Five-month-old infants' identification of the sources of vocalizations.

abstract：:Changes in O-linked protein glycosylation are known to correlate with disease states but are difficult to monitor in a physiological setting because of a lack of experimental tools. Here, we report a technique for rapid profiling of O-linked glycoproteins in living animals by metabolic labeling with N-azidoacetylgalac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dube DH,Prescher JA,Quang CN,Bertozzi CR

更新日期：2006-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on transfection into cells in culture or natural transduction into retroviruses, proto-ras genes seem to derive transforming function either from heterologous promoters or from point mutations. Here we ask how such different events could achieve the same results. To identify homologous regulatory elements, about...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chakraborty AK,Cichutek K,Duesberg PH

更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The annual migration of ∼1.2 million wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) through the Serengeti Mara Ecosystem is the largest remaining overland migration in the world. One of the most iconic portions of their migration is crossing of the Mara River, during which thousands drown annually. These mass drownings have been ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Subalusky AL,Dutton CL,Rosi EJ,Post DM

更新日期：2017-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of commercial catches reveals a serial depletion of some oceanic fish stocks over time, resulting in fisheries focusing on increasingly smaller species closer to the base of the food chain. This effect, described as fishing down the marine food web, is observed when the trophic level of the catch declines ove...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dunlop ES,Goto D,Jackson DA

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) have been widely used clinically as anticoagulants, their broader use has been limited by the lack of noninvasive delivery methods for this class of molecules. In this study, we demonstrate an efficient, rapid, and reproducible delivery system for heparin throu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qi Y,Zhao G,Liu D,Shriver Z,Sundaram M,Sengupta S,Venkataraman G,Langer R,Sasisekharan R

更新日期：2004-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Parts of the primary structure of the NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase [L-glutamate:NAD oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.2] from Neurospora crassa are presented. Segments of the sequence representing 886 unique amino-acid residues have been determined; the largest contains 267 residues. There are only short ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Austen BM,Nyc JF,Degani Y,Smith EL

更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:beta1,4-Galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT-I) participates in both glycoconjugate biosynthesis (ubiquitous activity) and lactose biosynthesis (mammary gland-specific activity). In somatic tissues, transcription of the mammalian beta4GalT-I gene results in a 4.1-kb mRNA and a 3.9-kb mRNA as a consequence of initiation at...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Charron M,Shaper JH,Shaper NL

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The involvement of methylation in the chemosensory response of bacteria to many attractants has been clearly established by studies in several laboratories. It has been assumed that adaptation of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli to all attractants involves methylation of a transmembrane methyl-accepting che...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niwano M,Taylor BL

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention. However, complete and durable responses are only seen in a fraction of patients who have cancer. A key factor that limits therapeutic success is the infiltration of tumors by cells of the myeloid lineage. The inhibitory receptor signal regulator...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ring NG,Herndler-Brandstetter D,Weiskopf K,Shan L,Volkmer JP,George BM,Lietzenmayer M,McKenna KM,Naik TJ,McCarty A,Zheng Y,Ring AM,Flavell RA,Weissman IL

更新日期：2017-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A sensitive, labor-saving, and easily automatable nonradioactive procedure named APEX-FCS (amplified probe extension detected by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) has been established to detect specific in vitro amplification of pathogen genomic sequences. As an example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic DNA was...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walter NG,Schwille P,Eigen M

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments were performed to ascertain the degree to which the amount of amino acids might be one of the regulatory factors that control the activity of the nucleolar RNA polymerase. Assays of the enzymatic activity were done with isolated nuclei from cells incubated with low and high concentrations of amino acids. S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Franze-Fernández MT,Pogo AO

更新日期：1971-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two of the most important models to account for the specificity and sensitivity of the T cell receptor (TCR) are the kinetic proofreading and serial ligation models. However, although kinetic proofreading provides a means for individual TCRs to measure accurately the length of time they are engaged and signal appropri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan C,George AJ,Stark J

更新日期：2001-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxins are 12-kDa proteins functional in the regulation of cellular processes throughout the animal, plant, and microbial kingdoms. Growing evidence with seeds suggests that an h-type of thioredoxin, reduced by NADPH via NADP-thioredoxin reductase, reduces disulfide bonds of target proteins and thereby acts as a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yano H,Wong JH,Lee YM,Cho MJ,Buchanan BB

更新日期：2001-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Type IV pili of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the Gram-negative etiologic agent of gonorrhea, facilitate colonization of the human host. Gonococcal PilT, a protein belonging to a large family of molecules sharing a highly conserved nucleotide binding domain motif, has been shown to be dispensable for organelle biogenesis but...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfgang M,Park HS,Hayes SF,van Putten JP,Koomey M

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are of vital importance for animals to find food, identify mates, and avoid dangers. In mammals, the number of OR genes is large and varies extensively among different orders, whereas, in insects, the extent of interspecific variation appears to be small, although only a few species have ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nozawa M,Nei M

更新日期：2007-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice have been used to address the issue of the oncogenic potential of mutant guanine nucleotide stimulatory factor (Gs) alpha subunit in the thyroid gland. The expression of the mutant Arg-201-->His Gs alpha subunit transgene has been directed to murine thyroid epithelial cells by bovine thyroglobulin prom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michiels FM,Caillou B,Talbot M,Dessarps-Freichey F,Maunoury MT,Schlumberger M,Mercken L,Monier R,Feunteun J

