Hydrologic impacts of past shifts of Earth's thermal equator offer insight into those to be produced by fossil fuel CO2.

abstract：:Mutations in the human parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, a heritable form of Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine whether mutations in the mouse parkin gene (Park2) also result in a parkinsonian phenotype, we generated mice with a targeted deletion of parkin exon 2. Using an extensive beha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perez FA,Palmiter RD

更新日期：2005-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate immunity can facilitate nervous system regeneration, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial cell wall component, or the fungal cell wall extract zymosan both lead to rapid and comparable intra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baldwin KT,Carbajal KS,Segal BM,Giger RJ

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells in the brain act as components of extended networks. Therefore, to understand neurobiological processes in a physiological context, it is essential to study them in vivo. Super-resolution microscopy has spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit, thus promising to provide structural and functional insights ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turcotte R,Liang Y,Tanimoto M,Zhang Q,Li Z,Koyama M,Betzig E,Ji N

更新日期：2019-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:8-Methylbenz[a]anthracene (8-MeBaA) transdihydrodiol metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase and normal-phase HPLCs from incubations of 8-MeBaA with liver microsomes or a reconstituted system containing purified cytochrome P-448 and epoxide hydrolase. Regardless of the enzyme source, the metabolically formed 8-MeB...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang SK,Chou MW,Fu PP,Wislocki PG,Lu AH

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Silicate melts at the top of the transition zone and the core-mantle boundary have significant influences on the dynamics and properties of Earth's interior. MgSiO3-rich silicate melts were among the primary components of the magma ocean and thus played essential roles in the chemical differentiation of the early Eart...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee SK,Lin JF,Cai YQ,Hiraoka N,Eng PJ,Okuchi T,Mao HK,Meng Y,Hu MY,Chow P,Shu J,Li B,Fukui H,Lee BH,Kim HN,Yoo CS

更新日期：2008-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage Mu replicates as a transposable element, exploiting host enzymes to promote initiation of DNA synthesis. The phage-encoded transposase MuA, assembled into an oligomeric transpososome, promotes transfer of Mu ends to target DNA, creating a fork at each end, and then remains tightly bound to both forks. In...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakai H,Doseeva V,Jones JM

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change is expected to cause shifts in the composition of tropical montane forests towards increased relative abundances of species whose ranges were previously centered at lower, hotter elevations. To investigate this process of "thermophilization," we analyzed patterns of compositional change over the last de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duque A,Stevenson PR,Feeley KJ

更新日期：2015-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Although sexual selection theory has proved successful in explaining a wide array of male ornaments, the function of ornaments occurring in females is largely unknown. Traditionally, female ornaments have been considered nonfunctional, being merely a genetically correlated response to selection for male ornamentation....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amundsen T,Forsgren E

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans routinely formulate plans in domains so complex that even the most powerful computers are taxed. To do so, they seem to avail themselves of many strategies and heuristics that efficiently simplify, approximate, and hierarchically decompose hard tasks into simpler subtasks. Theoretical and cognitive research has...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huys QJ,Lally N,Faulkner P,Eshel N,Seifritz E,Gershman SJ,Dayan P,Roiser JP

更新日期：2015-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:When infants and adults communicate, they exchange social signals of availability and communicative intention such as eye gaze. Previous research indicates that when communication is successful, close temporal dependencies arise between adult speakers' and listeners' neural activity. However, it is not known whether s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leong V,Byrne E,Clackson K,Georgieva S,Lam S,Wass S

更新日期：2017-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated a cDNA clone, called Dmyd for Drosophila myogenic-determination gene, that encodes a protein with structural and functional characteristics similar to the members of the vertebrate MyoD family. Dmyd clone encodes a polypeptide of 332 amino acids with 82% identity to MyoD in the 41 amino acids of the p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paterson BM,Walldorf U,Eldridge J,Dübendorfer A,Frasch M,Gehring WJ

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A phylogeny of marine Rhodophyta has been inferred by a number of methods from nucleotide sequences of nuclear genes encoding small subunit rRNA from 39 species in 15 orders. Sequence divergences are relatively large, especially among bangiophytes and even among congeners in this group. Subclass Bangiophycidae appears...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ragan MA,Bird CJ,Rice EL,Gutell RR,Murphy CA,Singh RK

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a hallmark of major depressive disorder. A number of studies have shown that this dysregulation is correlated with impaired forebrain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. To determine whether a primary, acquired deficit in forebrain GR signaling is an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boyle MP,Brewer JA,Funatsu M,Wozniak DF,Tsien JZ,Izumi Y,Muglia LJ

更新日期：2005-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Several polymorphisms of the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) have been shown to increase the risk for schizophrenia, particularly TCF4 rs9960767. This polymorphism is associated with impaired sensorimotor gating measured by prepulse inhibition--an established endophenotype of schizophrenia. We therefore investigated whe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Quednow BB,Brinkmeyer J,Mobascher A,Nothnagel M,Musso F,Gründer G,Savary N,Petrovsky N,Frommann I,Lennertz L,Spreckelmeyer KN,Wienker TF,Dahmen N,Thuerauf N,Clepce M,Kiefer F,Majic T,Mössner R,Maier W,Gallinat J,D

