Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin-polycation conjugates: an efficient way to introduce DNA into hematopoietic cells.

abstract：:Toll like receptors (TLRs) use Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapters, such as myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF), to induce activation of transcription factors, including NF-κB, MAP kinases, and IFN regulatory factors. TLR sign...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Troutman TD,Hu W,Fulenchek S,Yamazaki T,Kurosaki T,Bazan JF,Pasare C

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been shown that [35S]methionine is incorporated into the [Met]enkephalin sequences of a 22,000-dalton enkephalin-containing protein in the adrenal medulla. Pulse-chase experiments indicate that label is incorporated into the large polypeptide before it appears in free [Met]enkephalin and a smaller [Met]enkephal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rossier J,Trifaró JM,Lewis RV,Lee RW,Stern A,Kimura S,Stein S,Udenfriend S

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A spectroscopic interpretation of incoherent neutron scattering experiments is presented which is based on Franck-Condon-type probabilities for scattering-induced transitions between quantum states of the target. The resulting expressions for the scattering functions enable an energy landscape-oriented analysis of neu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kneller GR

更新日期：2018-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In December of 2015, the international community pledged to limit global warming to below 2 °C above preindustrial (PI) to prevent dangerous climate change. However, to what extent, and for whom, is danger avoided if this ambitious target is realized? We address these questions by scrutinizing heat stress, because the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matthews TK,Wilby RL,Murphy C

更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A major question in plant physiology is how the large amount of sucrose made in leaves is transported to the rest of the plant. Although physiological, biochemical, and anatomical investigations have been performed in this field, to date there have been very few genetic studies. Using a reverse genetic screen, we have...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gottwald JR,Krysan PJ,Young JC,Evert RF,Sussman MR

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The harvest of wildlife for human consumption is valued at several billion dollars annually and provides an essential source of meat for hundreds of millions of rural people living in poverty. This harvest is also considered among the greatest threats to biodiversity throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Economi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brashares JS,Golden CD,Weinbaum KZ,Barrett CB,Okello GV

更新日期：2011-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway and functions by activating the cell surface death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5). TRAIL is nontoxic in vivo and preferentially kills neoplastically transformed cells over normal cells by an unde...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chinnaiyan AM,Prasad U,Shankar S,Hamstra DA,Shanaiah M,Chenevert TL,Ross BD,Rehemtulla A

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A rat model of hereditary renal carcinoma (RC) was found in a rat colony of the Sprague-Dawley strain in Japan and named the "Nihon" rat. In heterozygotes, RCs, predominantly the clear cell type, develop from early preneoplastic lesions, which began to appear as early as 3 weeks of age, to adenocarcinomas by the age o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okimoto K,Sakurai J,Kobayashi T,Mitani H,Hirayama Y,Nickerson ML,Warren MB,Zbar B,Schmidt LS,Hino O

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental question in the study of human language acquisition centers around apportioning explanatory force between the experience of the learner and the core knowledge that allows learners to represent that experience. We provide a previously unidentified kind of data identifying children's contribution to langua...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han CH,Musolino J,Lidz J

更新日期：2016-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Superhard metals are of interest as possible replacements with enhanced properties over the metal carbides commonly used in cutting, drilling, and wear-resistant tooling. Of the superhard metals, the highest boride of tungsten--often referred to as WB4 and sometimes as W(1-x)B3--is one of the most promising candidates...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lech AT,Turner CL,Mohammadi R,Tolbert SH,Kaner RB

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Stem cells divide and differentiate to form all of the specialized cell types in a multicellular organism. In the Arabidopsis root, stem cells are maintained in an undifferentiated state by a less mitotically active population of cells called the quiescent center (QC). Determining how the QC regulates the surrounding ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark NM,Fisher AP,Berckmans B,Van den Broeck L,Nelson EC,Nguyen TT,Bustillo-Avendaño E,Zebell SG,Moreno-Risueno MA,Simon R,Gallagher KL,Sozzani R

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmic, spontaneously pulsating cardiac cells cultured from newborn rats are immediately stimulated to beat faster by addition of a number of tubulin-binding agents but not by their non-tubulin-binding analogues. The tubulin-binding agents tested include vinblastine, vincristine, navelbine, two analogs of vinblastin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lampidis TJ,Kolonias D,Savaraj N,Rubin RW

更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The influx of Ca2+ ions controls many important processes in excitable cells, including the regulation of the gating of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (the current IK[Ca]). Various IK[Ca] channels contribute to the regulation of the action-potential waveform, the repetitive discharge of spikes, and the secretion of neur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wisgirda ME,Dryer SE

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A genomic region on distal mouse chromosome 1 and its syntenic human counterpart 1q23-42 show strong evidence of harboring lupus susceptibility genes. We found evidence of linkage at 1q32.2 in a targeted genome scan of 1q21-43 in 126 lupus multiplex families containing 151 affected sibpairs (nonparametric linkage scor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu H,Boackle SA,Hanvivadhanakul P,Ulgiati D,Grossman JM,Lee Y,Shen N,Abraham LJ,Mercer TR,Park E,Hebert LA,Rovin BH,Birmingham DJ,Chang DM,Chen CJ,McCurdy D,Badsha HM,Thong BY,Chng HH,Arnett FC,Wallace DJ,Yu CY

更新日期：2007-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown changes in membrane properties of neurons in rat deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) as a function of development, but due to technical difficulties in obtaining viable DCN slices from adult animals, it remains unclear whether there are learning-related alterations in the membrane properties of DC...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang D,Smith-Bell CA,Burhans LB,O'Dell DE,Bell RW,Schreurs BG

