Abstract:
:Bacterial cellular metabolism is renowned for its metabolic diversity and adaptability. However, certain environments present particular challenges. Aerobic metabolism of highly reduced carbon substrates by soil bacteria such as Paracoccus pantotrophus presents one such challenge since it may result in excessive electron delivery to the respiratory redox chain when compared with the availability of terminal oxidant, O2. The level of a periplasmic ubiquinol-dependent nitrate reductase, NAP, is up-regulated in the presence of highly reduced carbon substrates. NAP oxidizes ubiquinol at the periplasmic face of the cytoplasmic membrane and reduces nitrate in the periplasm. Thus its activity counteracts the accumulation of excess reducing equivalents in ubiquinol, thereby maintaining the redox poise of the ubiquinone/ubiquinol pool without contributing to the protonmotive force across the cytoplasmic membrane. Although P. pantotrophus NapAB shows a high level of substrate specificity towards nitrate, the enzyme has also been reported to reduce selenate in spectrophotometric solution assays. This transaction draws on our current knowledge concerning the bacterial respiratory nitrate reductases and extends the application of PFE (protein film electrochemistry) to resolve and quantify the selenate reductase activity of NapAB.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Gates AJ,Butler CS,Richardson DJ,Butt JNdoi
10.1042/BST0390236subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
236-42issue
1eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST0390236journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The yeast Sir2 (silent information regulator-2) protein functions as an NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase to silence gene expression from the mating-type locus, tolomeres and rDNA and also promotes longevity and genome stability in response to calorie restriction. Homologues of yeast Sir2 have been identified in th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320904
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate), has been with us for nearly 20 years and yet we still cannot fully agree on the identity of its target Ca2+-release channel. In spite of some recent robust challenges to the idea that two-pore channels (TPCs) represent the elu...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140300
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human RAD30B gene has recently been shown to encode a novel DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase iota (poliota). The role of poliota within the cell is presently unknown, and the only clues to its cellular function come from its biochemical characterization in vitro. The aim of this short review is, therefore, to summar...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290183
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common phenotypic change in cancer is a dramatic transformation of cellular glycosylation. Functional studies of particular tumour-associated oligosaccharides are difficult to interpret conclusively, but carbohydrate-binding proteins are likely to contribute to progression of the tumour. This review discusses the po...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0390388
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer heterogeneity demands that prognostic models must be biologically driven and recent clinical evidence indicates that future prognostic signatures need evaluation in the context of early compared with late metastatic risk prediction. In pre-clinical studies, we and others have shown that various protein-p...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140165
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of the translation initiation complex represents the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. Translation initiation in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus depends on several translation IFs (initiation factors), some of which have eukaryal but no bacterial counterparts. In the present paper, we rev...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120300
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The short consensus/complement repeat (SCR) domain (also known as the complement control protein domain) is the most abundant domain type in the complement system. Crystal and NMR structures for proteins that contain single and multiple SCR domains have now been published. These contain inter-SCR linkers of between th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300996
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The IRF [IFN (interferon) regulatory factor] family of transcription factors control many cellular processes, including induction of key antiviral cytokines, type I IFNs, following viral infection. Recent studies have revealed several endogenous and viral proteins involved in ubiquitin-mediated regulation of IRF activ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360453
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350281
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila melanogaster flightless I protein and its homologues in higher eukaryotes (FliI) are conserved members of the gelsolin family of actin-binding proteins. Members of the gelsolin family generally contain three or six copies of a 125-amino-acid residue gelsolin-related repeating unit, and may contain addit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320940
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glutamate/aspartate transporter GLAST-1 is expressed in bone in vivo and also exists as a splice variant (GLAST-1a) in which exon 3 is excluded. Since GLAST-1 expression is regulated in bone in response to osteogenic mechanical stimuli in vivo and binding of glutamate to receptors on osteoblasts increases osteobla...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300890
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In T cell development, a pivotal decision-making stage, termed β-selection, integrates a TCRβ checkpoint to coordinate survival, proliferation and differentiation to an αβ T cell. Here, we review how transcriptional regulation coordinates fate determination in early T cell development to enable β-selection. Errors in ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180414
更新日期:2019-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::The cell-cycle-co-ordinated initiation of chromosomal replication is highly regulated. The ordered assembly and conformational change of specific proteins at the replication origin are crucial to the process of replication initiation. In Escherichia coli, ATP-DnaA molecules form multimeric complexes with the chromosom...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0360078
