Abstract：
:The B cell arm of the immune response becomes activated soon after HIV-1 transmission, yet the initial antibody response does not control HIV-1 replication, and it takes months for neutralizing antibodies to develop against the autologous virus. Antibodies that can be broadly protective are made only in a minority of subjects and take years to develop--too late to affect the course of disease. New studies of the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection, new techniques to probe the human B cell repertoire, the modest degree of efficacy in a vaccine trial and new studies of human monoclonal antibodies that represent the types of immune responses an HIV-1 vaccine should induce are collectively illuminating paths that a successful HIV-1 vaccine might take.
journal_name
Trends Mol Medjournal_title
Trends in molecular medicineauthors
Haynes BF,Moody MA,Liao HX,Verkoczy L,Tomaras GDdoi
10.1016/j.molmed.2010.10.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
108-16issue
2eissn
1471-4914issn
1471-499Xpii
S1471-4914(10)00166-8journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Tumour classification has traditionally focused on differentiation and cellular morphology, and latterly on the application of genomic approaches. By combining chromatin immunoprecipitation with expression array, it has been possible to identify direct gene targets for transcription factors for nuclear hormone recepto...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2008.09.002
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have shown that male reproductive function is modulated via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The MAPK cascade is involved in numerous male reproductive processes, including spermatogenesis, sperm maturation and activation, capacitation and acrosome reaction, before fertilization of t...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2009.02.002
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric-oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs), which consist of an NSAID with an NO-donating moiety covalently attached to it, promise to contribute significantly towards the development of effective chemoprevention strategies against cancer. NO-NSAIDs inhibit the growth of cultured cancer cel...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2004.05.004
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physicians have, for over a century, attempted to harness the potential therapeutic power of the immune system to treat patients with cancer. The discovery that cancer regression can be achieved by immune rejection of tumour antigens theoretically allows the eradication of neoplastic cells without toxicity to normal t...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2004.02.006
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten percent of the population worldwide suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by fibrotic changes in the kidney. Fibrosis is associated with loss of epithelial parenchyma, and accumulation of myofibroblasts, fibrillary collagen, and inflammatory cells. Two recent papers highlight the critical role o...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2015.11.009
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful molecular targeting of nanoparticle drug carriers can enhance therapeutic specificity and reduce systemic toxicity. Typically, ligands specific for cognate receptors expressed on the intended target cell type are conjugated to the nanoparticle surface. This approach, often called active targeting, seems to ...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2018.05.003
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical medicine of the future is poised to use an individual's genomic data to predict disease risk and guide clinical care. The treatment of cigarette smoking and tobacco use disorder represents a prime area for genomics implementation. The genes CHRNA5 and CYP2A6 are strong genomic contributors that alter the risk...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.001
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine is a complex, disabling disorder of the brain that manifests itself as attacks of often severe, throbbing head pain with sensory sensitivity to light, sound and head movement. There is a clear familial tendency to migraine, which has been well defined in a rare autosomal dominant form of familial hemiplegic m...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2006.11.005
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While the hippocampus has long been recognized as a brain structure specialized in mapping 'space' in rodents, human studies and now recent data from rodents have shown that its function extends well beyond spatial coding. Recently, an overlooked area of the hippocampus, CA2, has emerged as a critical region for socia...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2016.06.007
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many fundamental questions about sleep remain unanswered. The presence of sleep across phyla suggests that it must serve a basic cellular and/or molecular function. Microarray studies, performed in several model systems, have identified classes of genes that are sleep-state regulated. This has led to the following con...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2008.12.002
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Post-transcriptional RNA editing generates novel gene products by changing the coding sequence of the transcript from that in the genome. Two classes of RNA editing exist in mammals, each of which involves an enzymatic deamination. These reactions have stringent sequence and structural requirements for their target RN...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4914(03)00032-7
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells are the most responsive immune cells to exercise, displaying an acute mobilization to the circulation during physical exertion. Recently, exercise-dependent mobilization of NK cells was found to play a central role in exercise-mediated protection against cancer. Here, we review the link betwe...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2016.05.007
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD4(+) T cells occupy a central role in the induction and regulation of adaptive immune responses. Activated CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells exert immediate effector functions by producing cytokines and chemokines, providing help for the induction of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and memory, and providing help fo...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2010.07.007