更新日期：1994-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant human migration inhibitory factor (MIF), isolated through functional expression cloning in COS-1 cells, up-regulates expression of genes encoding HLA-DR and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and elaboration of IL-1 beta by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Administration of soluble bovine serum albumin or h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiser WY,Pozzi LM,Titus RG,David JR

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody modulation of T-cell coinhibitory (e.g., CTLA-4) or costimulatory (e.g., 4-1BB) receptors promotes clinical responses to a variety of cancers. Therapeutic cancer vaccination, in contrast, has produced limited clinical benefit and no curative therapies. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papilloma virus (HPV)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bartkowiak T,Singh S,Yang G,Galvan G,Haria D,Ai M,Allison JP,Sastry KJ,Curran MA

更新日期：2015-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:ALOX15 (12/15-lipoxygenase) orthologs have been implicated in maturational degradation of intracellular organelles and in the biosynthesis of antiinflammatory and proresolving eicosanoids. Here we hypothesized that lower mammals (mice, rats, pigs) express 12-lipoxygenating ALOX15 orthologs. In contrast, 15-lipoxygenat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adel S,Karst F,González-Lafont À,Pekárová M,Saura P,Masgrau L,Lluch JM,Stehling S,Horn T,Kuhn H,Heydeck D

更新日期：2016-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Because the insolubility of the scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) has frustrated structural studies by x-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, we used electron crystallography to characterize the structure of two infectious variants of the prion protein. Isomorphous two-dimensional crystals of the N-terminally trunca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wille H,Michelitsch MD,Guenebaut V,Supattapone S,Serban A,Cohen FE,Agard DA,Prusiner SB

更新日期：2002-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene encoding the rice transcription factor, REB (rice endosperm bZIP) was cloned from a bacterial artificial chromosome library of rice. The cloned 6,227-bp-long Reb gene is composed of six exons and five introns and is flanked by a 1.2-kb 5' promoter and a 1.2-kb 3' terminator region. The function of the Reb gen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang D,Wu L,Hwang YS,Chen L,Huang N

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of alphavbeta3- or alphavbeta5-integrins and selectins is widespread on blood cells and endothelial cells. Here we report that human tumor cells injected s.c. into mice lacking beta3- or beta3/beta5-integrins or various selectins show enhanced tumor growth compared with growth in control mice. There was inc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taverna D,Moher H,Crowley D,Borsig L,Varki A,Hynes RO

更新日期：2004-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients undergoing treatment at a community-based renal dialysis clinic were monitored monthly for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Of 160 patients who began treatment HBsAg(-)/anti-HBs(-), 77 subsequently became HBsAg(+). Once HBsAg(+), males were more likely to remain HBsAg(+) i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： London WT,Drew JS

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hybridization of human T cells with an azaguanine-resistant human T cell line gave rise to T hybrid cell lines secreting several immunoregulatory molecules. Analyses of karyotypes, HLA phenotypes, and other surface phenotypes, such as T-cell-specific antigens or receptors for sheep erythrocytes and the patterns of mit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okada M,Yoshimura N,Kaieda T,Yamamura Y,Kishimoto T

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed for associations to an unselected whole genome pool of tumor mRNA transcripts in 50 unrelated patients with breast cancer. SNPs were selected from 203 candidate genes of the reactive oxygen species pathway. We describe a general statistical framework for t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kristensen VN,Edvardsen H,Tsalenko A,Nordgard SH,Sørlie T,Sharan R,Vailaya A,Ben-Dor A,Lønning PE,Lien S,Omholt S,Syvänen AC,Yakhini Z,Børresen-Dale AL

更新日期：2006-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We find that the transcription of various ribosomal proteins can be differentially affected by polyamines and by changes in growth rates. Using strain MG1655 of Escherichia coli K-12 (F-, lambda-), we have determined the effects of polyamines and changes in growth rate on the transcription of several ribosomal genes a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang SC,Panagiotidis CA,Canellakis ES

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) (dATP[alpha S]) was introduced into the 3' ends of DNA restriction fragments with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I to give phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. Such "capped" 3' ends were found to be resistant to exonuclease III digestion. Moreover, the resistance to d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Putney SD,Benkovic SJ,Schimmel PR

更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear proteins contain specific regions that are required for entry into the nucleus. Using ligand blotting, we have shown that a 67-kDa yeast nuclear envelope protein (p67) recognizes synthetic peptides containing the yeast histone H2B or simian virus 40 large tumor antigen nuclear localization sequence. Both free ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee WC,Mélèse T

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyber conflict is now a common and potentially dangerous occurrence. The target typically faces a strategic choice based on its ability to attribute the attack to a specific perpetrator and whether it has a viable punishment at its disposal. We present a game-theoretic model, in which the best strategic choice for the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Edwards B,Furnas A,Forrest S,Axelrod R

更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines and their receptors direct leukocyte migration among blood, lymph and tissues. Evidence has recently accumulated that, besides their chemotactic functions, chemokine receptors are highly versatile players that fine tune immune responses. During human T cell activation by antigen-presenting cells, the chemok...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Contento RL,Molon B,Boularan C,Pozzan T,Manes S,Marullo S,Viola A

更新日期：2008-07-22 00:00:00