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::[Ca(2+)](i) (intracellular Ca(2+) concentration) oscillations play a central role in the activation of T-lymphocytes by antigen. Oscillations in T-cells are absolutely dependent on Ca(2+) influx through store-operated CRAC channels (Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) channels), and evidence suggests that they arise from ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310925
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, we have delineated several key steps in CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) invader defence pathways. P. furiosus has seven transcriptionally active CRISPR loci that together encode a total of 200 crRNAs (CRISPR RNAs...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130056
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As intracellular pathogens, enveloped viruses must usurp the host cell machinery for many stages of the viral life cycle in order to produce a new generation of infectious virions. In one of the less understood steps of viral assembly, viral components including the transmembrane glycoproteins, structural proteins and...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120166
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glyoxals are reactive alpha-oxoaldehydes that are formed endogenously from sugars, the levels of which are increased in various pathological conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and thiamine deficiency. However, the molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of glyoxal are not known. Results presented here and in the other s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311390
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate lipid homoeostasis. Three SREBP isoforms control the expression of more than 30 genes required for the biosynthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The unique regulation and activati...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0301091
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biotin, which serves as a carboxyl group carrier in reactions catalyzed by biotin-dependent carboxylases, is essential for life in most organisms. To function in carboxylate transfer, the vitamin must be post-translationally linked to a specific lysine residue on the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) of a carboxylase in a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180425
更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Starting shortly after parturition, and continuing throughout our lifetime, the gut microbiota coevolves with our metabolic and neurological programming. This symbiosis is regulated by a complex interplay between the host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Not surprisingly, the development of thi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20191144
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide is an intermediate of denitrification, and is one of the radical species deployed by macrophages against invading pathogens, therefore bacterial responses to NO are of considerable importance. The Escherichia coli flavorubredoxin and its associated oxidoreductase reduce NO to nitrous oxide under anaerobic...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330181
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::JAK (Janus kinase) 2 plays a critical role in signal transduction through several cytokine receptors. JAKs contain a typical tyrosine kinase domain preceded by a pseudokinase [JH2 (JAK homology 2)] domain which has been considered to be catalytically inactive. Identification of activating mutations in the JH2 domain o...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130005
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Rho/Rop small GTPase regulatory module is central for initiating exocytotically ACDs (active cortical domains) in plant cell cortex, and a growing array of Rop regulators and effectors are being discovered in plants. Structural membrane phospholipids are important constituents of cells as well as signals, and phos...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380723
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Although considered benign diseases, both varicella and zoster can cause complications. Zoster is painful and can lead to post herpetic neuralgia. VZV has also been linked to stroke, related to giant cell arteritis in...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20190511
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel strategy to treat anxiety and fear-related disorders such as phobias, panic and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is combining CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), including extinction-based exposure therapy, with cognitive enhancers. By targeting and boosting mechanisms underlying learning, drug developme...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130233
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of entire genome sequences and the wealth of literature on gene regulation have enabled researchers to model an organism's transcriptional regulation system in the form of a network. In such a network, TFs (transcription factors) and TGs (target genes) are represented as nodes and regulatory interacti...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381155
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During early flower development in Arabidopsis, floral stem cells proliferate and produce a sufficient amount of cells that are recruited for organogenesis. However, after the central organ primordia initiate, stem cell activity in the floral meristem is terminated to ensure the differentiation of a fixed number of fl...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380613
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laccases are oxidase enzymes produced by 'white rot' fungi as part of a complex armoury of redox enzymes used to break down lignin--part of the carbon cycle of nature. Laccases alone or in combination with redox co-catalysts have been shown to oxidize xenobiotic compounds under conditions that can be described as 'gre...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20060304
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a novel, highly sensitive and selective method for the detection and quantification of acyl-CoA esters from Arabidopsis thaliana. Extracted acyl-CoA esters were derived to their fluorescent acyl-etheno-CoA esters, separated by ion-paired reversed-phase HPLC, and detected fluorometrically. We report the compo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies of some proteins involved in the formation of focal adhesions are described. These include fibronectin, integrins, talin, Dok1 and filamin. Emphasis is placed on features that facilitate regulated assembly of complexes; these include a modular construction and flexible regions that provide interaction s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360263
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00