The spread of innovations in social networks.

abstract：:The downstream box (DB) is a sequence element that enhances translation of several bacterial and phage mRNAs. It has been proposed that the DB enhances translation by base pairing transiently to bases 1469-1483 of 16S rRNA, the so-called anti-DB, during the initiation phase of translation. We have tested this model of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Connor M,Asai T,Squires CL,Dahlberg AE

更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of pyrophosphate on RNA binding and ATPase activities of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho have been studied. Mutant rho-115 protein has a temperature-sensitive RNA-dependent ATPase activity due to the thermolability of binding to RNA [Kent, R.B. & Guterman, S.K. (1981) Fed. Proc. Fed. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kent RB,Guterman SK

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disease tolerance, the capacity of tissues to withstand damage caused by a stimulus without a decline in host fitness, varies across tissues, environmental conditions, and physiologic states. While disease tolerance is a known strategy of host defense, its role in noninfectious diseases has been understudied. Here, we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Man K,Bowman C,Braverman KN,Escalante V,Tian Y,Bisanz JE,Ganeshan K,Wang B,Patterson A,Bayrer JR,Turnbaugh PJ,Chawla A

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino-acid sequence of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bovine bone is presented. The sequence of 43 of the 49 residues was determined automatically on the intact protein and on a tryptic peptide. The remainder was determined by conventional procedures on tryptic and chymotrytic peptides. Resid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Price PA,Poser JW,Raman N

更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcoholism causes serious neurologic disease that may be due, in part, to the ability of ethanol to interact with neural cell membranes and change neuronal function. Adenosine receptors are membrane-bound proteins that appear to mediate some of the effects of ethanol in the brain. Human lymphocytes also have adenosine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diamond I,Wrubel B,Estrin W,Gordon A

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe here a third region of variability in human fibronectin (FN) due to alternative RNA splicing. Two other positions of alternative splicing have been reported previously (ED and IIICS). The third region involves a 273-nucleotide exon encoding exactly one 91-amino acid repeat of type III homology, located bet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gutman A,Kornblihtt AR

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans speak, monkeys grunt, and ducks quack. How do we come to know which vocalizations animals produce? Here we explore this question by asking whether young infants expect humans, but not other animals, to produce speech, and further, whether infants have similarly restricted expectations about the sources of vocal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vouloumanos A,Druhen MJ,Hauser MD,Huizink AT

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) plays a major role in coupling T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation to induction of actin cytoskeletal changes required for T cell activation. Here, we report that WASp inducibly binds the sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) in T cells and that WASp, SNX9, p85, and CD28 colocalize w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Badour K,McGavin MK,Zhang J,Freeman S,Vieira C,Filipp D,Julius M,Mills GB,Siminovitch KA

更新日期：2007-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The nervous system is a biological computer integrating the body's reflex and voluntary environmental interactions (behavior) with a relatively constant internal state (homeostasis)-- promoting survival of the individual and species. The wiring diagram of the nervous system's structural connectivity provides an obliga...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swanson LW,Bota M

更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Our conditional serum response factor (SRF) knockout, Srf (Cko), in the heart-forming region blocked the appearance of rhythmic beating myocytes, one of the earliest cardiac defects caused by the ablation of a cardiac-enriched transcription factor. The appearance of Hand1 and Smyd1, transcription and chromatin remodel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niu Z,Iyer D,Conway SJ,Martin JF,Ivey K,Srivastava D,Nordheim A,Schwartz RJ

更新日期：2008-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Buffering variability in morphogen distribution is essential for reproducible patterning. A theoretically proposed class of mechanisms, termed "distal pinning," achieves robustness by combining local sensing of morphogen levels with global modulation of gradient spread. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for morphog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rahimi N,Carmon S,Averbukh I,Khajouei F,Sinha S,Schejter ED,Barkai N,Shilo BZ

更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The excision and reintegration of transposable elements (TEs) restructure their host genomes, generating cellular diversity involved in evolution, development, and the etiology of human diseases. Our current knowledge of TE behavior primarily results from bulk techniques that generate time and cell ensemble averages, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim NH,Lee G,Sherer NA,Martini KM,Goldenfeld N,Kuhlman TE

更新日期：2016-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pools of heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been selectively solubilized from rat liver plasma membranes by successive incubations with heparin and detergent. The two populations of proteoglycans have similar polyanionic properties as indicated by identical elution positions on ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kjellén L,Pettersson I,Höök M

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility of activated T cells to apoptosis must be tightly regulated to ensure sufficient T cell progeny for an effective response, while allowing a rapid depletion of them at the end of the immune response. We show here that a previously isolated, NF-kappa B/rel target gene IEX-1 (Immediate Early response gene ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Schlossman SF,Edwards RA,Ou CN,Gu J,Wu MX

更新日期：2002-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Major changes in global rainfall patterns accompanied a northward shift of Earth's thermal equator at the onset of an abrupt climate change 14.6 kya. This northward pull of Earth's wind and rain belts stemmed from disintegration of North Atlantic winter sea ice cover, which steepened the interhemispheric meridional te...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Broecker WS,Putnam AE