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzymes responsible for the oxidation of n-octane to octanoic acid or beyond in Pseudomonas oleovorans are octane inducible and are coded by genes borne on a transmissible extrachromosomal element. The octane to octanoate enzymes induced by octane are repressed by octanol. The chromosome also carries genes coding ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chakrabarty AM,Chou G,Gunsalus IC

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells is maintained by transcription factors that form a highly interconnected protein interaction network surrounding the homeobox protein Nanog. Enforced expression of Nanog in mouse ES (mES) cells promotes self-renewal and alleviates their requirement for leukemia inhibitory fact...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang J,Levasseur DN,Orkin SH

更新日期：2008-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulinomas are pancreatic islet tumors that inappropriately secrete insulin, producing hypoglycemia. Exome and targeted sequencing revealed that 14 of 43 insulinomas harbored the identical somatic mutation in the DNA-binding zinc finger of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation seque...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cromer MK,Choi M,Nelson-Williams C,Fonseca AL,Kunstman JW,Korah RM,Overton JD,Mane S,Kenney B,Malchoff CD,Stalberg P,Akerström G,Westin G,Hellman P,Carling T,Björklund P,Lifton RP

更新日期：2015-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I and type III IFNs bind to different cell-surface receptors but induce identical signal transduction pathways, leading to the expression of antiviral host effector molecules. Despite the fact that type III IFN (IFN-λ) has been shown to predominantly act on mucosal organs, in vivo infection studies have failed to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pott J,Mahlakõiv T,Mordstein M,Duerr CU,Michiels T,Stockinger S,Staeheli P,Hornef MW

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Coxiella burnetti, the etiologic agent of Q fever, is an oligate intracellular parasite of eukaryotes. Unlike the majority of successful bacterial parasites, which escape the bactericidal environment of the phagolysosome by various means, C. burnetii multiplies only in the phagolysosome. In view of the relatively hars...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hackstadt T,Williams JC

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain mRNA, as in neurons, glycine greatly potentiated responses of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of excitatory amino acid receptor. Injected oocytes generated a partially desensitizing inward current in response to NMDA with 30 nM added glycine. As the added glycine concent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lerma J,Zukin RS,Bennett MV

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that Ha-ras and c-myc genes collaborate in promoting transformation, tumor progression, and metastasis. However, the precise mechanism underlying this cooperation remains unclear. In the present study, we document that astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is a downstream target molecule of Ha-ras a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee SG,Su ZZ,Emdad L,Sarkar D,Fisher PB

更新日期：2006-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:An expression is produced for the Casimir energy of a dielectric medium with a spherically symmetrical dielectric discontinuity. Tests based on dielectric and geometrical limits are successful. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schwinger J

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA class II gene polymorphism was investigated in 100 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Taq I-digested DNA using DRB, DQA, and DQB cDNA probes. Twenty-six patients had primarily chronic progressive MS and 74 had relapsing/remitting MS. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olerup O,Hillert J,Fredrikson S,Olsson T,Kam-Hansen S,Möller E,Carlsson B,Wallin J

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most current gene transfer methods function satisfactorily in specialized systems involving established cell lines but are often not applicable with nonadherent, primary hematopoietic cells, which are notoriously difficult to transfect. To approach this problem, we have investigated an alternative method of gene trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zenke M,Steinlein P,Wagner E,Cotten M,Beug H,Birnstiel ML

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon fixation is the process by which CO(2) is incorporated into organic compounds. In modern agriculture in which water, light, and nutrients can be abundant, carbon fixation could become a significant growth-limiting factor. Hence, increasing the fixation rate is of major importance in the road toward sustainabili...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bar-Even A,Noor E,Lewis NE,Milo R

更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Incubation of rat calvaria for short times in the presence of a labeled amino acid revealed the existence of a collagen fraction (procollagen) that functions as a biosynthetic precursor of collagen. Procollagen contains an alpha1-like chain (pre-alpha1) that elutes earlier from CM-cellulose than does rat-bone alpha1 a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bellamy G,Bornstein P

更新日期：1971-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of plasmin-derived fibrinogen fragments on the biosynthesis of fibrinogen was investigated in cultured monolayers of rat hepatocytes. Incubating the cells with several concentrations of either fibrinogen or fibrin fragment D or E had no effect on the synthesis and secretion of fibrinogen by these cells. How...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ritchie DG,Levy BA,Adams MA,Fuller GM

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the ultrafast structural transitions of the heme induced by nitric oxide (NO) binding for several heme proteins by subpicosecond time-resolved resonance Raman and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We probed the heme iron motion by the evolution of the iron-histidine Raman band intensity af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kruglik SG,Yoo BK,Franzen S,Vos MH,Martin JL,Negrerie M

更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how changes in antibiotic consumption affect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is important for public health. In a number of bacterial species, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the prevalence of resistance has remained relatively stable despite prolonged selection pressur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lehtinen S,Blanquart F,Croucher NJ,Turner P,Lipsitch M,Fraser C

更新日期：2017-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Bordetella pertussis secretes a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA, that is able to deliver its N-terminal catalytic domain (400-aa residues) into the cytosol of eukaryotic target cells, directly through the cytoplasmic membrane. We have previously shown that CyaA can be used as a vehicle to deliver T ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karimova G,Fayolle C,Gmira S,Ullmann A,Leclerc C,Ladant D

更新日期：1998-10-13 00:00:00