Abstract：
:Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is the prototype for a large family of pleiotropic factors that signal via heterotetrameric complexes of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. Important intracellular mediators of TGFβ signaling are members of the Smad family. Smad2 and 3 are activated by C-terminal receptor-mediated phosphorylation, whereafter they form complexes with Smad4 and are translocated to the nucleus where they, in cooperation with other transcription factors, co-activators and co-repressors, regulate the transcription of specific genes. Smads have key roles in exerting TGFβ-induced programs leading to cell growth arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The activity and stability of Smad molecules are carefully regulated by a plethora of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, acetylation and poly(ADP)-ribosylation. The Smad function has been shown to be perturbed in certain diseases such as cancer.
journal_name
Cell Tissue Resjournal_title
Cell and tissue researchauthors
Heldin CH,Moustakas Adoi
10.1007/s00441-011-1190-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
21-36issue
1eissn
0302-766Xissn
1432-0878journal_volume
347pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Using isoenzyme-specific antisera, we have studied the distribution of protein kinase C isoforms in fetal mouse organs at the developmental age of 17 days. Two different sets of antibodies, produced by different manufacturers, were employed in this study. The specificity of the antisera was tested by immunoblotting ex...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00318364
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With an indirect immunofluorescence technique and an antiserum raised against synthetic LHRH, immunofluorescent granules were observed in fine radially oriented fibres in the palisade layer of the zoma externa in both the anterior and the posterior divisions of the median eminence in the greenfinch. There was no speci...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00223264
更新日期：1975-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructural localization of ryanodine receptors (RyR) in sinus endothelial cells of the rat spleen was examined by confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy by using isoform-specific antibodies to each of the RyR isoforms. Immunofluorescence microscopy of tissue cryosections revealed RyR3 to be localized...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-004-0904-8
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructure of the calcium-sensitive (Ca-s) (PAS-positive) cells of the pars intermedia was investigated in eels kept in hypo- and hyperosmotic environments. Although the cells were moderately active in fresh water (FW), they were highly stimulated in deionized water (DW) and displayed an enlarged Golgi apparat...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00210015
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of HIF-1α by oxygen limitation promotes increased phosphorylation and catalytic depression of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and an enhanced glycolytic poise in cells. Cobalt chloride and desferrioxamine are widely used as mimics for hypoxia because they increase the levels of HIF-1α. We evaluate...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-012-1517-2
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bovine granulosa cells from 3-7 mm follicles were cultured without anchorage in soft agar/methylcellulose solution for 14 days, with or without 50 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor. The granulosa cells divided to form colonies of cells. These were analysed by light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00318878
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male/female differences in enzyme activity and gene expression in the liver are known to be attenuated with ageing. Nevertheless, the effect of ageing on liver structure and quantitative cell morphology remains unknown. Male and female Wistar rats aged 2, 6, 12 and 18 months were examined by means of stereological tec...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-016-2490-y
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT)-immunoreactive cells and melatonin synthesis were demonstrated in bovine epithalamus (including the pineal gland) with monoclonal antibodies and cRNA probes to HIOMT. The HIOMT-immunoreactive product was present in the cytoplasm of pinealocytes. All identifiable pinealocytes w...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00327275
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molting in shrimp is controlled by the molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and ecdysone. MIH inhibits the synthesis of ecdysone in the Y-organ, resulting in molt suppression; it is a neuropeptide member belonging to the eyestalk CHH/MIH/GIH family. The cloning of MIH (formerly MIH-like) of the shrimp Metapenaeus ensis has b...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410000299
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrastructural aspects of hypertrophic chondrocytes in hamster and mouse epiphysial cartilage were examined in relation to their metabolic activities. With the hypertrophic change, cytoplasmic vacuolization proceeded leaving the partially intact endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the hypertrophic cells, cytoplasmic hyalu...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004419900082
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hormone-induced pigment dispersion in primary cultures of xanthophores of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) has been shown to involve the dispersion of not only carotenoid droplets but also of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The dispersion of these organelles is inhibited by cytochalasin B and is accompanied by thinni...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00219555
更新日期：1978-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons projecting from the brain to the pineal gland via the pineal stalk were investigated in the golden hamster with the use of the retrograde horseradish-peroxidase tracing method both in vivo and in vitro. Labelled perikarya were observed in the medial and lateral habenular nuclei as well as in the posterior comm...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00216557
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Periodontal regeneration requires the coordinated movement and differentiation of several cell types in order to re-establish the cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. Cells in culture are often used as model systems for mature tissues, although they may represent expanded progenitor cell population...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00441-006-0282-5
