O-acetylation of a cell-surface carbohydrate creates discrete molecular patterns during neural development.

abstract：:Analysis of variations in the concentrations or structures of biomolecules (e.g., mRNAs, proteins, peptides, natural products) that occur either naturally or in response to environmental or genetic perturbations can provide important insight into complex biological processes. Many biological samples are mixtures that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yao S,Anex DS,Caldwell WB,Arnold DW,Smith KB,Schultz PG

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network is crucial for cellular information processing and decision-making. With suitable inputs, PPI networks drive the cells to diverse functional outcomes such as cell proliferation or cell death. Here, we characterize the structural controllability of a large directed human PP...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vinayagam A,Gibson TE,Lee HJ,Yilmazel B,Roesel C,Hu Y,Kwon Y,Sharma A,Liu YY,Perrimon N,Barabási AL

更新日期：2016-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(A)-containing HeLa cell mRNA prepared from cells labeled with [methyl-(3)H]methionine or [(32)P]phosphate was found to contain a variety of methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structures of two general types: m(7)GpppN(7)-Np and m(7)GpppN(m)-N(m)-Np. In addition, about one-third of the [(3)H]methyl label was present ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Furuichi Y,Morgan M,Shatkin AJ,Jelinek W,Salditt-Georgieff M,Darnell JE

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-driven type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular complications. Here, we show that perturbation of caveolar microdomains leads to insulin resistance and concomitant up-regulation of PAI-1 in 3T3L1 adipocytes. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Venugopal J,Hanashiro K,Yang ZZ,Nagamine Y

更新日期：2004-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The body-wall muscle cells of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans produce thick filaments during embryonic, larval, and adult stages. These thick filaments contain two myosin isoforms, A and B, which assemble into different zones along the 10-microns lengths. Paramyosin, a protein homologous to myosin rods, forms a su...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Honda S,Epstein HF

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used germ-line transformation to dissect the cis regulatory elements responsible for the transcriptional control of an internally marked Drosophila chorion gene (s15-P) during development. A 73-base-pair segment of the proximal 5'-flanking DNA contains sequences essential for the tissue-specific expression and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mariani BD,Lingappa JR,Kafatos FC

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously identified rat8 in the pathway involved in epithelial cell differentiation that occurs in the rat mammary gland at pregnancy when tubules and alveoli are formed. rat8, which encodes an IFN-inducible membrane protein, is the rat homologue of the mouse gene fragilis. By differential detergent extraction an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zucchi I,Prinetti A,Scotti M,Valsecchi V,Valaperta R,Mento E,Reinbold R,Vezzoni P,Sonnino S,Albertini A,Dulbecco R

更新日期：2004-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice harboring the int-2/Fgf-3 protooncogene under transcriptional control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter/enhancer exhibit a dramatic, benign hyperplasia of the mammary gland. In one int-2 transgenic line (TG.NX), this growth disturbance is evoked by pregnancy and regresses after parturiti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee FS,Lane TF,Kuo A,Shackleford GM,Leder P

更新日期：1995-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication of the single-stranded DNA genome of geminiviruses occurs via a double-stranded intermediate that is subsequently used as a template for rolling-circle replication of the viral strand. Only one of the proteins encoded by the virus, here referred to as replication initiator protein (Rep protein), is indispe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Laufs J,Traut W,Heyraud F,Matzeit V,Rogers SG,Schell J,Gronenborn B

更新日期：1995-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Retroviral entry into cells depends on envelope glycoproteins, whereby receptor binding to the surface-exposed subunit triggers membrane fusion by the transmembrane protein (TM) subunit. We determined the crystal structure at 2.5-A resolution of the ectodomain of gp21, the TM from human T cell leukemia virus type 1. T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kobe B,Center RJ,Kemp BE,Poumbourios P

更新日期：1999-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:At the synapse, presynaptic membranes specialized for vesicular traffic are linked to postsynaptic membranes specialized for signal transduction. The mechanisms that connect pre- and postsynaptic membranes into synaptic junctions are unknown. Neuroligins and beta-neurexins are neuronal cell-surface proteins that bind ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Song JY,Ichtchenko K,Südhof TC,Brose N

更新日期：1999-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Two operators, spatially separated from each other and from the promoters, repress the gal operon when bound to Gal repressor. Conversion of either gal operator to a lac operator results in derepression, although both Gal and Lac repressors are present, suggesting that mere occupation of operator sites is not sufficie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haber R,Adhya S

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-assembled heterocapsule 1.2, which is formed by the hydrogen bonds of tetra(4-pyridyl)-cavitand 1 and tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cavitand 2, encapsulates 1 molecule of guests such as 1,4-diacetoxybenzene 3a, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dimethylbenzene 3b, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,5-dialkoxybenzenes (3c, OCH(3); 3d, OC(2)H(5); 3e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kitagawa H,Kobori Y,Yamanaka M,Yoza K,Kobayashi K

更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been postulated that, in the adult visual cortex, visual inputs modulate levels of mRNAs coding for neurotransmitter receptors in an activity-dependent manner. To investigate this possibility, we performed a monocular enucleation in adult rabbits and, 15 days later, collected their left and right visual cortice...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nguyen QT,Matute C,Miledi R

更新日期：1998-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The 3' flanking region of the apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene contains a hypervariable region consisting of a variable number of tandemly repeated short A + T-rich DNA sequences (VNTRs). We present a general method that utilizes the polymerase chain reaction to rapidly and accurately type this and other VNTR loci. We use...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boerwinkle E,Xiong WJ,Fourest E,Chan L

