to improve high-intensity exercise performance and hemoglobin. However, spirulina's effect on arm cycling exercise has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of spirulina supplementation on hemoglobin and on oxygen uptake, RER and HR during seated arm cycling exercise. METHODS:In a double-blinded randomized crossover design, eleven males untrained in arm cycling ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for seven days. Seated on the Arm Crank Ergometer, each participant performed a baseline V̇O2max test, and then after supplementation, 2 × 30-min submaximal exercise bouts corresponding to 55% of their V̇O2max, followed by an incremental test to fatigue. A seven-day wash-out period was required between conditions. Oxygen uptake, RER and HR were measured continuously during exercise and hemoglobin measured prior to exercise after both conditions. RESULTS:Spirulina significantly (p < 0.05) increased Hb in comparison to Placebo (144.1 g/l ± 10.5 Vs 154.5 g/l ± 6.9). After spirulina supplementation, during the 30-min exercise bouts, oxygen uptake and HR were significantly lower (2170 ml/min ± 173 Vs 2311 ml/min ± 189 and 154 bpm ± 14 Vs 149 bpm ± 17), RER was not significantly different. In comparison to placebo, Spirulina significantly increased oxygen uptake at time of fatigue (34.10 ml/min/kg ± 6.03 Vs 37.37 ml/min/kg ± 5.98). Time taken to fatigue was not different. CONCLUSION:Spirulina supplementation significantly reduces oxygen uptake and HR during arm cycling submaximal exercise, allowing for an increased oxygen uptake during an incremental test to fatigue.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Gurney T,Spendiff Odoi
10.1007/s00421-020-04487-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
2657-2664issue
12eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327pii
10.1007/s00421-020-04487-2journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Nitric oxide (NO), a short-lived vasoactive substance that has multiple physiological functions, is also involved in skeletal muscle physiology. This work examines the levels of nitrate (the metabolic end-product of NO) in muscle and plasma after different exercise protocols: namely acute, eccentric, cardiac stress an...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0693-2
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::SCUBA diving is regularly associated with asymptomatic changes in cardiac, pulmonary and vascular function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in vascular/endothelial function following SCUBA diving and to assess the potential difference between two breathing gases: air and nitrox 36 (36% oxygen and 64%...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2187-6
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether sodium citrate enhances endurance cycling performance and, if so, what dosage(s) produces this effect. Eight trained [peak power output: 362 (48) W; power:weight: 5.1 (0.4) W x kg(-1), mean (SD)] male cyclists were requested to complete four, 40-km time...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210000264
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Androgenic steroids administered in doses at pharmacological levels to sedentary animals have been shown to result in a reduced beta-adrenoceptor-mediated increase in systolic cardiac performance when assessed in vivo. Whether the attenuated adrenergic response occurs as a consequence of alterations in either cardiac ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210050048
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cooling of a muscle has a detrimental effect on its force, power and contraction velocity, but may improve force control during precision movements by reducing physiological tremor. We investigated if the contractile characteristics of the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) were linked to voluntary force control in...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0938-8
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was conducted in order to evaluate whether physiological strain is alleviated by a new personal cooling system (CS) consisting of a layered vest and integrated blower that generate a flow of air. Twelve male volunteers were exposed to climatic conditions of 40 degrees C, 40%RH (40/40), and 35 degrees...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0716-8
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen healthy men performed a 5-week training program comprising four sets of seven unilateral, coupled concentric-eccentric knee extensions 2-3 times weekly. While eight men were assigned to training using a weight stack (WS) machine, seven men trained using a flywheel (FW) device, which inherently provides variabl...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0583-8
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Vascular dysfunction has been demonstrated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exercise is known to positively affect vascular function. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate exercise-induced effects on vascular function in AD. METHODS:Thirty-nine patients with AD (79 ± 8 years) were recruited a...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04447-w
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothermia is commonly found in accidents on land and at sea, yet its pulmonary circulatory effects have not been studied before. To study the effects of hypothermia on the right heart function and pulmonary circulation, cardiac catheterization was carried out on nine anaesthetized beagle dogs. The dogs were cooled b...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210050059
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An inverse relationship has been shown between running and cycling exercise economy and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). The purposes were: 1) determine the relationship between walking economy and VO2max; and 2) determine the relationship between muscle metabolic economy and muscle oxidative capacity and fiber type. S...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-005-1370-z
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present experiment investigated the control of bipedal posture following localised muscle fatigue of the plantar-flexors and finger-flexors. Twelve young healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. They were asked to stand upright as still as possible with their eyes closed in two randomly ordered exper...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2009-x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Squat-stand manoeuvres (SSMs) have been used to induce blood pressure (BP) changes for the reliable assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation. However, they are physically demanding and thus multiple manoeuvres can be challenging for older subjects. This study aimed to determine the minimum number of SSMs r...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3964-2
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model that describes the blood lactate concentration (BLC) dynamics [BLC(t)] of a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) as a function of (a) BLC at the start of exercise (BLC(0)), (b) extra-vascular increase in lactate (A), (c) two corresponding velocity constants of appearance (k (1)) and disappearance (k (2)) of lactate i...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1481-z