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During developmental critical periods, external stimuli are crucial for information processing, acquisition of new functions or functional recovery after CNS damage. These phenomena depend on the capability of neurons to modify their functional properties and/or their connections, generally defined as "plasticity". Al...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-011-1293-4
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphology of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the human fundic mucosa was investigated at the light-microscopic level by means of the unlabeled peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, with the use of a highly specific anti-serotonin serum. EC-cells in the human fundic mucosa were sparsely distributed below the neck port...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00226973
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two populations of thymic lymphocytes from eight-week-old mice were separated based on the light scatter intensity they generated while passing through a flow cell analyser. The two populations were subsequently studied morphologically and analysed for the relative amount of DNA present in each cell. Cells having a lo...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00234855
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following castration, the nucleus of the dark cells of the subcortical portions of the collecting tubules in the rat kidney showed two types of morphological alterations: 1) Decomposition of the nuclear membrane in a circumscribed area. This phenomenon is independent of the sex of the animal and becomes more frequent ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00220204
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a 134 amino acid protein belonging in the GDNF family ligands (GFLs). GDNF was originally isolated from rat glial cell lines and identified as a neurotrophic factor with the ability to promote dopamine uptake within midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Since its discover...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-020-03287-6
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to ion-poor (soft) water to test the hypothesis that naturally induced proliferation of branchial chloride cells causes a thickening of the blood-to-water diffusion barrier. This was achieved by using a combination of scanning and transmission electron-microscopic techn...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410050622
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 have antagonistic effects on the acellular bone of the tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the activity of the lining osteoblasts. Prolonged administration leads to demineralization of the bone matrix. Injection of 24,25-dihydroxyvi...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00206270
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complex intracellular inclusion bodies of the Biondi type were observed in the choroidal epithelium (choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle) of a 43-year-old male chimpanzee. The specific components of these inclusions are bundles of filaments 8-15 nm in diameter, which are associated with lipid droplets and a wide v...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00217876
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stem cells are an attractive cellular source for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their multipotency. Although the elasticity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to have crucial impacts in directing stem cell differentiation, it is not the only contributing factor. Many res...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-015-2190-z
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pancreatic acinar cells of euthermic, hibernating and arousing individuals of the hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius (Gliridae) have been observed at the electron-microscopic level and analysed by means of ultrastructural morphometry and immunocytochemistry in order to investigate possible fine structural changes...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410051082
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pinealocytes of the pig contain conspicuous dense bodies, the nature and role of which are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether or not these structures are involved in the secretion process. The tannic acid-Ringer incubation (TARI)-method, which allows a clear-cut ultrastructu...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00313977
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuropeptide content of nerve fibers associated with submucosal arteries in the small intestine of guinea pigs was studied in whole-mount preparations using immunohistochemical methods. Tissues were obtained from normal animals or animals in which the small intestine had been extrinsically denervated. In normal an...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00219756
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchyme-derived cells accountable for bone synthesis, remodelling and healing. Differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) towards osteocytes is a multi-step process strictly controlled by various genes, transcription factors and signalling proteins. The aim of this ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-013-1750-3
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During normal development of many vertebrate species, substantial numbers of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system undergo naturally occurring (or programmed) cell death. For example, approximately 50% of spinal motoneurons degenerate and die at a time when these cells are establishing synaptic connecti...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004410050690
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that play multiple roles in early development, including the differentiation of precursor cells. During this period, gradients of Wnts and other morphogens are formed and regulate the differentiation and migration of neural progenitor cells. Afterwards, Wnt signalling cascades participa...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00441-014-1996-4
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The three-dimensional architecture of the tubular endocytic apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum in the rat yolk-sac endoderm was investigated after loading with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated concanavalin A by intrauterine administration. After 30 min, small vesicles (50-150 nm in diameter), small tubules (80-1...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00414178
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The position, structure and function of the valves within the lateral sinus of the medical leech, Hirudo medicinalis, are described on the basis of vital, light- and electron microscopy. In this species the valvular apparatus consists of multiple elongated fir cone-shaped fibrous villi surrounding the orifices of the ...
journal_title：Cell and tissue research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00399522
更新日期：1976-09-20 00:00:00