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies specific for allelic determinants of the cell membrane alloantigen Ly-17 were found to react with genetically determined polymorphic sites on the murine IgG Fc receptor (Fc gamma R). Monoclonal antibodies specific for Ly-17.2 and the Fc gamma R detected identical populations of cells in thymus, spleen, lymp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holmes KL,Palfree RG,Hammerling U,Morse HC 3rd

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are numerous studies on the immune response against malignant human tumors. This study was aimed to address the complexity and specificity of humoral immune response against a benign human tumor. We assembled a panel of 62 meningioma-expressed antigens that show reactivity with serum antibodies of meningioma pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Comtesse N,Zippel A,Walle S,Monz D,Backes C,Fischer U,Mayer J,Ludwig N,Hildebrandt A,Keller A,Steudel WI,Lenhof HP,Meese E

更新日期：2005-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:How olfactory sensory neurons converge on spatially invariant glomeruli in the olfactory bulb is largely unknown. In one model, olfactory sensory neurons interact with spatially restricted guidance cues in the bulb that orient and guide them to their target. Identifying differentially expressed molecules in the olfact...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin DM,Yang YH,Scolnick JA,Brunet LJ,Marsh H,Peng V,Okazaki Y,Hayashizaki Y,Speed TP,Ngai J

更新日期：2004-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteritis caused by Clostridium difficile toxin (Tx) is a nosocomial disease of increasing clinical concern, but the local mediators of C. difficile TxA inflammation are unknown. The potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide mediates neurogenic inflammation via the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhargava A,Clifton MS,Mhaske P,Liao M,Pothoulakis C,Leeman SE,Grady EF

更新日期：2013-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are among the most abundant prokaryotes on Earth and are widely distributed in marine, terrestrial, and geothermal environments. All studied Thaumarchaeota couple the oxidation of ammonia at extremely low concentrations with carbon fixation. As the predominant nitrifiers in the oce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Könneke M,Schubert DM,Brown PC,Hügler M,Standfest S,Schwander T,Schada von Borzyskowski L,Erb TJ,Stahl DA,Berg IA

更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is a chemotactic cytokine that binds to the CD4 receptor and affects the activation of T cells and replication of HIV. It is expressed as a large 67-kDa precursor protein (pro-IL-16) in lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells from asthmatics after challeng...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bannert N,Avots A,Baier M,Serfling E,Kurth R

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The availability of gene-targeted mice deficient in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), urokinase receptor (uPAR), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen permits a critical, genetic-based analysis of the physiological and pathological roles of the two mammalian plasminogen activators. We ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bugge TH,Flick MJ,Danton MJ,Daugherty CC,Romer J,Dano K,Carmeliet P,Collen D,Degen JL

更新日期：1996-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The day we understand the time evolution of subcellular events at a level of detail comparable to physical systems governed by Newton's laws of motion seems far away. Even so, quantitative approaches to cellular dynamics add to our understanding of cell biology. With data-guided frameworks we can develop better predic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ronquist S,Patterson G,Muir LA,Lindsly S,Chen H,Brown M,Wicha MS,Bloch A,Brockett R,Rajapakse I

更新日期：2017-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Mobilization of the T-cell response against cancer has the potential to achieve long-lasting cures. However, it is not known how to harness antigen-presenting cells optimally to achieve an effective antitumor T-cell response. In this study, we show that anti-CD47 antibody-mediated phagocytosis of cancer by macrophages...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tseng D,Volkmer JP,Willingham SB,Contreras-Trujillo H,Fathman JW,Fernhoff NB,Seita J,Inlay MA,Weiskopf K,Miyanishi M,Weissman IL

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A protein fraction from B. subtilis infected with phage SP01 (fraction LGG) stimulates the activity of RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase) core from uninfected bacteria. Fraction LGG contains a protein (P-28, molecular weight 28,000) that is labeled after phage infection and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duffy JJ,Petrusek RL,Geiduschek EP

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arylhydrazinopyrimidines inhibit DNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis by promoting formation of a specific, long-lived ternary complex with DNA polymerase III and the template-primer DNA. DNA polymerase III contains an associated, single-strand-selective exonuclease which generates 5'-mononucleotides. Drug inhibition of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Low RL,Rashbaum SA,Cozzarelli NR

更新日期：1974-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenopus oocytes express a gene encoding bovine rhodopsin as well as its SP6 RNA polymerase-derived transcripts and total retinal mRNA. The opsin produced is in unglycosylated (30 kDa) and two glycosylated (35 kDa and 41 kDa) forms. Incubation of the cells expressing the above proteins with 11-cis-retinal generates rho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khorana HG,Knox BE,Nasi E,Swanson R,Thompson DA

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes is tightly regulated during the perinatal period. These genes are induced by glucagon (cAMP) and glucocorticoids and repressed by insulin. To address the role of cAMP and glucocorticoids in the physiological activation of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Montoliu L,Blendy JA,Cole TJ,Schütz G

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Several Bradyrhizobium species nodulate the leguminous plant Aeschynomene indica in a type III secretion system-dependent manner, independently of Nod factors. To date, the underlying molecular determinants involved in this symbiotic process remain unknown. To identify the rhizobial effectors involved in nodulation, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teulet A,Busset N,Fardoux J,Gully D,Chaintreuil C,Cartieaux F,Jauneau A,Comorge V,Okazaki S,Kaneko T,Gressent F,Nouwen N,Arrighi JF,Koebnik R,Mergaert P,Deslandes L,Giraud E

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in purified synaptic vesicles from rat forebrain has been studied in the presence of Mn2+ and orthovanadate. High levels of endogenous protein tyrosine phosphorylation were observed. Four major phosphoproteins, with apparent molecular masses of 105, 94, 38, and 30 kDa, were shown to co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pang DT,Wang JK,Valtorta F,Benfenati F,Greengard P

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00