Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s.

abstract：:We have cloned a full-length cDNA coding for human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) from a human liver cDNA library constructed in phage lambda gt11. The library was screened by using a rabbit antibody against human ADH as a first probe, by the modified method of Young and Davis [Yo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ikuta T,Fujiyoshi T,Kurachi K,Yoshida A

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian form of the protozoan parasite Leishmania mexicana contains high activity of a cysteine proteinase (LmCPb) encoded on a tandem array of 19 genes (lmcpb). Homozygous null mutants for lmcpb have been produced by targeted gene disruption. All life-cycle stages of the mutant can be cultured in vitro, demonst...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mottram JC,Souza AE,Hutchison JE,Carter R,Frame MJ,Coombs GH

更新日期：1996-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have defined transcriptional control elements, in addition to the promoters, that both lie near individual human beta-globin locus genes and have been implicated in their differential stage-specific regulation during development (i.e., are believed to directly participate in hemoglobin switching). We ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Q,Bungert J,Engel JD

更新日期：1997-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We report an approach for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging without superconducting magnets and cryogenics: optical atomic magnetometry. This technique possesses a high sensitivity independent of the strength of the static magnetic field, extending the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging to low magne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu S,Yashchuk VV,Donaldson MH,Rochester SM,Budker D,Pines A

更新日期：2006-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Practicing a motor skill triggers a process of memory consolidation that continues for hours after practice has ended, and becomes manifest in an improved skill at later testing. We used a sequential motor task (finger-to-thumb opposition task) to show that, in humans, the formation of motor skill memories essentially...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fischer S,Hallschmid M,Elsner AL,Born J

更新日期：2002-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA sequence complementary to Trypanosoma brucei mRNAs coding for the synthesis of the variant-specific antigens AnTat 1.1 and AnTat 1.8 have been cloned and characterized. These sequences have been used as probes to analyze the corresponding genes in the nuclear DNA. The two genes seem to be represented in several (t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pays E,Van Meirvenne N,Le Ray D,Steinert M

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunocytochemical demonstration of (pro)insulin on intracellular membrane compartments of the pancreatic B cell reveals that the immunolabeling detected by the protein A/gold method is associated, at the level of the Golgi apparatus, with the inner aspect of the cisternal membranes; on the secretory granules, by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orci L,Ravazzola M,Perrelet A

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously developed a biological containment system using recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium strains that are attenuated yet capable of synthesizing protective antigens. The regulated delayed attenuation and programmed self-destructing features designed into these S. Typhimurium strains enable them to efficiently ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kong W,Brovold M,Koeneman BA,Clark-Curtiss J,Curtiss R 3rd

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:One approach to understanding common human diseases is to determine the genetic defects responsible for similar diseases in animal models and place those defective genes in their corresponding biochemical pathways. Our laboratory is working with an animal model for human rheumatoid arthritis called collagen-induced ar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McIndoe RA,Bohlman B,Chi E,Schuster E,Lindhardt M,Hood L

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The family of WD40-repeat (WDR) proteins is one of the largest in eukaryotes, but little is known about their function in brain development. Among 26 WDR genes assessed, we found 7 displaying a major impact in neuronal morphology when inactivated in mice. Remarkably, all seven genes showed corpus callosum defects, inc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kannan M,Bayam E,Wagner C,Rinaldi B,Kretz PF,Tilly P,Roos M,McGillewie L,Bär S,Minocha S,Chevalier C,Po C,Sanger Mouse Genetics Project.,Chelly J,Mandel JL,Borgatti R,Piton A,Kinnear C,Loos B,Adams DJ,Hérault Y,

更新日期：2017-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear receptor Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII) is an important coordinator of glucose homeostasis through its function in different organs such as the endocrine pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Recently we have demonstrated that COUP-TFII expression in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sabra-Makke L,Maritan M,Planchais J,Boutant M,Pégorier JP,Even PC,Vasseur-Cognet M,Bossard P

更新日期：2013-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The cell-surface antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody JONES is expressed in the retina and a number of other central nervous system regions of the rat during the latter part of embryonic development and the early postnatal period. In addition to the expression on certain neuroblast populations it is found on so...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blum AS,Barnstable CJ

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of promoter chromatin determines the ability of transcription factors (TFs) to bind to DNA and therefore has a profound effect on the expression levels of genes. However, the role of spontaneous nucleosome movements in this process is not fully understood. Here, we developed a single-molecule optical twe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rudnizky S,Khamis H,Malik O,Melamed P,Kaplan A

更新日期：2019-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA gaps was investigated in Ustilago maydis. The experimental system was designed for analysis of repair of an autonomously replicating plasmid containing a cloned gene disabled by an internal deletion. It was discovered that crossing over rarely accompanied gap repair. The s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ferguson DO,Holloman WK

更新日期：1996-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Employing a cell-free chromatin transcription system that recapitulates progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated transcription in vivo, we have investigated further the coactivator functions of steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) in terms of its functional domains as well as cooperation with other coactivators in PR tra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Z,Wong J,Tsai SY,Tsai MJ,O'Malley BW

更新日期：2001-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Spatial memory enhances an organism's navigational ability. Memory typically resides within the brain, but what if an organism has no brain? We show that the brainless slime mold Physarum polycephalum constructs a form of spatial memory by avoiding areas it has previously explored. This mechanism allows the slime mold...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reid CR,Latty T,Dussutour A,Beekman M