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2, encoding polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively. Optimizing the folding environment for polycystin-1 missense mutations may have a critical effect on the progression of ADPKD in animal models and could potentially lead t...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2016.10.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endocannabinoid signaling system (ECSS) is altered by exposure to stress and mediates and modulates the effects of stress on the brain. Considerable preclinical data support critical roles for the endocannabinoids and their target, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, in the adaptation of the brain to repeated stress exp...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.002
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) provide a systematic approach to uncovering epigenetic variants underlying common diseases. Discoveries have shed light on novel molecular mechanisms of disease and enabled the application of epigenetic variants as biomarkers. Here, we highlight the recent advances in this em...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2014.07.002
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal self-digestion process essential for cellular homeostasis, differentiation and survival. As an adaptive response, it protects organisms against a wide range of pathologies, including cancer, infection, neurodegeneration, heart disease and ageing. Thus, compounds activ...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2010.04.005
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many infectious agents elicit a type I interferon response but, until recently, the molecular details that coordinate interferon (IFN)-alpha and -beta expression during infection were unknown. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors and cytoplasmic RNA helicases such as retinoic acid...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2005.07.006
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that not only regulate gene expression within cells, but might also constitute promising extracellular biomarkers for a variety of pathologies, including the progressive muscle-wasting disorder Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). A set of muscle-enriched miRNAs, the myomiRs (miR-1, miR-...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2017.09.002
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients who survive a stroke have an increased risk for recurrent vascular events. The mechanisms underlying the events are barely understood. A recent study suggests that stroke-enhanced atherosclerosis is induced through brain-released alarmins, which lead to systemic vascular inflammation and plaque formation. Int...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2018.04.008
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ubiquitin-containing cellular inclusions are characteristic of major neurodegenerative diseases and suggest an involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The frameshifted form of ubiquitin has proved to be a valuable tool for studying the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. It is an endogenous reporter for p...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2005.09.001
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations in circulating lipids and ectopic lipid deposition impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes fatty acids (FAs) from triglyceride (TAG)-rich lipoproteins including very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and chylomicrons, and regulates their di...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.010
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of pathogen-specific binding antibodies has long been considered a signature of protective immunity following vaccination and infection. The humoral immune response is a complex network of antibodies that target different specificities and drive different functions, collectively acting to limit and clear inf...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2016.09.002
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:B lymphocytes are essential for an efficient immune response against a variety of pathogens. A large fraction of hematologic malignancies is of B cell origin, suggesting that the development and activation of B cells need to be tightly regulated. In recent years, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that micr...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.001
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations in histone lysine methylation and other epigenetic regulators of gene expression contribute to changes in brain transcriptomes in mood and psychosis spectrum disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. Genetic association studies and animal models implicate multiple lysine methyltransferases and dem...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2011.02.003
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. A family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) acts as primary sensors that detect a wide variety of microbial components and elicit innate immune responses. All TLR signaling pathways culminate in activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-ka...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2007.09.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Latin America and Southeast Asia has created an urgent need for new, simple, yet sensitive, diagnostic tests. We highlight recent work using paper-based sensors coupled with CRISPR/Cas9 to detect ZIKV RNA as a new approach to achieve rapid development and deployment of ...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2016.05.009
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex differences have been clinically documented in numerous neurodegenerative diseases and yet the reasons for these differences are not well understood. Recent studies have found that microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are a key cell type involved in neurodegenerative diseases. This cel...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.001
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While preclinical studies have reported improvement of behavioral deficits in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), translation to human clinical trials to improve cognition in individuals with DS has had a poor success record. Timing of the intervention, choice of animal models, strategy for drug selection, a...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.001
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous brain repair after stroke involves a set of highly interactive processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, which together orchestrate neurological recovery. During the past several years, there have been advances in our understanding of miRNAs and...
journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.005
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