更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human type O erythrocyte membranes were converted to type A1 by purified human A1-enzyme, to type A2 by purified human A2-enzyme, and to type B by purified human B-enzyme in the presence of radioactive sugar donors (i.e., UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine for A-enzyme and UDP-galactose for B-enzyme, respectively). Type A2 ery...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fujii H,Yoshida A

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model chemical network involving reactions and diffusion is studied. Spatially and temporally ordered solutions of the equations are found by bifurcation theory. These solutions are calculated analytically and their stability is studied. Properties of these dissipative structures are discussed, and a comparison with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nicolis G,Auchmuty JF

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the development of facial structures by depriving chicken embryos of the most anterior sources of this morphogen, including the prechordal plate and the anterior ventral endoderm of the foregut, before the onset of neural crest cell (NCC) migration to the first ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brito JM,Teillet MA,Le Douarin NM

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that Delta-mediated Notch signaling regulates the number of early differentiating neurons. However, the role of Notch activation and Jagged-mediated signaling during late neurogenesis remains poorly defined. In the developing spinal cord of zebrafish, GABAergic Kolmer-Agduhr (KA'') cells an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeo SY,Chitnis AB

更新日期：2007-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The "false thumb" of pandas is a carpal bone, the radial sesamoid, which has been enlarged and functions as an opposable thumb. If the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) are not closely related, their sharing of this adaptation implies a remarkable convergence. The discovery of pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Salesa MJ,Antón M,Peigné S,Morales J

更新日期：2006-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of the third component of human complement (C3) with methylamine results in a loss of hemolytic function and the appearance of a thiol group. Studies with [14C]methylamine have indicatd a stoichiometric and covalent reaction with the native protein. Hydrazine-inactivated C3 and C3b prepared with bovine tryps...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tack BF,Harrison RA,Janatova J,Thomas ML,Prahl JW

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Rev protein of HIV-1, which facilitates the nuclear export of HIV-1 pre-mRNAs, has been a target for antiviral therapy. Here we describe a new strategy for inhibiting Rev function and HIV-1 replication. In contrast to previous approaches, we use a wild-type rather than a mutant Rev protein and covalently link this...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qian XY,Chen ZY,Zhang J,Rabson AB,Krug RM

更新日期：1996-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant plasmids containing cDNA inserts from human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha), fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta), or immune interferon (INF-gamma) genes were radiolabeled and hybridized in situ to human metaphase chromosome preparations. The results localized the human IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes to the sho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trent JM,Olson S,Lawn RM

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allostery plays a key role in the regulation of the activity and function of many biomolecules. And although many ligands act through allostery, no systematic use is made of it in drug design strategies. Here we describe a procedure for identifying the regions of a protein that can be used to control its activity thro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laine E,Goncalves C,Karst JC,Lesnard A,Rault S,Tang WJ,Malliavin TE,Ladant D,Blondel A

更新日期：2010-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus subverts liver-specific microRNA, miR-122, to upregulate viral RNA abundance in both infected cultured cells and in the liver of infected chimpanzees. These findings have identified miR-122 as an attractive antiviral target. Thus, it is imperative to know whether a distinct functional complex exists ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Machlin ES,Sarnow P,Sagan SM

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice possess serum antibodies that recognize antigens expressed by cancer cells at the time of diagnosis. After diagnosis, cancers progress to more aggressive stages, most often by acquiring new genetic changes that can give rise to new proteins, some of which are antigenic. However, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spiotto MT,Reth MA,Schreiber H

更新日期：2003-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Controlling calorie intake (CCI) extends healthful life-span by a mechanism that may involve reduced rates of cell division without detriment to inducible cellular responses. To test whether inducible cellular proliferation is preserved by CCI and whether the mRNA expression levels of oncogenes activated by cell divis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Himeno Y,Engelman RW,Good RA

更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Wild-type newborn mice are characterized by the ability of certain liver-specific genes encoding various enzymes and mapping on different chromosomes to respond to glucocorticoid induction. Newborn mice homozygous for deletions at and around the albino locus on chromosome 7 fail to develop this competence for hormone-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeFranco D,Bali D,Torres R,DePinho RA,Erickson RP,Gluecksohn-Waelsch S

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Jun is a transcription factor belonging to the activator protein 1 family. A mutated version of Jun (v-Jun) transduced by the avian retrovirus ASV17 induces oncogenic transformation in avian cell cultures and sarcomas in young galliform birds. The oncogenicity of Jun probably results from transcriptional deregulation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu Sl,Bottoli I,Goller M,Vogt PK

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown that the long-term inhibition of IgE synthesis associated with perinatal inoculation of syngeneic IgE is accompanied by the synthesis of autoantibodies to IgE. Synthesis of IgE can also be inhibited by passive transfer of syngeneic anti-IgE antibodies. In the present investigation we made use of adoptive...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haba S,Nisonoff A

更新日期：1994-01-18 00:00:00