更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes encode a unique multigene family of leukocyte regulatory receptors, which possess an extracellular Ig variable (V) domain and may function in innate immunity. Artificial chromosomes that encode zebrafish NITRs have been assembled into a contig spanning approximately 350 kb. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoder JA,Litman RT,Mueller MG,Desai S,Dobrinski KP,Montgomery JS,Buzzeo MP,Ota T,Amemiya CT,Trede NS,Wei S,Djeu JY,Humphray S,Jekosch K,Hernandez Prada JA,Ostrov DA,Litman GW

更新日期：2004-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcicludine (CaC) is a 60-amino acid polypeptide from the venom of Dendroaspis angusticeps. It is structurally homologous to the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, to dendrotoxins, which block K+ channels, and to the protease inhibitor domain of the amyloid beta protein that accumulates in Alzheimer disease. Voltage-cla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schweitz H,Heurteaux C,Bois P,Moinier D,Romey G,Lazdunski M

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The energy landscape theory provides a general framework for describing protein folding reactions. Because a large number of studies, however, have focused on two-state proteins with single well-defined folding pathways and without detectable intermediates, the extent to which free energy landscapes are shaped up by t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calosci N,Chi CN,Richter B,Camilloni C,Engström A,Eklund L,Travaglini-Allocatelli C,Gianni S,Vendruscolo M,Jemth P

更新日期：2008-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The process by which cells select one of several specific programs of genetic information in development was examined in homoeotic mutant Antennapedia of Rappaport in Drosophila melanogaster. The results show that the alteration of determination from antenna to leg induced by this homoeotic mutation occurs in a popula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Postlethwait JH,Schneiderman HA

更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Turbulence is an important determinant of phytoplankton physiology, often leading to cell stress and damage. Turbulence affects phytoplankton migration both by transporting cells and by triggering switches in migratory behavior, whereby vertically migrating cells can actively invert their direction of migration upon e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carrara F,Sengupta A,Behrendt L,Vardi A,Stocker R

更新日期：2021-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecules of keystone significance are relatively rare, yet mediate a variety of interactions between organisms. They influence the distribution and abundance of species, the transfer of energy across multiple trophic levels, and thus they play significant roles in structuring ecosystems. Despite their potential impor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kicklighter CE,Kamio M,Nguyen L,Germann MW,Derby CD

更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The delta-subspecies of protein kinase C (delta PKC) was purified to near homogeneity from the Triton X-100 extract of the rat brain particulate fraction by successive chromatographies on S-Sepharose fast flow, phenyl 5PW, heparin 5PW, hydroxyapatite, and Mono Q columns. The purified enzyme was a doublet with molecula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ogita K,Miyamoto S,Yamaguchi K,Koide H,Fujisawa N,Kikkawa U,Sahara S,Fukami Y,Nishizuka Y

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated mutants of Escherichia coli formylmethionine initiator tRNA in which one, two, and all three G X C base pairs in the GGGCCC sequence in the anticodon stem are changed to those found in E. coli elongator methionine tRNA. Overproduction of the mutant tRNAs using M13 recombinants as an expression vector...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seong BL,RajBhandary UL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Paramecium tetraurelia, cyclic nucleotides are important physiological second messengers that could regulate dynein mechanochemistry by phosphorylation. A 29-kDa polypeptide that is phosphorylated in a cAMP- and Ca(2+)-sensitive manner in permeabilized cells and isolated axonemes is the only significant phosphoryla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamasaki T,Barkalow K,Richmond J,Satir P

更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial-type rhodopsins are found in archaea, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes. Some of them represent membrane ion transport proteins such as bacteriorhodopsin, a light-driven proton pump, or channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1), a recently identified light-gated proton channel from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ChR1 a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nagel G,Szellas T,Huhn W,Kateriya S,Adeishvili N,Berthold P,Ollig D,Hegemann P,Bamberg E

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparative genomics of closely related bacterial isolates is a powerful method for uncovering virulence and other important genome elements. We determined draft sequences (8-fold coverage) of the genomes of strains JD1 and N40 of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease, and we compared...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qiu WG,Schutzer SE,Bruno JF,Attie O,Xu Y,Dunn JJ,Fraser CM,Casjens SR,Luft BJ

更新日期：2004-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Pleistocene residential sites with multiple contemporaneous human burials are extremely rare in the Americas. We report mitochondrial genomic variation in the first multiple mitochondrial genomes from a single prehistoric population: two infant burials (USR1 and USR2) from a common interment at the Upward Sun River Si...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tackney JC,Potter BA,Raff J,Powers M,Watkins WS,Warner D,Reuther JD,Irish JD,O'Rourke DH

更新日期：2015-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We obtain a classification of the irreducible (nonunitary) representations of a connected semisimple Lie group G, in terms of their restriction to a maximal compact subgroup K of G. (A classification in terms of analytic properties of the representations has been given by R. P. Langlands [(1973), mimeographed notes, I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vogan DA

更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer development is associated with hyperactive androgen signaling. However, the molecular link between androgen receptor (AR) function and humoral factors remains elusive. A prostate cancer mouse model was generated by selectively mutating the AR threonine 877 into alanine in prostatic epithelial cells thr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takahashi S,Watanabe T,Okada M,Inoue K,Ueda T,Takada I,Watabe T,Yamamoto Y,Fukuda T,Nakamura T,Akimoto C,Fujimura T,Hoshino M,Imai Y,Metzger D,Miyazono K,Minami Y,Chambon P,Kitamura T,Matsumoto T,Kato S

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00