更新日期：2018-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The peripheral axonal branch of primary sensory neurons readily regenerates after peripheral nerve injury, but the central branch, which courses in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, does not. However, if a peripheral nerve is transected before a spinal cord injury, sensory neurons that course in the dorsal column...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neumann S,Skinner K,Basbaum AI

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Naive CD4 T cells differentiate into several effector lineages, which generate a stronger and more rapid response to previously encountered immunological challenges. Although effector function is a key feature of adaptive immunity, the molecular basis of this process is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zorca CE,Kim LK,Kim YJ,Krause MR,Zenklusen D,Spilianakis CG,Flavell RA

更新日期：2015-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Small ubiquitin modifier 1 (SUMO1) is shown to regulate K2P1 background channels in the plasma membrane (PM) of live mammalian cells. Confocal microscopy reveals native SUMO1, SAE1, and Ubc9 (the enzymes that activate and conjugate SUMO1) at PM where SUMO1 and expressed human K2P1 are demonstrated to colocalize. Silen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Plant LD,Dementieva IS,Kollewe A,Olikara S,Marks JD,Goldstein SA

更新日期：2010-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Beta nerve growth factor (NGF), a target-derived protein necessary for survival and development of sympathetic and sensory neurons, can also affect subpopulations of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Using a blot hybridization assay capable of detecting 10 fg of mRNA, we measured the levels of NGF mRNA in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shelton DL,Reichardt LF

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells were transformed with an S. pombe expression vector containing a full-length cDNA of the Chlorella hexose transporter. The transformed cells accumulated 3-O-methylglucose up to 10-fold, whereas wild-type S. pombe and control transformants could only equilibrate this sugar analogue. In a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sauer N,Caspari T,Klebl F,Tanner W

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many processes in nature are modeled using compartmental systems (reservoir/pool/box systems). Usually, they are expressed as a set of first-order differential equations describing the transfer of matter across a network of compartments. The concepts of age of matter in compartments and the time required for particles...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metzler H,Müller M,Sierra CA

更新日期：2018-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex II inhibitors 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) and malonate cause striatal damage reminiscent of Huntington's disease and have been shown to involve oxidative stress in their pathogenesis. Because nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent transcriptional activation by means of the antioxidant res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calkins MJ,Jakel RJ,Johnson DA,Chan K,Kan YW,Johnson JA

更新日期：2005-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage N4 minivirion RNA polymerase (mini-vRNAP), the RNA polymerase (RNAP) domain of vRNAP, is a member of the T7-like RNAP family. Mini-vRNAP recognizes promoters that comprise conserved sequences and a 3-base loop-5-base pair (bp) stem DNA hairpin structure on single-stranded templates. Here, we defined the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davydova EK,Santangelo TJ,Rothman-Denes LB

更新日期：2007-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinniol [1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)benzene], a toxin produced by fungi of the Alternaria group, causes symptoms in plants that resemble those induced by the fungi. The phytotoxin binds to carrot protoplasts and isolated membranes in a saturable and reversible manner. Receptor o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thuleau P,Graziana A,Rossignol M,Kauss H,Auriol P,Ranjeva R

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA of a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus was sequentially reconstituted first with protein of the same strain and then with protein of a tomato strain. The reconstituted particles were treated with specific antibodies against the two strain particles and were examined electron microscopically to locate the regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otsuki Y,Takebe I,Ohno T,Fukuda M,Okada Y

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The A(2A)R is largely coexpressed with D(2)Rs and enkephalin mRNA in the striatum where it modulates dopaminergic activity. Activation of the A(2A)R antagonizes D(2)R-mediated behavioral and neurochemical effects in the basal ganglia through a mechanism that may involve direct A(2A)R-D(2)R interaction. However, whethe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen JF,Moratalla R,Impagnatiello F,Grandy DK,Cuellar B,Rubinstein M,Beilstein MA,Hackett E,Fink JS,Low MJ,Ongini E,Schwarzschild MA

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited colorectal cancer syndromes in humans exhibit regional specificity for tumor formation. By using mice with germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc) and/or DNA mismatch repair genes, we have analyzed the genetic control of tumor regionality in the mouse small intestine. In C57BL/6 mice ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haigis KM,Hoff PD,White A,Shoemaker AR,Halberg RB,Dove WF

更新日期：2004-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic switches based on the [Formula: see text] system are master regulators of an array of cellular responses. Recent kinetic experiments have shown that [Formula: see text] can actively remove NF-κB bound to its genetic sites via a process called "molecular stripping." This allows the [Formula: see text] switch to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Potoyan DA,Zheng W,Komives EA,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2016-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The placenta is essential for the success of therian mammalian reproduction. Intense selective pressure has shaped changes in placental anatomy and function during mammalian cladogenesis. Here we challenge the view that the hemochorial placenta is a derived feature in haplorhine primates. Using phylogenetic and statis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wildman DE,Chen C,Erez O,Grossman LI,Goodman M,Romero R

更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The action of calmodulin (CaM) on target proteins is important for a variety of cellular functions. We demonstrate here, however, that the presence of a CaM-binding site on a protein does not necessarily imply a functional effect. The alpha-subunit of the cGMP-gated cation channel of human retinal cones has a CaM-bind...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grunwald ME,Zhong H,Lai J,Yau KW

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00