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured diffusing capacity (DLCO), alveolar membrane properties (D (m)), capillary lung volume (V (c)), and alveolar volume (V (A) ) in 20 healthy subjects (12 males; age 32.4 +/- 13 (SD); BMI 21.7 +/- 3; non smokers) at total lung capacity (TLC) and at approximately 80, 60, and 40% TLC. In all subjects, D (m) inc...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0625-2
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated time-dependent alterations in pulmonary vascular reactivity to acute hypoxia and to the administration of angiotensin II (AT-II) during and after chronic exposure to cold using isolated perfused lung specimens from rats. Animals were exposed to a cold environment (3.5 (mean) +/- 1.0 (SD) degrees C...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0436-5
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel modality that has been demonstrated to enhance muscular and cardiovascular functions reported to increase fibrinolytic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the fibrinolytic response to WBV and exercise in men. Twenty healthy males (23.8 ± 0.9 years, 25.6 ± 0.2 kg m(-...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1590-8
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Our purpose was to compare supramaximal versus submaximal intensity eccentric training performed until volitional fatigue. METHODS:Thirty-two young adults (19 males) were randomized into one of three groups: (1) ECC110 performed eccentric (ECC) only contractions at 110% of concentric (CON) 1-repetition maximum...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3700-3
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the topic of physical training and blood coagulation are rare and the effects are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether endurance training adjusts blood coagulation and fibrinolysis at rest and after exercise. The study included 50 healthy untrained non-smoker...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2564-9
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test whether adding insulation to the arms would improve cold water swimming performance by delaying swimming failure (SF). Novice (n = 7) and expert (n = 8) swimmers, clothed and equipped with a personal flotation device, each performed two trials in a swimming flume filled with 10 degrees C water. During free swi...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0690-1
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six men and four women performed, in separate trials, maximal dynamic knee extensions with loads of 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% of maximal isometric knee extension peak torque (MVC). The dynamic extensions were done after postactivation potentiation (PAP) had been induced with a 10-s MVC, and in a control trial without PAP....
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210000304
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Although large knee extensor torque contributes to superior sprint performance, previous findings have indicated that the quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), a pivotal morphological regulator of knee extensor torque, is not correlated with performance in sprinters. We hypothesized that the knee extensor mome...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3557-5
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare cardiometabolic responses to five consecutive days of daily postprandial exercise accumulated in three 10-min bouts or a single 30-min bout to a no-exercise control. METHODS:Ten insufficiently active adults completed three trials in a randomised order. Each trial comprised five consecutive days of 3...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04461-y
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the elevation in oxygen consumption following exercise. Biochemical processes that return muscle to its pre-exercise state do not account for all of the extra oxygen consumed after exercise (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC). Muscle at rest after aerobi...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0578-5
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Velocity at VO(2 max) (vV(.)O(2 max)) and peak treadmill velocity (PTV) are variables highly predictive of endurance performance. However, how these variables are affected by the menstrual cycle is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the menstrual cycle on vV(.)O(2 max) and PTV. Ten, female runn...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1272-5
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Traditional resistance exercise decreases vagal tone up to 30 min after an acute bout of resistance exercise, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the effects of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) on autonomic modulation are unclear. To evaluate autonomic modulation ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04201-x
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of fatigue on the stretch reflex evoked in ankle extensor muscles by hopping was investigated in six healthy men. The men hopped on a force platform, at spontaneous frequency and amplitude, until they were unable to maintain the initial frequency or amplitude of the jumps. This task was done with the kne...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210000324
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Oral L-citrulline (Cit) increases plasma L-arginine (Arg) concentration and the production of nitric oxide (NO). NO dilates blood vessels and potentially improves sports performance. The combination of oral Arg and Cit (Arg + Cit) immediately and synergistically increases plasma Arg and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) co...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04097-7
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aimed to compare muscle architecture and electromyographic activity during isotonic (IT) and isokinetic (IK) knee extensors eccentric contractions. Seventeen subjects were assigned in test and reproducibility groups. During test session, subjects performed two IT and two IK sets of eccentric contract...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1894-3
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of head-up-tilt (HUT) on the isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in man, and to investigate the effect of orthostatic blood shifts separately from other gravitational effects by the application of lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) with subjects in a horizo...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210050070
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tendon stiffness increases as the magnitude and rate of loading increases, according to its viscoelastic properties. Thus, under some loading conditions tendons should become exceptionally stiff and act almost as rigid force transducers. Nonetheless, observations of tendon behavior during multi-joint sprinting and jum...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2744-2
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00